The Three Characters Classic is divided into six parts, with a total length of 1,722 words and 574 sentences. It is a traditional enlightenment book of China. It briefly narrates some well-known historical stories and expresses moral concepts and philosophies generally accepted by ancient society by rhyming one sentence with two sentences.
classic original text and interpretation:
1. beginning of life is good in nature. The same nature Varies on nurture. Explain that at the beginning of birth, people are kind in nature and similar in nature, but their habits are greatly different because of their different environment and education.
2. If you don't teach, your sex will change. To teach well, You deeply dwell. Explain that if you don't get a good education from an early age, your good nature will deteriorate. In order to keep people from becoming bad, the most important way is to educate children wholeheartedly.
3. In the past, Meng Mu chose its neighbors. At Mencius sloth, She cut th' cloth. During the Warring States Period, Mencius' mother moved three times in order to make Mencius have a good learning environment. Once Mencius played truant, Meng Mu broke the loom to educate Mencius.
4. Dou Yanshan has a righteous side. Teaching five sons is famous. When explaining the Five Dynasties, Dou Yujun, a native of Yanshan, had a good way to educate his sons. All the five sons he educated were very successful and became famous in the imperial examinations.
5. it's the father's fault to raise and not teach. What's a teacher? A strict preacher. It is parents' fault to explain that it is only to provide food and clothing for their children, but not to educate them properly. Just education, but not strict requirements is laziness as a teacher.
6. It is not appropriate for a child not to learn. If you are young and don't learn, why bother? It is very wrong to explain that children refuse to study hard. If a person doesn't study hard when he is a child, and he doesn't know the truth of being a man or knowledge when he is old, it will be difficult to make a difference when he is old.
7. if you don't cut the jade, you will lose it. Unless you learn, Brute you'll turn. Explain that jade will not become a beautiful object if it is not polished and carved; If people don't study, they don't know manners and can't be successful.
8, being a son, being young. Teacher or peer, Hold them dear. Explain that children should be close to teachers and friends from childhood, so as to learn a lot of manners and knowledge from them.
9. Xiang is nine years old and can warm the mat. Filial piety is more important than kinship. Explain that Huang Xiang, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, knew how to honor his father and warm his bed when he was nine years old. This is what everyone who is filial to his parents should practice and follow.
1. If you are four years old, you can make pears grow up and be a prophet. Explain that when Kong Rong was four years old, he knew that he would give a big pear to his brother. Everyone should know the truth of respecting and loving his brother since he was a child. "Brother" understands "Yong" and respects and is friendly.
11. First filial piety, second knowledge. Know a certain number, know a certain article. Explain that the most important thing in life is filial piety, so it is necessary to do your best to be filial. Filial piety is a great event. Second, wait, see more things in the world, so as to broaden what they know, learn more about ancient and modern theories, and broaden what they have learned. Knowing the number of ten million is a certain number, and knowing the things of ancient and modern sages is a certain article.
12, one and ten, ten and a hundred. Hundreds and thousands, thousands and thousands. Explain China's decimal arithmetic method: one to ten is the basic number, then ten tens is one hundred, ten hundred is one thousand, and ten thousand is ten thousand ... and keep changing.
13, three talents, heaven and earth. Tri-light, sun, moon and stars. Interpretation should also know some common sense of daily life. Three talents refer to heaven, earth and people. Three lights are the sun, the moon and the stars.
14, the three cardinal principles, monarch and minister. Father and son are close, and husband and wife are smooth. Explaining the Three Cardinal Principles is the three codes of conduct that should be observed in the relationship between people, that is, the words and deeds of kings and courtiers should conform to justice, parents and children should love each other, and husband and wife should live in harmony.
15, spring and summer, autumn and winter. At these four o'clock, luck is not poor. Explain that spring, summer, autumn and winter are called four seasons. The seasons are constantly changing, spring goes to summer, autumn goes to winter, and so on, never stopping.
