Dragon, pan, and tiger occupy Jinling County, which has been prosperous and prosperous for six generations since ancient times. If the phoenix does not come to swim, the empty river will flow by itself. Go down to the whole Chu land and lift up the power of the Central Plains. It's a pity that the sky is full of grass and the foxes and rabbits sleep in the sunny suburbs. ——Song Dynasty·Kang Yu's "Bodhisattva's Order·Jinling Nostalgia for the Past" Bodhisattva's Order·Jinling Nostalgia for the Past
Song Dynasty Kang Yu's nostalgia for the past hurts the appreciation of the present
The Song Dynasty moved south, surrounding the issue of establishing the capital , there was a period of controversy.
In February of the third year of Jianyan (1129), the emperor was in Zhenjiang. At that time, the Jin army was planning to cross the Yangtze River and march south. The emperor summoned his ministers to ask for advice. Wang Yuan believed that Hangzhou was in danger of heavy rivers and advocated escaping to Hangzhou. Gaozong feared the enemy like a tiger, so this was exactly what he wanted. Zhang Shaoshangshu said: "Even if we can't suddenly fight for the Central Plains, we should go to Jinling, the capital, in order to recover due to the resources of Jiang, Huai, Shu, Han, Fujian and Guangzhou." The emperor refused to listen and went to Hangzhou. In July of the sixth year of Shaoxing (1136), Zhang Jun wrote: "The appearance in the southeast should not be more important than Jiankang (i.e. Jinling). It is actually the foundation of Zhongxing. It also makes people live here and look north to the Central Plains. They are always angry and do not dare to Lin'an (i.e. Hangzhou) is in a remote corner, and it is easy to have fun inside, but it is not enough to attract people from far and near. It is the heart of the Central Plains. Please come to Jiankang and appease the three armies in order to restore the situation. After getting better, he moved to Jinling the following year. But I returned to Hangzhou eight years ago. Zhang Shoujian said: "Jiankang has been the imperial capital since the Six Dynasties. It has a majestic atmosphere. It is based on the city to manage the Central Plains and defend against powerful enemies according to dangers. Your Majesty's table has not been warm, and now he is patrolling again. The army of Baisi and Sixth Army is suffering from inactivity." However, Gao Zongzheng was determined to negotiate peace with the Jin people and did not take the recovery of the lost land in the north as the great cause, and insisted on making Hangzhou his capital. In the same year, the Song and Jin Dynasties signed the "Shaoxing Peace Agreement", and Lin'an was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. (See "Moving the Capital to the South" in Volume 63 of "The Chronicles of the Song Dynasty") Kang Yu's poem was written during this historical period. The name "Nostalgic for the Past" actually means "hurting the present", and it is a sad sigh in response to the policy of escape and compromise pursued by the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time.
