1. Zhao Meng_
Zhao Meng_ (October 20, 1254 - July 30, 1322), named Zi'ang, Han nationality, also known as Songxue Taoist? His name was Crystal Palace Taoist, Ou Bo, and he was once assigned to Meng Fu in his middle age.
A native of Wuxing, Zhejiang (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). A famous calligrapher, painter, and poet from the late Southern Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty, he was the eleventh grandson of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin and the direct descendant of Qin King Zhao Defang.
In the twenty-third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), Zhao Meng was recommended by Cheng Jufu, the censor of Xingtai, and rushed to Beijing. He was respected by the four dynasties of Yuan Shizu, Wuzong, Renzong and Yingzong.
He has successively served as a bachelor of Jixian, the general manager of Jinan Road, a Confucian promoter in Jiangsu and Zhejiang and other places, and a bachelor of Imperial Academy.
In his later years, he gradually retired and begged to return home in the sixth year of Yan_ (1319). In the second year of Zhizhi (1322), Zhao Meng passed away at the age of sixty-nine. He was awarded the posthumous title "Wenmin" by Pingzhang Zhengshi and Wei Guogong of Zhongshu Province in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, so he was called "Zhao Wenmin". He is the author of "Song Xuezhai Collected Works" and so on.
Zhao Meng_ was erudite and talented, good at poetry and prose, good at economics, good at calligraphy, fine painting, good at epigraphy, proficient in law, and appreciation of art, especially calligraphy and painting. In painting, he created a new style of painting in the Yuan Dynasty, and was known as the "Crown of the Yuan Dynasty";
Zhao Meng_ was also good at seal script, official script, Zhen script, running script, and cursive script, and was especially famous for regular script and running script. World. His calligraphy style is charming and elegant, with neat structure and mature writing skills. He created the "Zhao style" calligraphy and is known as the "Four Masters of Regular Script" together with Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan.
2. Mi Fu
Mi Fu (1051-1107), first named Fu, later changed to Fu, with the courtesy name Yuanzhang, and his own name was Mi or Qian, a native of Xiangyang, Hubei Province At that time, he was known as Haiyue Waishi, also known as the descendant of Wan Xiong and the descendant of Huozheng.
The calligraphers, painters, calligraphy and painting theorists of the Northern Song Dynasty, together with Cai Xiang, Su Shi, and Huang Tingjian, are known as the "Four Song Schools". He once served as school secretary, doctor of calligraphy and painting, and wailang of the Ministry of Etiquette. His ancestral home was Shanxi, but he moved to Xiangyang, Hubei, and later settled in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu).
He is good at poetry and prose, good at calligraphy and painting, and has a unique style of painting and calligraphy. He founded "Mi Dian Landscape". He is a calligrapher, painter, connoisseur and collector.
He has a weird personality and crazy behavior. He calls him "brother" when he meets a stone and worships him endlessly, so he is called "Midian". Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty awarded him a doctorate in calligraphy and painting, also known as "Mi Xiangyang" and "Mi Nangong".
Mi Fu's calligraphy and painting are unique in style, with dead wood, bamboo and stone, and landscape paintings having unique style and characteristics. He is also quite accomplished in calligraphy, and is good at seal script, official script, regular script, running script, cursive script and other calligraphy styles. He is good at copying ancient calligraphy to a certain degree of authenticity.
The main works include "Poems on Duojinglou", "Poems on Hongxian County", "Inscriptions on Yanshan Mountain", "Inscriptions on Worshiping Zhongyue", etc.
3. Huang Tingjian
Huang Tingjian (August 9, 1045 - May 24, 1105), courtesy name Lu Zhi, also known as Valley Taoist, Fu Weng, Hongzhou Fenning (Jiangxi Province) A native of Xiushui County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, he was a famous writer and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty and the founder of the Jiangxi Poetry School.
