Zheng Xie (pronounced xie, four tones), a famous painter in the Qing Dynasty. The courtesy name is Kerou and the name is Banqiao, also known as Zheng Banqiao. During the Qianlong period, he was a Jinshi and once served as the magistrate of Weixian County. He has a history of calligraphy and painting. A native of Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, he was elected as a scholar of Kangxi in the imperial examination. He was elected in the tenth year of Yongzheng and became a Jinshi in the first year of Qianlong (1736). He was the magistrate of Fan County and Weixian County in Shandong Province. There was a political saying that he "asked for relief for the people due to the hunger of the year. He disobeyed the officials and begged for illness." Before and after he became an official, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by painting and calligraphy. He is good at poetry and lyrics, good at calligraphy and painting. Poems disdain idioms. He is good at painting flowers, wood and rocks, especially orchids and bamboos. The beauty of the orchid leaf is painted with burnt ink, borrowed from the cursive script, with the vertical strokes in the middle, and the long strokes to transport it. More is not chaotic, less is not sparse, and it breaks away from the customs of the time, and is extremely beautiful. The book is also unique, with half official and regular script, and is called "six-and-a-half-point book". He also practiced painting during the period. The seal writing force is simple and ancient, and the writing is simple and elegant. He was an unruly man. He selected county magistrates as Jinshi, wrote poems and wines about daily affairs, and transferred Wei County. He asked for relief for the people because of the famine. He disobeyed the officials and returned home. He lived in Yangzhou and gained a great reputation. Indulge in the mountains and rivers, and take a drunken countryside tour with poets and wild monks. At that time, he wrote about Cong Lan and Skinny Stone in the lounge and on the wall of the monks, and wrote random sentences, which made the viewers marvel. He is the author of the complete works of Banqiao, engraved in handwriting. The paintings he sold were well-educated and were praised for a while. He is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". His poetry, calligraphy and painting are known as the "Three Wonders" in the world, and he is good at painting orchid and bamboo. Zheng Xie painted the most bamboos in his life, followed by orchids and stones, but he also painted pine and chrysanthemums. He was a relatively representative literati painter in the Qing Dynasty. Born on November 22, 1693, died on January 22, 1765. He died at the age of seventy-three.
Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty was an outstanding celebrity in history, the main representative of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", a calligrapher, painter and writer famous for his three unique "poetry, calligraphy and painting". His life can be divided into five stages: "reading and teaching", selling paintings in Yangzhou, "passing the imperial examination and becoming a Jinshi" and traveling in officialdom, serving as an official in Shandong and selling paintings in Yangzhou again. 1. Reading and teaching Zheng Xie (1693--1766), courtesy name Kerou, also known as Li'an, also known as Banqiao, was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu. His ancestral home is Suzhou. His ancestors moved from Changmen, Suzhou, to Xinghua City to Wangtou during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and were already the fourteenth generation to Zheng Banqiao. His father, Zheng Zhiben, had the courtesy name of Li'an and the name of Mengyang. He was born in Lin, former residence of Zheng Banqiao. He was excellent in both character and learning. He taught at home and taught hundreds of people. Zheng Banqiao was born on November 22, 1693. At that time, his family was already in decline and his life was very difficult. When Mrs. Wang was three years old, her biological mother died, and when she was fourteen, she lost her stepmother, Mrs. Zheng. Wet nurse Fei was a kind, hard-working and simple working woman. She gave Zheng Banqiao attentive care and meticulous care, and became the pillar of Zheng Banqiao's life and emotions. Zheng Banqiao was intelligent and literate at the age of three. By the age of eight or nine, he was already composing couplets under the guidance of his father. When he was young, he followed his father to study in Maojiaqiao, Zhenzhou. At the age of sixteen, he learned lyrics from his hometown ancestor Mr. Lu Zhongyuan. He was admitted as a scholar when he was about twenty years old. Married Mrs. Xu at the age of twenty-three. In the autumn of that year, Zheng Banqiao went to Beijing for the first time, and Yu Shuyunxuan wrote Ouyang Xiu's poem in small regular script "Qiu Sheng Fu". At the age of 26, he went to Zhijiang Village in Zhenzhou to teach. At the age of thirty, his father passed away. At this time, Banqiao had two daughters and one son, and his life became even more difficult. He composed a poem of "Seven Songs" and lamented that Zheng Sheng had no camp at the age of 30. 2. Selling Paintings in Yangzhou Due to the hardship of life, Zheng Banqiao abandoned his art gallery after the age of 30 and went to Yangzhou to make a living by selling paintings to help the poor. In the name of elegance." The ten years of selling paintings in Yangzhou were also interspersed with some tourism activities. Unfortunately, Mrs. Xu's son passed away, and Zheng Banqiao wrote a poem to express his condolences. At the age of thirty-two, he traveled to Jiangxi and met Master Wufang and Manchu scholar Paul Lu in Mount Lu. At the age of thirty-three, he traveled to Beijing and socialized with the Zen Master and his disciples in the Yulin School. He spoke loudly and ignored people, thus gaining a crazy reputation. During his reign, he married Prince Kangxi and Wang Yunxi of Shen County, the owner of Ziqiong Cliff. Thirty-five years old, a guest in Tongzhou. At the age of thirty-six, he studied at Tianning Temple in Yangzhou and wrote one of the four books in handwriting. At the age of thirty-seven, he wrote the first draft of ten poems about Taoism. At the age of thirty-nine, Mrs. Xu died of illness. Zheng Banqiao lived in Yangzhou for ten years and made many painting friends. Jin Nong, Huang Shen, etc. were all close to him and had a great influence on his creative ideas and even his personality.
