The moon is setting and the sky is filled with crows and frost.
Jiang Feng fishes with fire to worry about sleep.
Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City,
The midnight bell rang to the passenger ship.
I will see you in Suzhou. Everyone is leaning against the river. Suzhou is a city made of water. Rivers crisscross the area, and ancient bridges connect the streets and alleys of the ancient city. Among the ancient bridges in Suzhou, the Maple Bridge, located outside Hanshan Temple and spanning the ancient canal, has a very high reputation. "Night Mooring on the Maple Bridge" by Zhang Ji, a poet from the Tang Dynasty, is a popular song that has been passed down through the ages and can be regarded as a chant for all generations. A classic work in Suzhou poetry.
The moon sets and the crows crow, that sleepless night beside the Maple Bridge
Three hundred painted bridges reflect the river city, and the Maple Bridge is uniquely famous in the poem. It is difficult to verify when exactly Fengqiao was built, but at least in the Tang Dynasty, Fengqiao was already a strategic point on land and water, connecting boats and boats. In the early Ming Dynasty, Yao Guangxiao recalled the prosperity of Fengqiao in "Rebuilding the Hanshan Temple": "It reaches Jingkou in the north and Wulin in the south. It is an important place. Boats are moving and walking, and ants are connected day and night." However, after the "An-Shi Rebellion" broke out in the 14th year of Tang Tianbao (AD 755), what Fengqiao welcomed was not a ship full of food, but a crowded passenger ship, full of refugees from Chang'an and Luoyang. , officials and scribes, including Zhang Ji from Xiangyang who just won the Jinshi two years ago. Fan Chengda's "Wu Jun Zhi" said: Maple Bridge "is nine miles outside Changmen and has been famous since ancient times. Passengers from the north and south pass by, and there is no one who stops by this bridge and chants." In the Tang and Song Dynasties, when people went in and out of Suzhou City by boat, they generally Make a short stop at Maple Bridge.
It was a late autumn night, and the weather was extremely cold. The night shrouded the Maple Bridge and the canal, and the shrill cries of crows (some scholars believed they were blackbirds) echoed in the cold air. The lonely Zhang Jizheng lay in the boat, unable to fall asleep looking at the maple trees on the shore and the lights of the fishing boats on the water. At this time, the bells of Hanshan Temple not far away came, which aroused his thoughts of traveling and worries about his family and country. Are relatives far away safe, when will the days of wandering end, and how long will the country's turmoil last... Zhang Ji couldn't sleep anymore. He turned over and sat up, took out a pen and paper, and wrote this immersed poem. The melancholy and brooding "Night Mooring on Maple Bridge". Among the starry poets of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji is not considered a famous one. In addition to being a Jinshi, he only held ordinary official positions such as Hongzhou Salt and Iron Judge. Not many of Zhang Ji's poems have been handed down. Ye Mengde from the Song Dynasty said that by the Southern Song Dynasty, there were only more than thirty poems by Zhang Ji in existence ("Shilin Poetry Talk"). But it is with this song "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" that Zhang Ji's light will never dim.
In every dynasty, "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" has attracted countless fans. The only exception is that Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty once questioned "ringing the bell at midnight" in "Six Day Poetry Talk", but "Stone Forest Poetry Talk" and "Gengxi Poetry Talk" have cited poems by Bai Juyi, Wen Tingyun and others to prove that Buddhist temples in the Tang Dynasty Indeed, the clock strikes midnight. In addition, poets and poetry commentators of the past dynasties have highly praised "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" and chanted about Maple Bridge, leaving behind "the crows are crying and the moon is falling in the temple beside the bridge, and I can still hear the midnight bell while sleeping on my pillow" (Song Dynasty Sun Face to face); "I haven't been to Fengqiao Temple for seven years, and the guest still sleeps at midnight" (Lu You of the Song Dynasty); "It is the first night when homesickness begins, and I stay alone in Fengqiao in the distance" (Gao Qi of the Ming Dynasty); "Ten years "Dream of Jiangnan in the Old Testament, listening to the midnight bell of the cold mountain alone" (Wang Shizhen, Qing Dynasty) and other good lines. Even the popular song "The Sound of the Waves Remains", which was once popular, cleverly used "Mooring at Maple Bridge at Night" to express the sorrow shared by modern people and ancients for thousands of years.
Hanshan heard the bell, and the three poetry tablets have gone through many vicissitudes
The temple is prosperous with poems, and the poems are named after the temple. Use this sentence to summarize the relationship between "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" and Hanshan Temple It's really appropriate. Hanshan Temple was built in the Liang Tianjian period of the Southern Dynasty. It was originally called "Miaoli Puming Pagoda Courtyard". According to legend, the eminent monk Hanshan once traveled here during the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, so it was also called "Hanshan Temple". Since the publication of "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge", Hanshan Temple has become famous as a Zen forest. "Everyone likes Huang Tong and old people knows Hanshan Temple." There is an endless stream of tourists from all over the world. The ancient bell and the poetry stele, these two antiquities related to "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" in the temple have attracted the most attention and have gone through thousands of years of vicissitudes. "The bell rings at midnight." When tourists come to Hanshan Temple, they always ring the ancient bronze bell. Listening to the bells of Hanshan Temple on New Year's Eve is an ancient custom of Suzhou people.
There is no doubt that when Zhang Ji wrote "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge", there was a big bell in Hanshan Temple. However, as Hanshan Temple was destroyed by war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, this "super fine smelting, ancient cloud and thunder" Tang Dynasty bell The clock has been annihilated together.
