This article is the first text of Classical Chinese Unit 2, a compulsory Chinese course for senior high school published by People's Education Press, and it is an article of remembering and reasoning with the following two classical Chinese. "Preface to Lanting Collection" describes the beautiful scenery of Lanting, expresses the feelings of life, describes the scenery with natural interest and profound reasoning. The following is the excellent teaching design of Preface to Lanting Collection, which I compiled for you. Welcome to refer to ~
1. Teaching objectives
1. Understand the writing characteristics of the preface, master the ambiguity of classical Chinese words such as "revision, period, reason, pitch", and accumulate flexible use of parts of speech and several special sentence patterns in the text.
2, dredge the meaning of the text, clarify the thinking structure of the article, and improve the reading ability of classical Chinese.
3. Taste the short, beautiful, simple and fresh language in the text.
4. Through intentional reading, emotional reading and aesthetic reading, we can deeply understand the content of the article and understand the author's thoughts and feelings contained in the article.
second, the key points and difficulties of teaching
1. Understand the writing characteristics of the preface, master the ambiguity of classical Chinese words such as "revision, period, cause, reason, pitch", and accumulate flexible use of parts of speech and special sentence patterns in the text.
2. Through intentional reading, emotional reading and aesthetic reading, we can deeply understand the content of the article and understand the author's thoughts and feelings contained in the article.
III. Bibliography recommendation
Celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, Wang Xie's Family and Tao Ling of Taoyuan, like drinking, not doing things in the world, often "holding a cup to win the glory, praising the aged far away", "taking lightness as the economy" and taking seclusion as the higher philosophy, thus creating the legendary Preface to Lanting and the "Wei and Jin demeanor". As a result, talking clearly, medicine and wine gradually became popular in Wei and Jin dynasties. This popularity is actually a cultural personality popularity. Do you want to know why? Then read Lu Xun's famous work "The Relationship between Wei and Jin Manners and Literature, Medicine and Wine".
iv. Text teaching
(1) Brief introduction of the author, preface and cultural knowledge. (Multimedia delivery)
1. Author.
Wang Xizhi (33-361), whose name was Yi Shao, was named Dan Zhai. The official to the general of the right army, who will review the internal history, is a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and is respected as a "book saint" by later generations. As a former general of the right army, he was known as "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji".
2. Preface: Also known as "Preface", "Preface" and "Introduction", it is an article placed before the text of the book. The preface written by the author himself is called "self-preface", which mostly explains the purpose of writing a book and the process of writing it; The preface written by others is called "Preface", which introduces and comments on the ideological content and artistic characteristics of the book.
In ancient times, there was a "preface to a gift", which was a farewell message, and its contents were mostly words of praise, emphasis or encouragement to the relatives and friends given. For example, Song Lian's "Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang" was a preface written by the author to the younger generation in his hometown. There is also a "preface to poetry", which is a kind of preface written in front of poetry, which tells more about the content of the story or the origin of the poem, such as a preface in front of Peacock Flying Southeast in Han Yuefu.
there is another kind of preface, which is different from the preface of giving, and is not specially written for poetry, but writes more about the scenes of grand events and the joy of feasting. This kind of preface is called "preface to banquet collection" or "preface to banquet tour". Celebrities in ancient times often held banquets to invite friends to get together and compose poems together. After the poems were finished, one person was recommended as a preface. This is the case with Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection.
3. Cultural knowledge.
(1) chronology of trunk and branch.
The chronology of branches and branches is a kind of chronology in ancient China. That is, the chronology is composed of ten stems (A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui) and twelve branches (Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai) in order. Such as Jia Zi and Yi Chou, returned to Jia Zi after 6 years. It goes on and on, and it goes on and on. This method is still in use. In this paper, the "age is ugly", that is, the heavenly stems are ugly and the earthly branches are ugly.
other ancient chronologies: ① the chronology of princes (the 16th year of Zhao Huiwen's reign); ② the chronology of emperors' titles (the spring of the fourth year of the Qing Dynasty); ③ the combination of titles (the autumn day of the apocalypse).
(2) repair.
an ancient custom, offering water as a sacrifice to eliminate bad omen, was chosen on the third day of the third lunar month. Xiumao is a legacy of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. "Zhou Li Chun Guan": "When a witch is old, she will get rid of the customs." Directed by the witch, she bathed in the morning of March and prayed for disaster relief. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Records of Etiquette, says: "It is the fourth day of the month, and the officials and the people are all clean on the east running water. It is said that washing and removing dirt are great cleanliness." To get rid of dirt is to get rid of old diseases.
On the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion:
On March 3rd, 9th, Yonghe, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi, Xie 'an, Sun Chuo and other 42 scholars and celebrities held a meeting on the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Zhejiang Province. Everyone sat beside the meandering water, and through the swirling stream, he filled the wine and put it on the water. Drinking and writing poems is a grand event.
