Article/April Silent
In the political arena of Wei and Jin Dynasties, where intrigues and deceit existed, some people who joined the world shone brightly and became politicians who were passed down through the ages; After joining the world, he found that his ambitions were difficult to achieve, and the changing and fluctuating political arena could not realize his life ambitions at all, so he was depressed and unhappy; some were even disappointed with the court and chose to live a quiet life far away from the world. Tao Yuanming was one of the typical people who chose to return to his garden to live in the fields when he was frustrated in the political arena. He retreated to the mountains, accompanied by flowers, plants, insects and birds, looked at the clouds in the mountains, and lived a Buddhist life in the eyes of others.
Tao Yuanming was born in the most romantic and free period in Chinese history - the Wei and Jin Dynasties. This era was characterized by frequent wars and frequent regime changes. His great-grandfather Tao Kan was known to everyone in history. The Great Sima of the Eastern Jin Dynasty had a high and powerful position, which was impressive and highly relied upon by the court. His grandfather Tao Mao was the prefect of Wuchang and managed one side. His father Tao Yi also continued the tradition of being an official and had served as the prefect of Ancheng, which was considered a good one. It is a hairpin family. Therefore, he was born into a wealthy family and lived a life without worries about food and clothing since he was a child. Under the most traditional Confucian education, he naturally embarked on the most glorious path for scholars of that era - becoming an official. However, his official career was not It was smooth sailing, even bumpy.
In that era, many people advocated the Five Dou Rice Religion, but he was different. He did not give up for five Dou Rice and served as an official for five times. Magistrate of Ze County, he resigned over and over again from the official position that others were trying to get, because there were too many things that he was unable to do, and there were too few like-minded people with him. He was exhausted and unable to do what he wanted in the court. Dragging his tired body and looking at his gray hair, he sighed and returned to the farmhouse to live a life of his own accord.
Everyone has his or her favorite flower. Different flowers have different postures, and the symbolic meanings of each flower are also different. Hobbies may seem like simple preferences, but they contain different meanings. Life attitudes and values. Some people like the graceful and luxurious peonies, which symbolize wealth and good fortune, while some people like the lotus that emerges from the mud but remains unstained, because the lotus has a noble character, and Tao Yuanming's favorite is the chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemums do not compete with other flowers. They bloom in the fruitful autumn. Large tracts of yellow chrysanthemums bloom, making people happy. His love for chrysanthemums is well known to the world, so there are sentences such as "Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums", "I call chrysanthemums a recluse of flowers", "Hey! The love of chrysanthemums is rarely heard of after Tao Dynasty" has been passed down to this day. He likes chrysanthemums not superficially. He will plant chrysanthemums himself, water and fertilize them, and write poems for them. He once wrote in "Drinking Part Five": "The house is in a human environment, and there is no noise of carriages and horses. How can I ask you? Your mind is far away and you are distracted. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see the Nanshan Mountain. The mountain air is sunny. It's a beautiful evening, and the birds are returning. There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to say it. "The poem is natural and leisurely. The life far away from the hustle and bustle of the world is so beautiful. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, accompanied by the green mountains, ignoring the cunning voices. , not touching those dark and disgusting things in the world, so reclusive.
Men of letters always have the same hobby - drinking. Li Bai loved wine as much as his life, Li Qingzhao also liked drinking and having fun, and Tao Yuanming was also a tenth-level fan of wine. After drinking, people are always bursting with inspiration, and can write many famous articles that have been passed down through the ages. However, drinking also makes people feel more melancholy. Wine is a good thing, making people feel inspired and inspired, but it is also a bad thing. Drinking makes people feel more melancholy. If things go wrong, it is easy for people to go crazy and do some unruly things. This thing appears many times in Tao Yuanming's poems. He wrote many poems with the theme of drinking. He wrote: "Autumn chrysanthemums are beautiful, and the dew sheds them to reveal their beauty. I forget my worries, and I am far away from the world." He likes chrysanthemum wine. This kind of wine may be It is a good thing to forget worries, or maybe he hopes to use this wine to forget his worries, but he is just using wine to relieve his sorrows and make them more sorrowful. It is all in vain. It is always easy for people to be unable to restrain themselves when they encounter something they like, and Tao Yuanming is no exception. Drinking chrysanthemum wine during the Double Ninth Festival is a traditional Chinese custom. Every household will brew chrysanthemum wine in advance. Tao Yuanming, who likes to do it himself, naturally also made chrysanthemum wine. However, the temptation of this wine was so great that Tao Yuanming drank all the wine before opening it. By the time of the Double Ninth Festival, the wine jar was empty and there was nothing left. In wine, he can find the freedom he yearns for. Under the numbness of wine, he can even have his Huangliang dream, imagining that he has displayed his talents, realized his ambitions, and successfully reached the pinnacle of life.