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, under the auspices of Zen Master Benji, Hanshan Temple once again cast a giant bell and built a bell tower. The talented scholar Tang Bohu wrote "Gusu Hanshan Temple Hua Zhongshu" specially for this grand event. It is a pity that this bell was also destroyed during the later Japanese invasion. "When the bell encountered Japanese aggression, it was sold as a cannon" ("Hundred Cities Smoke and Water"). Today, the ancient bell preserved on the octagonal tower of Hanshan Temple was recast in the style of the old bell when Chen Kuilong, governor of Jiangsu Province, rebuilt Hanshan Temple in the 32nd year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1906). This bell contains black gold, and the sound of the bell is loud and clear. Smell for miles.
However, there is always a saying among the people in Suzhou that the Ming Jiajing bronze bell of Hanshan Temple was not "sold as cannons", but was robbed by Japanese pirates and taken to Japan. Kang Youwei once wrote a poem about this: " The sound of the bell has crossed the sea to the east of Yunnan, and the maple leaves in the ancient temple on Hanshan Mountain have become cold." But whether the Jiajing Mingzhong really ended up in Japan, and what its exact whereabouts are, is still an unsolved mystery.
The "Poetry Monument of Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" is another cultural business card of Hanshan Temple. According to the "Continued Records of Wujun Picture Book", as early as the Northern Song Dynasty, Prime Minister Wang Gui wrote the poem "Mooring at Maple Bridge at Night" in handwriting and carved it on a stone tablet. In the Ming Dynasty, the famous painter Wen Zhengming also carved a poem stele. After all the hardships, no cross can be recognized now, and Wen Zhengming's extraordinary calligraphy skills can still be felt. In the late Qing Dynasty, Yu Yue, a famous writer and Confucian scholar, was impressed by the vast number of people on Wen Zhengming's stele. When Chen Kuilong was rebuilding Hanshan Temple, he wrote and carved the "Poetry Stele for Night Mooring at Maple Bridge". The front of this stele is a poem by Zhang Ji, with a postscript at the back: "Hanshan Temple has an old poem written by Zhang Jifeng in the Tang Dynasty, which was written by Zhang Jifeng at night. It has been long and full of water. In Bingwu of Guangxu, Xiao Shizhongcheng newly renovated several couplets in the temple, which belong to the stone carvings of Yu supplementary books. .Yu Yue". To this day, the Yu Yue Stone Stele is still preserved in Hanshan Temple. It is an ancient relic that people want to stop and appreciate when they come to Hanshan Temple.
Staying for a thousand years, polishing the "Fengqiao Night Mooring" brand
The moon sets and the crow crows, which is always the wind and frost of a thousand years. Today's Hanshan Temple and Maple Bridge no longer carry the sorrow of separation and farewell, but have transformed into a beautiful picture beside the Grand Canal. Walking into Hanshan Temple, a provincial cultural protection unit in Jiangsu, the reporter saw that cultural relics such as the building complex rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty, Yu Yue's poem stele, the found Hanshan statue inscription painted by Luo Pin, and Yue Fei's poem stele were all well preserved. In the Big Bell and Big Stele Garden on the south side of Hanshan Temple, the 108-ton imitation bronze bell of the Tang Dynasty is called "the largest bell in the world" and astounds tourists. The "Poetry Monument of Maple Bridge at Night" erected in 2008 has Yu Yue's handwriting "Mooring at Maple Bridge at Night" engraved on the front. With a height of 16.9 meters, it has the reputation of "the world's largest poetry monument".
Go out of Hanshan Temple and find the place where Zhang Ji parked his boat. The Fengqiao and Jiangcun Bridges, rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty, are like two rainbows spanning the ancient canal. Tieling Pass, the anti-Japanese pass in the Ming Dynasty, stands tall and witnesses the inner strength of the elegant Suzhou people. This is also the place where the 29th Sanye Army liberated Suzhou and fired the first shot on April 27, 1949. It has now been built as a red education base.
On December 8 last year, after more than half a year of landscape improvement and renovation, Fengqiao Scenic Area was officially opened to the public free of charge, becoming the first provincial-level scenic area in Suzhou to be open free of charge. The person in charge of the scenic spot told reporters that the current Maple Bridge Scenic Spot is a historical, cultural and ecological park, which fully explores Maple Bridge’s poetry culture, water transport culture, city gate culture, market culture and red culture, and enriches the “ancient bridges, ancient gates, ancient towns, Five ancient characteristics: ancient temples and ancient canals. In the scenic area, more than 20 natural and cultural landscapes such as Jiangfeng Thatched Cottage, Wumen Ancient Rhyme Stage, Water Transport Exhibition Hall, Yuyin Village, Tang Yin Poetry Monument, Night Mooring Place, Chou Mian Pavilion, Biwei Pavilion, and Jinghong Ferry are laid out in an orderly and exciting manner. .
The "Maple Bridge Night Mooring" cruise ship night tour project has also been launched. Tourists from all over the world board the "passenger ship", listen to the bells of the ancient temples, and enjoy the beautiful night views on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. At that moment, they feel like they are in the same spirit as Zhang Ji thousands of years ago. Connected.
Chen Dalin, director of the Suzhou Garden and Greening Administration Bureau, said that they will further make good use of the resources of the Grand Canal, polish the "Fengqiao Night Mooring" cultural tourism brand, and create Maple Bridge Bookstore and Maple Bridge Night Mooring Water. A series of projects such as Upstream allow tourists to listen to an authentic Suzhou Pingtan in Fengqiao, taste authentic Suzhou food, and experience the romantic poetry of "one night for a thousand years".