I have thought about it for thousands of years and written about Jinling in the long history. Jinling is surrounded by mountains and rivers. It is a beautiful place in the southeast. It has been the residence of emperors since Wu Sunquan established his capital here in the Three Kingdoms, through the Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties. The first two sentences summarize that splendid past to give others a head start. The four characters "dragons, pans, and tigers squatting" are used in the dictionary. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang went to Dongwu as an envoy and saw Jinling (then called Moling) Mountain Monument. He had a view of "Zhongshan dragons and pans, and stones and tigers squatting." See "Taiping Yulan". State and county departments. "Xu Kyoto" quoted from Zhang Bo's "Wu Lu" of Jin Dynasty. Nanjing's majestic mountains, rivers, and prosperous people are a perfect match and complement each other. However, the universe is infinite, mountains and rivers are there; there are countless ups and downs, and people and things are not there. More than three hundred years are just a blink of an eye in the face of eternal history. With the change of political power, the capital has not moved, and the prosperity of Jinling has become a historical monument. The two sentences of "Piao Feng" have a sudden drop in emotion, which is consistent with the so-called "Six generations of prosperity, darkly chasing away the sound of waves" in "Jiangchengzi" by Ouyang Jiong of the Later Shu Dynasty (the grass on the bank of Jinling was leveled in the evening), and "The sound of the passing waves is secretly chased by the sound of waves" by Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty in "Guizhixiang· The so-called "old things of the Six Dynasties flow with the flowing water" in "Jinling Nostalgia" have the same sentiment. It can be seen from the words that it is obviously an adaptation of Li Bai's poem "Ascending the Phoenix Terrace in Jinling": "The Phoenix travels on the Phoenix Terrace, and the phoenix leaves the platform and the empty river flows by itself." The phoenix is ??a light-colored phoenix bird. The former site of Phoenix Terrace is in Huazangang, Nanjing today. In the 16th year of Yuanjia (439), the reign of Emperor Wen of the Southern Dynasty, three birds flew here, shaped like peacocks, with five colors and harmonious singing. The birds flocked there, so this platform was built to commemorate their auspiciousness. See "Taiping Huanyu Ji·Jiangnan East Road·Shengzhou·Jiangning County" in the history of Song Dynasty. Since Li Bai's poems are well known to people, it is not difficult for readers to think of the famous lines and lines in the same poem, such as "Flowers and grass in the Wu palace are buried in the secluded path, and the clothes of the Jin Dynasty become ancient hills". When looking back at the parts, they become the whole, and the ten words bring out the meaning. A series of artistic conceptions, the prosperity of "luxury" in the past and the decline of desolation today, all kinds of pictures passed by at once. Moreover, "dragons, pans and tigers perch" are started from "mountain", and "river flows in the sky above the platform" are connected with "water knot", which is also very thoughtful.
The title "Jinling nostalgic for the past" means that the above four sentences are enough. However, the original intention of the poet is not to "reminisce about the past", but to "reminisce about the past". The purpose of "nostalgia for the past" is to "hurt the present", so Xia Qiu immediately transfers to this purpose. The two sentences "Xialin" have a view of thousands of miles and place Jinling in a favorable strategic position.
"Quan Chu Land" refers to the poem "Yun Hengquan Chu Land" written by Liu Changqing of the Tang Dynasty, "Yun Heng Guo Xia in the Changsha Pavilion", which generally refers to the area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, this was the hinterland of Chu State, hence the saying. "Baoju" means outflanking and capturing. The second sentence says that Jinling is a strategic location in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and together with the important towns in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, it forms a situation of outflanking the Central Plains. According to the military strategy at that time, if the Southern Song Dynasty wanted to make the Northern Expedition to regain the lost territory in the Central Plains, it could send troops in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, all the way from Ezhou (today's Wuhan City area) out of Jingxiang, going straight to the river; all the way from Jinling and other places out of Huainan, in a roundabout way Shandong. It would be especially good if an army were sent out from Hanzhong to capture Guan and Shaanxi and attack in three directions. The poet was able to speak highly of Jinling's important strategic position in the Northern Expedition, and cited Zhang Shao, Zhang Jun, and Zhang Shouzhi for their insight. Kang Yu's poem may be the speech of a politician or a writer. The words and ink all represent the military and people's morale at that time. The patriotic poems of the Southern Song Dynasty are closely connected with the aspirations of the nation and the people. At this point in the writing, the emotion of the words aroused again. However, "things are the same but people's hearts are different" (Xin Qiji's "Yu Meiren. The Same Father Meets and Reuses the Preceding Rhyme"), the ruling group of the Southern Song Dynasty headed by Gaozong only knew how to bow to the Jin people and seek peace, but did not know how to use the power of the people. They huddled in a corner of eastern Zhejiang, treating the natural dangers of the Yangtze River as a second courtyard wall and not taking advantage of Jinling's strategic location.