16. North and South, West and East. This quartet should be in the middle. Explain that east, south, west and north, being a "quartet" refers to the position in all directions. These four directions must have a central position corresponding to each other in order to determine each direction.
17, fire and water, wood, gold and earth. These five elements depend on the number. Explain that the "five elements" are gold, wood, water, fire and earth. This is an abstract concept used by China in ancient times to refer to all kinds of things in the universe, which is based on the five numbers of one, two, three, four and five and their combination changes.
18, ten dry, A to decyl. Twelve branches, the son to the sea. Explain that "ten dry" refers to A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren, Gui, also known as "Tiangan"; "Twelve Branches" refers to Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai, also known as "Earthly Branches", which is a sign of keeping time in ancient times.
19, the ecliptic, the sun shines. The equator, the right. Explain that the trajectory of the sun is called the ecliptic, and the plane where the earth is located is in the middle. This plane is called the equator. According to the cosmology of ancient China, I don't know that the earth is a sphere, and the equator should refer to the plane where I live.
the earth moves around the sun, and the sun moves around the center of the galaxy. The orbit of the sun is called the ecliptic, and there is an imaginary big circle perpendicular to the earth axis in the center of the earth, which is the equator.
2. Under the equator, it is extremely warm. I am Chinese, in the northeast. Explain that in the equatorial region, the temperature is the highest and the climate is particularly hot. From the equator to the north and south, the temperature gradually becomes lower. China is located in the northeast of the earth.
21, cold and astringent, frost and dew change. Right plateau, left sea. Explain that the climate in China is well-proportioned and frosty. On the right is the plateau, and on the left is the sea.
22. The river is called Huai Ji. These four blasphemies are the discipline of water. The Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River and Jishui River, which directly flow into the sea in China, are the representatives of Chinese rivers.
23. Dai Hua, Song Hengheng. The five mountains are the names of mountains. Explain that the five famous mountains in China are called "Five Mountains", that is, Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Mount Huashan in Xiyue, Mount Songshan in Zhongyue, Mount Hengshan in Nanyue and Mount Hengshan in Beiyue. These five mountains are the representatives of the mountains in China.
24. ancient Kyushu, which was restructured today. Said the province, thirty-five. Explain that during the Han Dynasty, China ruled Kyushu and ruled the whole country. Now it is a province, with a total of * * * 35.
25. Scholar farmers are called industry and commerce. These four people are good for the country. Explain that intellectuals, farmers, workers and businessmen are indispensable pillars of the country, called the four people, which is an important part of society.
26. Say benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and faith. The five permanent members should not be confused. Explain that if all people can take the five unchangeable laws of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith as the standards of doing things and being a man, the society will remain peaceful forever, so everyone should abide by them and not neglect them.
27, the ground is born with vegetation. This plant is all over the land and water. Explain that besides human beings, there are flowers and trees on the earth, which belong to plants and are everywhere on land and in water.
28. There are insects, fish, birds and animals. This animal can fly away. Explain that insects, fish, birds and beasts belong to animals. Some of these animals can fly in the sky, some can walk on land and some can swim in water.
29. Rice, rice and millet. These six valleys are eaten by people. Explain that some staple foods in human life come from plants, such as rice, wheat, beans, corn and sorghum, which are important foods in daily life.
3, horses, cattle and sheep, chickens and dogs. These six animals are fed by people. Explain that there are horses, cows, sheep, chickens, dogs and pigs among animals, which are called six animals. These animals are as wild as Liugu. Later, after being gradually domesticated by people, it became a necessity of human daily life.
31. It is said that you are angry and sorrowful. Love evil desires, seven emotions. Explain that happiness is called joy, anger is called anger, sadness is called sorrow, fear is called fear, love is called love in my heart, hate is called evil, lust is called desire in my heart, and together it is called seven emotions. These are seven kinds of feelings that people are born with.
32, cyan, red and yellow, and black and white. These five colors are recognized by the eyes. Explain cyan, yellow, red, black and white, which are five colors in the traditional five elements in ancient China, and can be recognized by people's naked eyes.