3. Successful candidates, Jinshi and official career In 1732, Zheng Banqiao was forty years old. In the autumn of that year, he went to Nanjing to take part in the provincial examination. He passed the examination and won the Nanjie sound gt;gt; poem. In order to further his studies, he went to Jiaoshan, Zhenjiang to study. Now there is a wooden couplet written by Zheng Banqiao in Biefeng Nunnery in Jiaoshan. Why should the elegant room be large? The fragrance of flowers is not too much. "In 1736, the first year of Qianlong, at the age of forty-four, he took part in the examination of the Ministry of Rites in Beijing and passed the Gongshi examination. In May, he took part in the palace examination at Danqi in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. He was awarded the 88th place in the second class. "I was born as a Jinshi," and I made a special painting of "Okra and Stalagmites" and wrote a poem: "I will also be called a Jinshi in the end, and I will follow the number one scholar of Dangui." In 1737, at the age of forty-five, his joy was beyond words. He stayed in Beijing for about a year, hoping to become an official, but failed, so he returned south to Yangzhou. With the support of Jiangxi Cheng Yuchen, he married his wet nurse Fei. He died in 1739 at the age of 47. He composed four poems in seven rhymes and presented them to Yu, the superintendent of transportation in Huainan. Jian Zeng. In 1740, at the age of 48, he wrote the preface for Yangzhou Zhuzhici. In 1741, at the age of 49, he entered Beijing as a candidate for an official position and was cordially entertained by Wang Yunxi of Shen County. When Zheng Banqiao, an official in Shandong Province, was fifty years old, that is, in the spring of 1742, he served as the magistrate of Fan County and was in charge of the small county court. In 1743, at the age of fifty-one, he wrote ten poems about Taoism. gt;gt;After several revisions, the final draft was engraved by Situ Wengao of Shangyuan Dynasty. In 1744, Rao gave birth to his son. During Zheng Banqiao's reign, he paid attention to farming, observed the people's sentiments, and promoted the people's work. In 1746, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. In the 11th year of Qianlong's reign, at the age of fifty-four, he was transferred from Fan County to Wei County. That year there was a great famine in Shandong, and people were eating each other. Wei County was originally a prosperous city, but there were successive years of famine, so disaster relief became the responsibility of Zheng Banqiao. As an important part of political affairs, he opened warehouses to provide relief goods, ordered people to receive coupons for supplies, and also promoted labor services, built cities and ponds, recruited hungry people from far and near to go to work, and large households in the city opened factories to cook porridge and feed them. The harvest in the autumn was poor, and all the IOUs were destroyed. The hungry people in Weixian went out to look for food. Banqiao sighed and fled from famine. In 1748, Gao Bin, a bachelor, and Liu Tongxun, the censor of the capital, went to Shandong as special envoys to provide relief. As autumn matured in Banqiao, the disaster in Weixian County gradually eased, and hungry people returned to their hometowns from outside the customs. lt;lt;Returning to the Family gt;gt;Memory of this incident. In order to prevent the invasion of bandits, donations were made to Zheng Banqiao
In the late autumn, the book was writtenlt;lt. In 1751, the sea water overflowed, and Banqiao went to Yuwangtai in the north of Wei County to investigate the disaster. Zheng Banqiao's intention as an official was to bring benefits to the people when he was successful." Therefore, he could be considerate of civilians and small traders when he was in charge. , reform bad government, and protect their interests in terms of laws and measures. During the period of Banqiao's rule in Wei, he was diligent and honest, leaving no accumulation and no injustice to the people." He was deeply supported by the people. Rich businessmen gathered in Weixian County, and people tolerated it with extravagance. In 1747, Zheng Banqiao advocated literary affairs and discovered talents, leaving many good stories. In 1747, Debao, a scholar from Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria, was in charge of the imperial examination in Shandong. In 1748, Qianlong visited Shandong with him. . Zheng Banqiao participated in the preparations for the history of calligraphy and painting, and arranged everything for the emperor to climb Mount Tai. He stayed at the top of Mount Tai for more than forty days. He was always proud of it and engraved a seal saying that Qianlong and Cambodia sealed the history of calligraphy and painting. 1749, fifty-seven years old. Rao's son died of illness in Xinghua. Visited Guo's Garden with Yushi Shen Yanfang. Re-edit the family letter gt; Written in 1750, Banqiao’s preface gt;gt;. . In the same year, the Wenchang Temple was rebuilt, and the Zhuangyuan Bridge was advocated, which was named "Wenchang Temple". In 1751, at the age of fifty-nine, he made a rare lake painting banner. In 1752, he presided over the construction of the Town God's Temple in Weixian County and wrote the inscription of the Town God's Temple. In the "Inscriptions of the Wenchang Temple" and "The Inscriptions of the City God's Temple", Banqiao urged the gentry and people of Weixian County to practice civility and clean conduct, which had a considerable influence on the people of Weiqie. In the same year, he wrote a paper with Han Hao, a boy born in Weixian County, and wrote a seven-character couplet in running script, shortening the complex and simplifying it.
