Zhao Bingjun (1859—19 14), a native of Ruzhou, Henan Province, was a famous political figure in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. During his tenure as President of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai was promoted and reused as the third Premier of the State. He drafted police regulations and established a police school. He is the founder of modern police system in China.
Chinese name: Zhao Bingjun.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Ruzhou City, Henan Province
Date of birth: 1859
Date of death:1965438+February 26th, 2004.
Occupation: politician
Main achievements: The establishment of modern police system in China.
Representative Works: Letters from Zhao Bingjun to Zhou Fu in Qing Dynasty.
The life of the character
Zhao Bingjun was an orphan who lost his father in his early years and his mother died soon after. His family was so poor that he didn't even have a name when he was a child. Speaking of his surname, Zhao is the first surname among hundreds of surnames, and his name is the first person at the foot of the son of heaven (the king of the United States). His birthday is on the first day of the first month, and its authenticity cannot be verified. Zhao Bingjun has no children. He first adopted an adopted son, and later chose his cousin's second son as the heir to continue this system.
Under the pressure of poverty, Zhao Bingjun lived with his uncle in his childhood. He used to be a bookboy in an official family in his hometown. He is smart, tough and brave, and is very popular with his master. So he got the opportunity of self-study and mastered certain cultural knowledge. Plus, he was smart and capable since he was a child. He learned everything. When he was a waiter in his old shop, he helped a passing official repair a clock. Since then, Zhao Bingjun has been appreciated and valued by this official, so he took Zhao Bingjun out. Since then, Zhao Bingjun left his hometown and began to make a living.
1878, Zhao Bingjun scholar failed in the list, joined the left Chu army, and went to Xinjiang to pacify the Akuba rebellion. He was transferred to Jiayuguan's army Zhang Yao and his men, and entered Xinjiang. He fought bravely in the East and made great achievements by riding horses. He was buried in the Gobi desert for three days in his early years. Fortunately, he didn't die, but he was seriously injured and left a disability. It is said that. During the recovery of Yili, Zhao Bingjun participated in the survey and negotiation of the Sino-Russian border. In view of its outstanding performance in the rebellion in Xinjiang, Zhao Bingjun was appointed as the canon history of Xinle County. During this time, he was known as "good at catching" in officialdom.
Zhao Bingjun's entry into military and political affairs is also related to Yuan Shikai. Zhao Bingjun specializes in detective police and has great wit. Yuan Shikai is a hero who is training in a small station. He pulled Zhao out of the grass and was highly valued. Since then, Zhao has always been a think tank around Yuan Shikai and is deeply trusted by Yuan.
1900, the Boxer Rebellion rose and Eight-Nation Alliance invaded. Zhao Bingjun was appreciated by Yuan Shikai for his meritorious service in arresting the Boxer Rebellion, and he was guaranteed to stay in Zhili to make up for it.
After Li Hongzhang became governor of Zhili, Yuan Shikai appointed Zhao Bingjun as governor of Baoding, with the position of magistrate as backup, and added the title of salt envoy. During his tenure, Zhao Bingjun bought and read books about foreign police system translated by Shanghai Bookstore, and gained more knowledge. Zhao Bingjun and Yuan Shikai's Japanese police adviser, Mihura Xichuan, drew up police regulations, established a police academy and recruited 500 patrolmen, which were distributed in and outside Baoding, and achieved remarkable results.
After Eight-Nation Alliance's retreat, Yuan Shikai appointed Zhao Bingjun as the general manager of the Governor's Bureau in the southern section of Tianjin, Japanese Jiro Ito as his deputy, and former James Tien-san as his consultant. Zhao established the earliest modern police system in China in Tianjin, and founded the Tianjin Guard and Tianjin Police Academy. Soon, two patrol schools in Tianjin and Baoding merged, renamed Beiyang patrol school, and set up patrol training institutes in various counties.
After Yuan Shikai was transferred as Minister of Military Affairs, Zhao Bingjun founded the Governor's Office in Beijing and was promoted to assistant minister. After the Qing government reformed the official system, the inspection department was changed to the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Rites, the Taichang Temple and the Split Temple merged.