(2) lead in the text.
Speaking of Wang Xizhi, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, his calligraphy is the first one. Please enjoy the Preface to Lanting Collection (projection display). How do the students feel after reading it? People in the Eastern Jin Dynasty commented on Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style as "floating like a cloud, as agile as a dragon", which means as elegant as a cloud and as agile as a dragon. This Preface to Lanting Collection is not only a masterpiece of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art, but also a masterpiece of China's ancient prose. It has 324 words, beautiful words and concise words, and it can really be described as "Qi Fei's pen and ink luster and connotation"! Let's study together and enjoy this famous article.
(3) word arrangement.
1. Try reading and correct pronunciation.
Gui Chou (guǐ) Xiu Zi (x) Liu Yi (shāng) Qu (qū) Shui Gai (hái) You can travel in a leisurely way (chěng) Qi Peng's funeral (shāng) Ji Ji (kuài) (jī j Ρ).
(1) Explain the meanings of the following polysemous words.
① one: a, one poem and one chant are enough to talk about the intimate relationship. One: ... while ...
b, each sense of the reason why the past people were excited, if they are in harmony. One: together
C, so I am pregnant, and it leads to one. One: the same
D, knowing that a dead life is a false birth. One: treat it as the same
② Episode: a. Preface of Lanting Episode. Collection: poetry collection
B, a collection of talented people, but few are long and salty. Set: gather
③ So: A, so you can enjoy yourself, so: used for ...
B, so you can enjoy yourself, and it will bring you one. Therefore, the reason for
(2) flexible use of parts of speech.
① the clear current is swift and turbulent. (adjectives are used as nouns, fast-flowing water)
② Take it for granted that flowing water is meandering. (The causative usage of verbs makes ... flow)
③ Make an admonition and chant. (noun as verb, drinking)
④ As an old saying goes, a dead life is a false birth. The use of numerals in conation regards ... as the same.
⑤ Qi Peng's death was a mistake. (The conative usage of adjectives regards ... as equal)
(3) Classical Chinese sentence patterns.
① life and death are great. (True or False)
② (The crowd) will meet at the Lanting in the mountains of Huiji. (subject ellipsis sentence, adverbial postposition sentence)
③ Wu Yan (in) is in the same room, or because he is entrusted by the post, he is out of the shape. (prepositional ellipsis)
④ It can't be compared to the bosom. (prepositional structure is postpositioned)
(4) Understanding the meaning of the text.
Read the full text, sort out the content levels, find out the words that reflect the author's feelings at all levels, and summarize the main points at all levels.
clear: the first floor (paragraphs 1 and 2): describe the grand occasion of the banquet-music.
the second floor (the third paragraph): express the feelings of life after the banquet-pain.
the third level (4th paragraph): explain the purpose of the preface-sadness.
(5) language analysis.
1. Find out the sentences describing scenery in paragraphs 1 and 2 and taste the beauty.
(1) There are mountains and mountains, lush forests and bamboo trees, as well as clear water and rapids, which are reflected around. (2) it is also a sunny day, and the weather is clear and pleasant.
the scenery is "beautiful". By using the technique of line drawing, it shows the majestic momentum and deep quietness of the forest here, while the clean and clear clear streams and the swift flowing water with flying flowers and jade splashing make this place fly with the spirit of beauty. The sound of water is ringing, the sky is clear, the breeze is blowing on your face, things are assimilated with me, and people's hearts will become smart and refreshing. Believe in coke!
2. What kind of life feeling does this sentence express? "I'm delighted with it, and between pitching and pitching, it's a thing of the past, but I still have to be happy with it, and the situation will be improved with the times, and it will end in the end."
People have different personalities and ideals, but they all indulge in temporary happiness and pursue temporary satisfaction. However, unconsciously, time has passed, and times have changed. The good happiness of the past is a thing of the past and cannot be kept by you and me forever. Here, the author gives a sigh of joy and short life.
3. What kind of life and death view does the author express?
The author thinks that although people's life span can only depend on nature, life is life, living can enjoy beauty, death is death, and there is nothing after death. Living and dying are important events in life, and they cannot be equated. It implies that we should do something practical in our lifetime, and it is not appropriate to talk about Hyunri.
★ What other sentences do you think can impress you? Please write down your understanding and bring it to class to communicate with your classmates. For example, "I think that flowing water is the second place, and although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to talk about < P > the intimate feelings." There are few adjectives, but all the important details in the banquet are written out, which also shows the elegance of the participants.
For example, "Emotion is tied to things, and emotion is tied to it." It tells people's common feelings throughout the ages: when recalling the past, although the feelings have changed, it is inevitable to have such feelings.