"Zheng Banqiao wrote a lot during his tenure in Weixian County, and his forty poems on Weixian Zhuzhici were particularly popular. 5. Selling Paintings Again in Yangzhou. People in Yangzhou all have children wherever they go, and officials read more in their spare time." In the seventh year of Guanwei, Banqiao reached a new peak in both official administration and poetry, calligraphy and painting. "The official administration and literary reputation were the most important thing of the time." The ambition of "keeping the people healthy" is difficult to realize, and the desire to return to the fields is increasing day by day. In 1753, when Zheng Banqiao was sixty-one years old, he resigned from office because the people asked him to relieve the disobedient officials. When he went to Wei, the people blocked the way to stay, painted portraits of every family, and spontaneously built a shrine for Zheng Banqiao at Haidao Temple in Weicheng. After retiring from office, Ban
Zheng Banqiao made a living selling paintings at the Statue Bridge. He traveled between Yangzhou and Xinghua, communicating with fellow calligraphers and painters, and singing poems and wines. In 1754, Zheng Banqiao visited Hangzhou. Return to Qiantang, go to Kuaiji, explore Yu's Cave, visit Orchid Pavilion, and go up and down the mountain valley. In 1757, at the age of sixty-five, he participated in the Hongqiao Wan Festival hosted by Yu Jian, the supervisor of the Lianghuai River, and met Yuan Mei, exchanging poems with each other. During this period, Banqiao produced many calligraphy and painting works, which were widely circulated. He died in Banqiao on January 22, 1766 (December 12, the 30th year of Qianlong's reign) and was buried in Ruanzhuang, east of Xinghua City. He was seventy-three years old. Both Banqiao's two sons died early, and Zhangtian, the son of Zheng Mo, was the next in line. Painting Zheng Banqiao is good at painting bamboo, orchid, stone, pine, chrysanthemum, etc., and is most famous for his orchid and bamboo with sparse appearance and vigorous style. He advocated not relying on ancient methods, but following nature, and then mastering the craftsmanship to be able to express your feelings. He proposed the three-stage painting theory of "bamboo in the eye", "bamboo in the heart", and "bamboo in the hand", combining thoughtful conception with skilled brush and ink techniques. When Banqiao painted bamboo, he used the method of cursive calligraphy to create "a strong and long cursive script", which achieved the artistic effect of "no chaos when there is more, no sparseness when there is less, breaking away from the customs of the times, and unparalleled elegance". The bamboos painted by Banqiao are vivid and have both form and spirit. The intention is to write "interest lies outside the law" first. The orchids painted on Banqiao are mostly orchids from the mountains and wild fields. They use heavy ink and cursive script to fully describe the splendid nature of orchids. When Banqiao paints stones, he uses the bone method to draw out the outline of the stone, sometimes with orchid and bamboo, which is extremely harmonious and unified. Zheng Banqiao's paintings brought a fresh vitality to the calligraphy circles of the Qing Dynasty at that time. The majority of intellectuals and working people regarded them as treasures and spent a lot of money to buy them, and they were widely circulated. Zheng Banqiao's Fan Painting According to legend, Zheng Banqiao of the Qing Dynasty served as the magistrate of Weixian County in his later years. One day in autumn, he went to the market incognito and saw an old lady selling fans in a daze guarding a pile of unused fans. Zheng Banqiao caught up with him, picked up a fan and looked at it. He saw that the surface of the fan was as white as snow, with no words or paintings. The season for using fans was now missed, so naturally no one came to buy it. During the inquiry process, Zheng Banqiao learned that the old lady's family was poor and decided to help her. So Zheng Banqiao borrowed a pen, ink, and inkstone from a shop, and started splashing ink with his pen. I saw green bamboos, fragrant orchids, proud frost autumn chrysanthemums, falling snow and cold plums flying on the fan, and they were matched with poetry lines to make the poetry and painting on the fan complement each other interestingly. The surrounding spectators rushed to buy, and within a short time, a bunch of fans were sold out.