Yuan Shikai wanted to force the Qing court to abdicate, but he didn't want to take the blame, so he secretly asked Zhao Bingjun and others to come forward. Zhao Bingjun knew this was a godsend opportunity to please Yuan, so he tried his best to force the Empress Dowager and Puyi to abdicate, and the Empress Dowager just dragged on crying. At the headquarters meeting, Zhao Bingjun proposed that the North and South governments abdicate at the same time and organize an interim government in Tianjin. The princes and ministers were silent, and the Manchurian teenagers opposed it. Zhao Bingjun snapped, "There will be a meeting today and a meeting tomorrow. So far, the cabinet has to resign! " When he left, the princes and nobles of Manchuria turned pale with fear. Afterwards, Zhao Bingjun simply put on a showdown, threatening the Queen Mother Yulong, saying that if she can take the initiative to abdicate and guarantee preferential treatment to the royal family, otherwise the revolutionary party will issue a death warrant, and "something will happen". At this time, the real power and army of the Qing court were firmly controlled by Yuan Shikai, so the helpless Jade Dragon Queen Mother had to comply.
Because of Zhao's loyalty to Yuan and his authority, Zhao Bingjun played a great role in persuading the Qing court to abdicate. After the Revolution of 1911, Yuan Shikai handed over the position of the first government interior chief to Zhao Bingjun.
After Yuan Shikai became the provisional president of the Republic of China, Zhao Bingjun made great contributions and rewarded him. Zhao was appointed as the Minister of Interior in the Tang cabinet. Soon, he was forced to resign and his successor was impeached by the House of Representatives. Zhao Bingjun became the third Prime Minister of Yuan Shikai in August 19 12. During Zhao Bingjun's tenure as prime minister, Yuan Shikai organized the Beiyang warlord government to implement dictatorship and ordered his cronies to assassinate revolutionaries. At this time, Zhao Bingjun naturally became Yuan Shikai's royal tool.
Why did Zhao Bingjun, who did a decent job in policing, suddenly become the prime minister of China? This is because Tang, the prime minister of 1, is also a confidant of Yuan Shikai. Unfortunately, he studied in the United States and was influenced by American democratic ideas, so he couldn't get along with President Yuan Shikai and had to leave on his own. After leaving the position, Yuan Shikai didn't trust anyone and finally became the prime minister of Zhao Bingjun.
The mystery of stabbing song
Cause of incident
Song was an important political figure in the early years of the Republic of China and a veteran of the League. In order to realize the idea of the party cabinet, he sought to unite small parties into big parties, and on the basis of the League, he combined * * with the party, the National League, the Kuomintang and the True League to reorganize into the Kuomintang. The composition of the Kuomintang, Song's planning and contribution is the greatest, so it became the actual leader.
Yuan Shikai instructed Zhao Bingjun to join the League in order to spy out the truth and falsehood within the Revolutionary Party, and kept close contact with Song Dynasty. Song lived outside Beijing and often went to town at night to chat privately in the secret room of Zhao Bingjun, and didn't leave until dawn. Song praised Zhao's omnipotence with statesmanship, and promised him to be prime minister and even president after the establishment of the National Assembly. Zhao Bingjun also praised Song as the leader of the big party and organized the party cabinet. Song sometimes confided the secrets of the Party to him, and Zhao Bingjun also told him all the details of Beiyang, but he seemed to have nothing to hide, so they had sex.
The murder case in Song Dynasty was a major case that sensationalized the whole country in the early years of the Republic of China, and various rumors involved Zhao Bingjun.
event
1965438+On the evening of March 20th, 2003, Shanghai Huning Railway Station. Song and his party walked from the waiting room to the ticket gate. Suddenly, a short man jumped out of the shadow, aimed at Song, raised his hand and shot, and then quickly fled the train station. The news spread and the whole country shook, and the Jiangsu Provincial Public Security Department was duty-bound to shoulder the heavy responsibility of detecting and arresting the murderer.
The murder case of the Song Dynasty took place in Shanghai and was detected by the concession patrol room. Since the case was detected, the China government has been committed to extraditing the case to the China police for trial. The Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice and the Jiangsu police worked together in Beijing to hand over all the documents, physical evidence and criminals of the Song case to the Chinese side.