Compared with many literati who like calligraphy and painting, which are hobbies that cultivate their sentiments, Tao Yuanming's preferences are a bit different. He actually likes farming like a mountain farmer. In his eyes, he is not a rectangular figure in the literary world. He is too cold at high places and only knows how to write and write. He is down-to-earth and likes to grow crops. When he returned to his garden and fields, he liked to plow the fields with a hoe, wear a raincoat, and bring some farming tools. He would go out early and come back late at night, plowing the fields leisurely, fertilizing leisurely, and watering leisurely. So leisurely, he wrote Poems: "The grass is full of beans and the seedlings are sparse. In the morning, I clean up the wasteland and filth, and I return with the moon and the hoe. The road is narrow and the grass and trees are long, and the evening dew stains my clothes. It is not a pity to stain my clothes, but my wish is true." It doesn't matter if I wear the stars and the moon, as long as I do it Doing something you like is the greatest happiness. This kind of happiness is something that no one else can empathize with, only he understands it.
His interests and hobbies are wide-ranging. The biggest similarity between him and literati is that he likes poetry and books. He likes reading, reading makes people wise, reading makes people progress, and reading makes people full of wisdom. The talented Tao Yuanming likes reading very much, but his reading is a little different from others. Others read every word loudly and understand the meaning of every sentence, but Tao Yuanming is different. He does not worry about the meaning of each word, but just seeks to understand the general meaning. In our era, this may be criticized. People ridicule him for not being serious and paying attention, but what he wants is to be happy. He does not pursue the great knowledge and principles he can absorb when reading. He just wants to be happy. This small goal seems easy, but it is actually difficult. The relationship between books and people Meeting each other also depends on fate. He has read many books in his life, and there are not many books that he can really remember, and they are still fresh in his mind even after many years.
Many times I feel that he is like an ordinary idler around us. He is not so high in the mountains and can only watch from a distance but not chat. He is approachable and loves to walk. Just like when we take a walk after dinner, we stop and go, depending on our own preferences. When he is bored, he will walk out of his farmhouse with a cane, without a servant, and just walk around casually. I saw birds flying in groups in the sky and clouds rising from the sky. It's really comfortable to embrace nature. Breathing the fresh air in the fields and smelling the smell of the soil after the rain is really good. This kind of happiness is small, but it is also satisfying. It is so satisfying that he wants to be like this for the rest of his life. Same as that day.
In his eyes, gold and silver treasures are empty, and material life is not important to him at all. He even sneers at it. He will not give up for five buckets of rice, even if it is "a basket of food and a cup of drink." "In a back alley, people can't bear their worries, and they won't change their happiness even after returning home." He felt contented. Being in a back alley, as long as you are free and do whatever you want, it is the most beautiful place. What he values ????is always spiritual life, as long as he is spiritually rich. , it doesn’t matter even if you are down and out.
He has dreams, and those dreams are in "Peach Blossom Spring". "In the Taiyuan Dynasty of the Jin Dynasty, the people of Wuling were engaged in fishing. They walked along the stream and forgot the distance of the road. Suddenly they came across a peach blossom forest, hundreds of steps along the bank. There were no miscellaneous trees in the middle, the grass was delicious, and the fallen flowers were colorful. The fishermen were very surprised. . Walking forward again, if you want to reach the end of the forest, you will find a mountain. If there is light, you can leave the boat and enter through the mouth. Suddenly, the land is flat, the houses are neat, there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees, and people walking around. The men and women are all dressed like outsiders, and they are enjoying themselves. The man was shocked and asked where he came from. He wanted to return home and kill chickens for food. He heard about this person in the village and came to ask about it. In a desperate situation, he could not come out, so he was separated from outsiders. When he asked what time it was, he didn't know anyone from the Han Dynasty. Regardless of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, everyone was disappointed when he heard about it. Stop for a few days and then resign. One of the people said: "It's not enough for outsiders. After getting out and getting the boat, he helped him to the road and looked for it everywhere. When he went to the county, he went to the prefect and said so. The prefect immediately sent people to follow him in search of his desired direction, but he became lost and could no longer find his way. Nanyang Liu Ziji, a noble scholar, heard about it and went there happily. To no avail, those who seek illness end up with no further care.
"In just a few hundred words, it presents a paradise that is unforgettable. Thousands of years later, there are still people who want to find out. This kind of natural beauty, the beauty of life, and the beauty of human relationships are fascinating, but such a beautiful world is the place where people live. But it was Tao Yuanming who sighed. Real life was dark, so dark that he couldn't bear to look directly at it. He could only write down his best wishes in articles. This kind of vision was difficult to realize. He understood that, so he chose to live in the world. Far away, living the most ordinary life of a farmer, seemingly spending every day in an ordinary way, but his romantic spirit has never left him, otherwise why would he use wine to relieve his sorrows, why would he sigh so much. < /p>
Real romance is probably like this. Life makes people breathless, but he is willing to pursue his simplest little beauty as he wants in his own world. That's it. It seems ordinary, but it is The most rare and valuable.