33, bitter and sweet, and pungent and salty. These five flavors are contained in the mouth. Explain that among the foods you usually eat, there are five flavors that can be distinguished by your mouth: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty.
34. The smell is burnt, and it is fishy and rotten. These five odors are smelled by the nose. Explain that the nose can smell things. There are five main smells, namely, mutton smell, burnt smell, fragrance, fishy smell and rotten smell.
35. Earth leather, wood, stone and gold. Silk and bamboo are eight tones. Explain that the ancient people in China divided the materials used to make musical instruments into eight kinds, namely, melons, clay, leather, wood blocks, stones, metals, silk threads and bamboo, which were called "eight tones".
36. When it comes to peace, it means going in. These four tones should be coordinated. Explain that in ancient China, the tones of voice were divided into four types: flat, rising, falling and entering. The use of the four tones must be harmonious, which can make people feel comfortable.
37, great-great-grandfather, father and body. Body and son, son and grandson. Explain that great-grandfather gives birth to great-grandfather, great-grandfather gives birth to grandfather, grandfather gives birth to father, father gives birth to himself, and son gives birth to grandson.
38. From descendants to Xuanzeng. It is a family of nine, and it is a human relationship. Explain that your son and grandson will follow, that is, great-grandchildren and great-grandchildren. From great-grandfather to great-grandson, it is called "Nine Families". These "nine clans" represent the succession relationship between the pecking order and family lineage.
39, father and son, the couple from. A brother is a friend, and a brother is respectful. Explain that fathers and sons should pay attention to mutual kindness, the feelings between husband and wife should be smooth, the elder brother should be friendly to the younger brother, and the younger brother should respect him.
4, the order of seniority, friends and friends. The monarch is respectful and the minister is loyal. Explain that the interaction between the old and the young should pay attention to the order of seniority; Friends should keep faith with each other. If the monarch can respect his officials, the officials will be loyal to him.
41. The ten meanings are shared by all people. When telling the truth, don't violate it. Explain the ten meanings mentioned above: father's kindness, son's filial piety, husband's harmony, wife's obedience, brother and friend, brother's respect, friend's faith, friend's righteousness, monarch's respect and minister's loyalty, which everyone should abide by and must not be violated.
42, zicui, big or small. To get rid of hemp, five clothes will end. Explain the five kinds of mourning clothes worn by different people in ancient China when they died, namely, zicui, Da Gong, Xiao Gong and Ju Ma.
43. Rites and music shoot, and the number of imperial books. The ancient six arts are not available today. Explaining etiquette, music, archery, driving, calligraphy and arithmetic are six skills that ancient scholars must learn, and no one can have them at the same time.
44, only calligraphy, people follow * * *. Be literate, speak and speak. Explain that among the six arts, only calligraphy is respected by everyone in today's society. When a person knows Chinese characters, he can study Shuo Wen Jie Zi, which is helpful for studying profound knowledge.
45. There are ancient prose, big seal script. Following the grass, you can't mess up. Explain that the development of China's writing has experienced ancient prose, big seal script, small seal script, official script and cursive script, which must be recognized clearly and not confused.
46. If you learn extensively, you are afraid of its complexity. But in a nutshell, you can know the original. Explain that it is not easy to learn knowledge widely, and there is no way to start, but if you can do general research, you can still understand many basic truths.
47. You should pay attention to what you are taught. Detailed exegesis, clear sentence reading. Explain that all teachers who teach children who have just entered school must make every word clear, explain every sentence clearly, and make children know how to break sentences when reading.
48, as a scholar, there must be a beginning. At the end of primary school, to four books. Explain that as a scholar, you can read the "Four Books" only after you have laid a solid foundation and thoroughly learned the knowledge of primary school at the beginning of your studies.
49, the Analects of Confucius, 2 articles. Group of disciples, remember good words. There are twenty articles explaining the Analects of Confucius. It's a book about Confucius' remarks by his disciples and his disciples.