The Song case caused a sensation throughout the country. After receiving the relevant evidence, the police quickly found out that it was related to Zhao Bingjun and Yuan Shikai. The people of the whole country were shocked and public opinion was in an uproar. 1965438+On April 30, 2003, Liang Shiyi, Secretary-General of the Presidential Palace, suggested to Yuan Shikai: "Only when Zhao Bingjun is removed from his post and replaced by Tang, can this matter be eased. As for whether Zhao Bingjun is suspected, it can be alleviated after the people judge. "
Event influence
Yuan Shikai adopted Liang Shiyi's suggestion and immediately dismissed Zhao. At the beginning, he was to be replaced by Tang. Later, he was replaced by Duan's chief army as Prime Minister. Zhao Bingjun's post as Chief of the Interior Department is represented by Yan Dunyuan, the second chief.
Doubt of the event
Zhao Bingjun has been an official for many years. He is in charge of police and civil affairs all the year round. He is quite law-abiding. He has no special misdeeds and notoriety. He had little motive to kill Song. If he only wants to be prime minister, where should I go? This absurd reason seems to be an inference that is difficult to convince the public.
Relevant historical materials recorded in detail Zhao Bingjun's first reaction after the Song case. On the morning of March 2 19 13, the State Council was holding a the State Council meeting. The director of parliamentary election affairs suddenly broke into the meeting room and reported to Premier Zhao that there was a call from Shanghai at Qianmen Station. Song was shot in Shanghai Station last night and could not be rescued. This is the earliest telegram that Beijing got about the assassination of Song. Premier Zhao Bingjun was shocked and immediately left the meeting and walked around the long table several times. He said to himself, "If people say I killed Song, it's not that I betrayed my friend. How can you count people? " None of the chiefs spoke. At this moment, suddenly received a notice, Yuan Shikai invited Premier Zhao Bingjun, and Zhao Bingjun hurried to see Yuan Shikai.
Judging from these on-site records, it seems that the assassination of Song was beyond Zhao's expectation, and he didn't know it beforehand. If he had heard of the plan to assassinate Song in advance, he would never have such a strong sense of surprise that he was seriously gaffed.
Zhao Bingjun's death.
Yuan Shikai and Zhao Bingjun didn't know how to manipulate the first parliamentary election. As a result, the Kuomintang gained an advantage, winning nearly half of the seats and becoming the largest party in Congress. Song is full of ambition and ready to go to Beijing as prime minister. Unexpectedly, a samurai was killed halfway and fired two shots at the most effective leader of the Kuomintang. Later Prime Minister Song died of his injuries. The news spread and the whole country shook. Of course, the central authorities want to conduct a thorough investigation in Jiangsu, and the Jiangsu Public Security Department has really conducted a thorough investigation. As a result, the murderer was really found out. Find out step by step, the commander behind is Ying Guixin, and there should be a lot of letters and telegrams between Hong Shuzu, secretary of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and Prime Minister Zhao Bingjun. In this way, Zhao Bingjun was suspected. Then, Wu Shiying died inexplicably, Ying Guixin died inexplicably, and finally, Zhao Bingjun died inexplicably.
Only three days after Song was assassinated in Shanghai, the Shanghai police caught the informant Ying Guixin and the murderer Wu Shiying. The efficiency is amazing. After Ying Guixin, the murderer and warrior, was arrested, he found a secret telegram and a secret letter handed to him by Zhao Bingjun, as well as many letters and telegrams instructed by Hong Shuzu, Secretary General of the Ministry of the Interior, to assassinate Ying Guixin. Therefore, Zhao Bingjun resigned as Prime Minister. After that, Ying Guixin escaped from Shanghai and fled to Beijing, asking Yuan Shikai for the reward for the assassination of Song and the promised office. Yuan Shikai personally sent Hao Zhanyi, the chief detective of the military and political law enforcement agency, to kill Ying Guixin with an electric knife in Yangcun, along the Beijing-Tianjin railway. Zhao Bingjun was dissatisfied with Yuan Shikai's treacherous behavior and vicious killer. While secretly sending a telegram to assassinate Hao Zhanyi, the murderer of Ying Guixin, he complained to Yuan Shikai: "Who dares to do things for you in the future?"