Faced with this cold reality, the poet's passion could not help but fall to the freezing point again. "It's a pity that the grass is everywhere, and the foxes and rabbits sleep in the sunny suburbs!" A long cry contained such heavy disappointment and pain. As a subject of the Southern Song Dynasty, the poet could not bluntly criticize the evil scales under the dragon's throat. However, he has vividly told future generations that the courage of the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty was inferior to that of the Six Dynasties! From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Liang and Chen Dynasties, although the civil and martial arts were not very prosperous, they still had the courage to make Jinling their capital to compete with the north, and they did not hide so far away.
The characteristic of this word is that it has eight sentences above and below, which are in sync with each other. It is divided into four levels, showing the ups and downs of "raising - suppressing - raising - suppressing". This kind of composition It is consistent with the poet's ups and downs of nostalgia for the past and sadness for the present. Kang Yu, whose courtesy name was Boke and whose name was Shun'an, was from Luoyang and lived in Huazhou (now Hua County, Henan). Life is unknown. Tao Anshi prefaced his poems and quoted him as saying: "In the past, I was in Luoxia. I received scriptures from Chao Sizhang Yi Dao and calligraphy from Chen Erzhang's uncle Yi." At the beginning of Jianyan period, Emperor Gaozong was stationed in Yangzhou, and he wrote " "Ten Strategies for ZTE" became famous for a while. When Qin Hui was in power, he attached himself to Hui to seek advancement. He became one of the ten guests of Hui's family, supervised the six departments of the Shangshu, and specially composed the lyrics. In the 17th year of Shaoxing (1147), he was promoted to be the military weapons supervisor and became the director of the Fujian Appeasement Department in charge of machine writing. After Hui's death, he was removed from his post and assigned to take charge of Qinzhou. In the twenty-eighth year, he moved to Leizhou and then to Xinzhou, where he died.
Kang Yu set the scene and asked where He Lao Jin is, and changed his voice several times. The sound of complaint has silenced the old voice, and the worldly ears only know that there are many hands, and there is no need to play. Broken string, who can tell? Wen Ji is seven years old. Try to teach the ball to make a rolling thunder, which should make the old man of Kaiyuan burst into tears. ——Su Shi, Song Dynasty, "Pop Pops·Pipa"
"Pop Pops·Pipa" The final scene of "Pop Pops·Pipa" is to greet Lao Jin, and the new voice has been changed several times. The sound of complaint has silenced the old voice, and the worldly ears only know that there are many hands, and there is no need to play.
If the string is broken, who can tell? Seven-year-old Wen Jixiao. Try to teach the ball to make a rolling thunder, which should make the old man of Kaiyuan burst into tears. The music is nostalgic for the past and hurts the present. The smoke trees and Baling Bridge are scattered, and the scenery is like the past. The decaying poplars and ancient willows have been climbed and broken many times, and they are haggard at the waist of Chu Palace. The sunset is leisurely and the autumn light is old, and I am full of thoughts of separation. A song of Yangguan, the sound of heartbreak is gone, and I am alone with my orchids. ——Song Dynasty·Liu Yong's "Youth Tour·Baling Bridge with Different Smoke Trees"
Youth Tour·Baling Bridge with Different Smoke Trees The scenery of the Baling Bridge with mixed smoke trees is as beautiful as the past. The decaying poplars and ancient willows have been climbed and broken many times, and they are haggard at the waist of Chu Palace.
The sunset is leisurely and the autumn light is old, and I am full of thoughts of separation. A song of Yangguan, the sound of heartbreak is gone, and I am alone with my orchids. Traveling in captivity, writing about scenery, parting and nostalgic for the past. Today, the Bian River flows eastwards for endless spring, and the palaces of the Sui family have turned into dust. Pedestrians should not go up to the long embankment to look out, for the wind blows and the flowers and flowers worry about killing people. ——Tang Dynasty·Li Yi's "Bianhe Meander"
Bianhe Meander The Bianhe River flows eastward with endless spring, and the palaces of the Sui family have become dust.
Pedestrians should not go up the long embankment to look, for the wind will blow and the flowers will kill people. Describing scenery, nostalgic for the past and regretting the present