5, Mencius, seven articles only. Morality, benevolence and righteousness. Explain that Mencius was written by Meng Ke, and it is divided into seven chapters. The content is also about moral cultivation, carrying forward moral benevolence and other fine virtues.
51. Being a moderate is Kong Ji. It is not easy to be impartial. The book The Doctrine of the Mean is interpreted by Kong Ji, and "mean" means unbiased, while "mediocre" means unchangeable.
52. Being a university is Ceng Zi. Self-cultivation and self-cultivation. It was Zeng Shen who explained the book "University", and he put forward the idea of "self-cultivation, managing the country and leveling the world".
53, four books are familiar, and filial piety is familiar. Such as six classics, can only be read. Explain that you can read such an abstruse book as the Six Classics only after you have read the four books and understood the truth of filial piety.
54. Poetry and calligraphy are easy, and the ceremony is spring and autumn. No.6 classics, when stress. Explaining The Book of Songs, The Book of Changes, The Rite, The Spring and Autumn Annals, and Yue as the Six Classics, which are important classics of ancient Confucianism in China, should be read carefully.
55, there are mountains, and there are those who return to Tibet. There are Zhouyi, three easy details. Explain that Lianshan, Guizang and Zhouyi are three books in ancient China, which are collectively called "Three Changes", and "Three Changes" are books that explain the circular changes of everything in the universe in the form of "hexagrams".
56. There are canons and instructions. There is an oath, and the book is the Austria. Explaining the content of the Book of Classics is divided into six parts: the first code is the basic principle of founding a country; Second, the plan of governing the country; Three training, that is, the attitude of the minister; Four letters patent, that is, the announcement of the monarch; Five oaths, arise and declare; Six lives, the order of the monarch.
57. I, Duke Zhou, make a ceremony. Write six officials, save the body. Explain that Duke Zhou wrote "Zhou Li", which recorded the official system of the six palaces and the composition of the country at that time.
58, big and small, note the book of rites. Tell the holy words, be prepared with ceremony and music. Explain that Dade and Dai Sheng collated and annotated The Book of Rites, and narrated and expounded the works of sages, which made future generations know the laws and regulations of the previous generation and the situation of rites and music.
59. It is called national wind, and it is called elegant praise. No.4 poems should be satirized. Explaining "National Style", "Elegance", "Xiaoya" and "Ode" are all called four poems, which are rich in content and deep in emotion, and are worth reciting.
6. Poetry is written in the Spring and Autumn Period. Combine praise with criticism, not good and evil. Explain that due to the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the Book of Songs was left out in the cold, so Confucius wrote Spring and Autumn Annals, which implied the praise and criticism of real politics and the distinction between good and evil behaviors in various countries.
61. The third passer has a ram. There are Zuo's and Gu Liang. Explaining the three biographies is the Biography of the Ram written by Yang Gao, the Biography of Zuo written by Zuo Qiuming and the Biography of Gu Liangchi. These are the books that explain the Spring and Autumn Annals.
62. Only when you know it clearly can you read it. Summarize its essentials and remember its events. Explain that you have read all the classics and then read the book. Sub-books are complicated, so you must choose the more important ones to read, and remember the cause and effect of everything.
63, five sons, Xun Yang. Wenzhongzi, and Laozi and Zhuangzi. Explain that Wuzi refers to Xunzi, Yangzi, Wenzhong, Laozi and Zhuangzi. The books they write are called sub-books.
64, Jing Zitong, read the history. Examination of lineage, knowing the end. After explaining the classics and sub-books, we must study the lineage of each dynasty and generation and understand the reasons for their ups and downs before we can learn from history.
65. From Xinong to Huangdi. No. san huang, ranking first in the world. It is explained that from Fu Xishi, Shennong to Huangdi, these three emperors in ancient times were diligent and loving the people, and they were very great, so later generations respectfully called them "san huang".
66. Tang Youyu was named the Second Emperor. It's a prosperous time to admire each other. After explaining the Yellow Emperor, there were two emperors, Tang Yao and Yu Shun. Yao thought his son was corrupt and passed on the throne.