Yuan Shikai pretended not to know how to pass the buck. On the surface, he kept friendly with Zhao Bingjun and appointed Zhao Bingjun as the governor of Zhili. However, in his mind, he has developed an aversion to Zhao Bingjun. On the morning of February 27th, 19 14, Zhao Bingjun burst into tears in his private house. "The governor died of illness!" The news spread like wildfire, and Zhao Bingjun was only 55 years old at this time. At that time, all the major newspapers reported that Zhao Bingjun was suddenly poisoned in the Governor's Office of Zhili, Tianjin, "diarrhea and dizziness, fainting and falling to the ground", and he bled to death. More lively newspaper said that Zhao Bingjun's death was "19 13 instructed by Yuan Shikai to arrange spies to assassinate Song. When the case came to light, he was appointed governor of Zhili. Yuan Shikai poisoned him the following year. "
After Zhao Bingjun's death, Yuan Shikai learned the news and immediately ordered Zhu Jiabao and his second son Yuan to be sent to Tianjin for funeral service according to the general's regulations, and gave the funeral service silver 1 10,000 yuan. General Yin Chang and Secretary-General Liang Shiyi were sent to mourn the memorial hall and sent a memorial hall with the words "I care about Liang Zuo". After Yuan proclaimed himself emperor, he made Zhao a first-class loyal minister. In the face of such courtesy, is it true that Zhao Bingjun's death was secretly murdered by Yuan Shikai? The statement that Zhao Bingjun died at the hands of Yuan Shikai is a historical mystery, and there is no conclusive evidence. The so-called things happen for a reason, and there is no evidence. A truly rigorous history book can only end with "doubt" at most. In fact, if Yuan really deals with Zhao, one may be to punish his incompetence, and the other may be worried that he has something against Yuan. Of course, there is also the consideration of "killing his mouth", which comes from Yuan's careful consideration. Whether he is resolute or hasty seems to have nothing to do with Yuan's real intention.
Zhao Bingjun knew about Yuan Shikai's murder before he died, afraid of implicating his family and afraid to tell anyone. He only "told me to be buried at the foot of the tomb, closer to the late emperor". After Zhao Bingjun's death, his family buried him near Guangxu Mausoleum at the southern foot of Xinglong Mountain in Lianggezhuang and moved to Xinglong Temple. Outside the temple is his ancestral temple, and there are still sites.
19 14 (3 years of the Republic of China) On February 27th, Zhao Bingjun died of a stroke at the age of 56. Zhao Chunyou, the grandson of Zhao Bingjun, mentioned in his letter to Ruzhou people on May 20 19 14 that "our ancestors died on February 27, 2004, which actually started at the end of February 26, which should be the second day of the second lunar month. Since the Secretary-General of the Ministry of Supervision telephoned President Yuan on 27th, the original telegram said that he had diarrhea and dizziness, collapsed to the ground, and died without bleeding from seven holes. It is the beginning of Beiyang Group's alienation that later generations spread stories, adding branches and leaves in vain, making people suspect that Yuan was involved in harm. In fact, he died of a stroke, the so-called cerebral hemorrhage, lying on the bed in the inner dormitory. This was witnessed by his family at the time and there was no vomiting blood. "
Personal work
Letters from Zhao Bingjun to Zhou Fu in Qing Dynasty
Commentary: Your Excellency, my dear friend, Mr. Qiu Fu, established a real estate company through joint venture when my brother was idle. Please send Dong 'an Market to the commercial office before, and the official payment will be paid in full, and it will be approved. There is no doubt about the discussion in the museum. Brother Zhonghe hasn't been in a new place for a long time, so he won't be biased. You don't know the situation, my brother can't come forward to ask, or even agree. However, this matter can only be expressed in words, and there is no need to be reasonable. The reason is between feasible and infeasible. I think my brother should laugh when he hears it, and he can't help laughing. Look at this market again, which is what officials advocate today. At that time, the official position was for business, not profit; The scale has been established and the business force can do it. It is still in operation, and it is sincere to both parties. I am deeply convinced and intend to entrust my brother to Zhong He. Love is mundane, it takes a lot of efforts to thank, and everyone's heart is endless.
Brother Zhao Bingjun/Kloc-debuted on 0/9.
social influence
According to historical records, Zhao Bingjun was "shrewd, tough and cautious by nature".