Hong's works
Let's briefly introduce Hongzai's life. Hong's ancestral home is Anhui, and a son-in-law went to Changzhou and later settled in Changzhou, Jiangsu. Hong was born in 1746. He was accompanied by his mother and his father died young. However, Hong studies very hard, especially in geography, which is appreciated by many people. Unfortunately, Hong took several imperial examinations in succession and failed every time. He went to Anhui, Shaanxi and other places to be an official, but he still didn't give up the imperial examination. It was not until 1790 that Hong was 44 years old that he was lucky enough to win the Jinshi. So his official position was different, and he was promoted to the Royal Academy of Sciences and the National Museum of History.
At the age of 46, Hong worked as an examiner in the local area and later came to work in Guizhou. At the age of 49, Hong returned to Beijing and worked in the upper study. At the age of 52, Hong wrote a letter criticizing the government. The government banned him. He also knew that his brother's death was an excuse for his return to his hometown. At the age of 53, college student Zhu Gui took a fancy to him and hired him. He edited and revised the records of the emperor. In the same year, I wrote to the court. This time, the court was very angry, and it was originally intended to be sentenced to death. Later, he was exiled to Yili, Xinjiang 100 day, and then returned to his hometown Changzhou. Hong died of illness at the age of 63.
The introduction to Hong also includes his literary achievements. Hong's works are characterized by temperament, landscape and parallel prose. Among them, the most famous are Poems of Beijiang River and Brother Tian Shan.
What kind of person is Hong?
Historically, Hong confessed his shortcomings in front of Emperor Jiaqing and angered him. Jiaqing imprisoned him and sentenced him to death. When his life was dying, Emperor Jiaqing pardoned him and exiled him to Yili. After 0/00 days in exile, he was released to go home.
Hong calligraphy
Throughout Hong's life, it can be said to be ups and downs. So what kind of person is Hong? Why did Emperor Jiaqing kill him and then forgive him?
The reason why Emperor Jiaqing wanted to execute Hong was to deter him. After he killed Xiao Shenyang and opened the door to convenience, more and more officials began to write letters accusing the emperor of various shortcomings. The relaxation of laws and regulations is the result of the emperor's inaction, and his words imply criticism. Hong is just one of them. Seeing so many people speak ill of him, Emperor Jiaqing took Hong as an example to convict him, so that others dared not criticize him with more extreme words.
From this history, we can see what kind of person Hong is. He is an ordinary speaker, but he is unfortunate. He was taken as an example by Emperor Jiaqing. After being pardoned, Hong devoted himself to studying literature and wrote many articles, some of which were about the harm of rapid population growth. He was one of the earliest scholars who studied demography. At this point in writing, it is not difficult to see what kind of person Hong is. His optimistic and positive attitude towards life has made him achieve extraordinary achievements in his originally unfortunate life. Even though he was sent to the frontier, he still didn't give up his creation and eventually became a famous writer.
Hong's population thought
Hong was born and raised in the Qing Dynasty, and the policy at that time was "enriching the people and not collecting grain". This policy promoted fertility to some extent, so the population at that time reached a new height in history. During the Yongzheng period, the policy of "dividing people into temples" was implemented, and the population was no longer linked to tax payment. A large number of people joined the household registration system. Since then, the population has lost control like a runaway wild horse. The proportion of population growth is rare in history. At that time, Hong put forward his population thought.
Hong's works
The main content of Hong's population thought was to put forward a set of absolute overpopulation theory which was most in line with the feudal society at that time during the period of people's livelihood. He believes that the population is growing too fast, but if the corresponding land, houses and resources are not properly improved, it will be a huge disaster. It has been proved that the growth rate of resources lags far behind the growth rate of population, and people's living standards will inevitably decline. Hong's population thought also points out that population growth will bring more social problems, because inflation may make an industrious person unable to make a living, and families with many children will also bring more family conflicts.
Hong's population thought also raises the question of how to control the population. He believes that we should start from two aspects, one is nature, and the other is people. Natural and man-made disasters will inevitably lead to population decline, but the population decline is very small. Therefore, the state needs to regulate and control, reclaim wasteland, transfer labor force, reduce taxes, try to reduce people's pressure and achieve the effect of population control.
Hong's life is a special period of the Qing Dynasty from prosperity to decline. At that time, he was keenly aware of the impact of population growth and analyzed it from many aspects. This theory also guides the current social development.
Hong's achievements
Hong was a writer and economist in Qing Dynasty. He studied hard and worked hard since he was a child, but life was not smooth. Although he was appreciated in his early years, he failed in the exam. Finally, I got a good ranking and was able to contribute my ability to middle age. In his later years, he also taught his great-grandchildren. Hong has made many achievements in population theory, and the famous Theory of Population is one of them.
Hong map
Hong lived in an embarrassing period when the Qing Dynasty began to decline. Most officials at that time didn't care about people's livelihood and didn't have long-term considerations. In the era of Gan Long, the population of China grew very rapidly, which never happened in any previous dynasty. Some keen scholars have noticed that this phenomenon will affect the future development of society, so they put forward Hong's population theory. Hong's idea is to gradually control the population through gentle methods, not violent methods. Hong's population theory still has a warning effect on today's society.
As a writer, Hong's achievements are also outstanding. Proficient in Hong's temperament, good at writing poems and parallel prose. Many of his works are catchy and literary. In addition, Hong is also a person who likes to travel everywhere. He has been to many places in China, and most of his poems are related to rivers and mountains. During his exile, he wrote An Daozhong, Tian, You Toutai and Forty-two Poems of Ili Chronicle. These are all descriptions of the scenery outside the Great Wall. They have a unique style and use things to express their feelings. Today, they still have great literary value.