Another example is: "Mourning over the Writing", which describes many people's * * * same experience when reading ancient articles, that is, they have an emotional * * * with the author.
v. classroom inquiry
(1) exploration of key points and difficulties.
The teaching here focuses on the inquiry learning on the basis of guiding students to "love reading". For example: ① Read aloud and pay attention to the rhythm. Like: Meeting in/Meeting in Shanyin/Lanting. There are/are/are mountains here. Looking up/the universe is big, looking down/the category is prosperous.
knowing/one/life and death/behavior/false birth, qi/Peng Yi/behavior/false work. ② Pay attention to emotional changes when reading aloud. For example, the sentences from "Nine Years of Yonghe" to "Repairing Things" are described smoothly and can be read in a soothing tone; To "a group of sages is complete, and a few are long and salty", the rhythm is brighter; In the third paragraph, because it is to express my views on the joys and sorrows of life, I should read it in a gentle and low tone, and stress "big" and "pain" in a sigh tone; In the fourth paragraph, we should read the critical tone, and "sadness" should be spit out slowly and reread.
1. Read paragraphs 1 and 2 of the article. Research: The author says "I believe in cola". Excuse me, where does "joy" come from?
Health: Happiness comes from "the beginning of late spring" and "the sky is clear, the wind is pleasant and smooth", from "lofty mountains, lush forests, bamboo cultivation, and a clear stream, reflecting the left and right", from "a group of wise people arrive, but few are long and salty", and from "thinking that the water is flowing."
Teacher: (Praise the above speech first, and then analyze it further) Wang Shifu's The West Chamber sings: "Where is the beautiful scenery when it is beautiful?", which shows that there are four beauties in life: beauty, beauty, pleasure and pleasure. It is precisely because of these "four beauties" that the author "believes in cola".
2. Students read the third paragraph of the article by themselves according to the "guidance of emotional reading", and explore: The author said, "Isn't it painful?" Then why is he "painful"?
clear: the pleasure of the banquet mentioned above is to serve and pave the way for the discussion in this paragraph and the next paragraph. The author associates the joy of banquets with two different living conditions of people. Some people are quiet, talking about metaphysics and enlightenment, "realizing words in one room", and some people are manic, "wandering outside". Although their personalities and behaviors are quite different, "when they are happy with what they meet, they are temporarily satisfied with themselves and quickly become self-sufficient", they will be intoxicated with temporary happiness and pursue temporary satisfaction. However, unconsciously, time has passed, "I don't know that the old age is coming" and "things change with the times". The beauty of the past has become an old trace, and people can't keep it forever. Thinking of this, the author is "sentimental": life is full of joy and life is short! Moreover, the length of life, its existence and extinction, is not subjective, it depends on the nature. Because of this, the author lamented that "it hurts!" "Pain" is born.
3. Students read paragraph 4 with emotion, and explore: The author in this paragraph shows "sadness". Is "sadness" the same as "pain"? Why is the author "sad"?
clear: different. The author's "sadness" is closely related to his outlook on life. Buddhists and Taoists always "live to the death" and "mourn for Qi Peng", and regard life and death as nihilistic and detached, but "we", the scholars who "help the world", should cherish life and realize their ambitions. Because of this, the author thinks that the outlook on life of "one death and one life" and "Qi Peng's sorrow" is hypocritical and ridiculous, so I "look at the reasons why the ancients were excited" and "grieve" the ancients; The author also "mourns" future generations, and "the future looks at the present, and the present also looks at the past". Future generations read "I" articles as if "I" read ancient people's articles. The "sadness" here is different from the "pain" in the previous paragraph, but a rational reflection on the individual's pain, which is a more profound emotion from being sorry for others.
(2) expand the exploration.
people think that this article contains positive emotions in a low mood. Do you agree with it? Can you tell me the reasons?
Cuddle: In the first and second paragraphs, the author described the environment of this gathering simply and elegantly, and captured its charm: the sky is clear, the wind is pleasant and smooth. All these show the author's happy temperament and love for natural beauty.
In the third paragraph, although the author deeply regrets that time flies and life is short, there is an attachment and love for life between the lines.
in the fourth paragraph, the author criticizes the nihilism of Zhuang Zhou's "death and life" and "Qi Peng's grief" while describing the ancients, present and future generations and lamenting the impermanence of life, which can also be regarded as positive.
VI. Class summary
"The dead are so indifferent, they don't give up day and night", "It's okay to die in the evening when you hear the Tao", "Life is a hero, and death is a hero". The issue of life and death has always been the focus of literature and philosophy. In Preface to Lanting Collection, a generation of book sage Wang Xizhi left us with fresh, simple and beautiful language his persistent exploration of life philosophy. The article sighs: "Life and death are great, so it hurts!" It embodies his deep sense of life hardship and profound insight into the limitations of life. So, from nature,