His works include "Gu Ci", which together with Du Fu, Chen Shidao and Chen Yuyi, is known as "one ancestor and three sects" (Huang Tingjian is one of them). Together with Zhang Lei, Chao Buzhi, and Qin Guan, they all studied under Su Shi's sect, and they were collectively known as the "Four Scholars of the Su School". During his lifetime, he was as famous as Su Shi and was known as "Su Huang" in the world.
His calligraphy is unique and he is one of the "Four Calligraphers of the Song Dynasty".
4. Zhu Yunming
Zhu Yunming (January 17, 1461 - January 28, 1527) was born on December 6, the fourth year of Tianshun, and died on the 10th of the fifth year of Jiajing. February 27, named Xizhe, a native of Changzhou (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). Because of his strange appearance, he laughed at himself for being ugly. Also, because he had branches on his right hand, he named himself Zhishan. The world called him "Zhu Jingzhao". A famous calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yunming's career in the imperial examination was quite bumpy. He became a scholar at the age of nineteen and took part in the provincial examination five times. He only passed the examination in the fifth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1492), and failed in the subsequent seven examinations.
Even his son Zhu Xu also passed the imperial examination in the previous subject, so Zhu Yunming gave up the idea of ????the imperial examination and selected officials through the imperial examination. In the ninth year of Zhengde (1514), he was awarded the title of magistrate of Xingning County, Guangdong, the first year of Jiajing (1522), he was transferred to be the general magistrate of Yingtian (now Nanjing) Prefecture, and soon returned home after claiming illness.
Zhu Yunming is good at poetry and calligraphy, and is well-known throughout the country. Together with Tang Yin, Wen Zhengming and Xu Zhenqing, he is known as the "Four Talents in Wuzhong". Together with Wen Zhengming and Wang Chong, he is a representative calligrapher of the mid-Ming Dynasty. In his early years, regular script was refined and rigorous. He learned from Zhao Mengxu and Chu Suiliang, and directly followed the "two kings" from Ou and Yu.
The masters of cursive calligraphy are Li Yong, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu. They have profound skills, and their old age is especially marked by changes.
His representative works include "Taihu Poetry Volume", "Honghou Yin", "Red Cliff Ode", etc. The "Poetry and Fu Volume in Six-Style Script", "Du Fu's Poetry Volume in Cursive Script", "Nineteen Ancient Poems", "Poetry Volume of Tang Dynasty in Cursive Script" and "Poem and Han Volume in Cursive Script" are all calligraphy treasures handed down from generation to generation.
5. Huaisu
Huaisu (737-799), whose common surname was Qian and whose courtesy name was Zangzhen, was from Lingling, Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan). A calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, he was famous for his "crazy grass" and was known as the "Sage of Grass" in history.
He became a monk since he was a child. In his spare time, he practiced Zen and loved calligraphy. He was as famous as Zhang Xu and was collectively known as "Dian Zhang Kuang Su". This formed a situation where the two peaks of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty coexisted, and they were also the two peaks in the history of Chinese cursive calligraphy. Peak. Huaisu's cursive calligraphy is thin and vigorous, with natural flying movements, like a sudden rain and whirlwind, changing at any time. Calligraphy is straightforward, ever-changing, and full of rules.
The calligraphy works handed down from generation to generation include "Autobiography Calligraphy", "Bitter Bamboo Shoots Calligraphy", "Notre Dame Calligraphy", "On Calligraphy Calligraphy" and "Xiaocao Qianwen".
6. Zhang Xu
Zhang Xu (685? - 759?), also named Bogao and Jiming, was born in Wuxian County, Suzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), in the Tang Dynasty A calligrapher who is good at cursive writing and likes to drink, he is known as "Zhang Dian" in the world.
Together with Huaisu, he is known as "Dian Zhang Zuisu", together with He Zhizhang, Zhang Ruoxu and Bao Rong, he is known as "Four Scholars of Wuzhong", and with He Zhizhang and others, he is also known as "Eight Immortals in Drinking". Li Bai's poems and Pei's sword dance are known as the "Three Wonders".
Zhang Xu was born in a family of high status. He once learned calligraphy from his uncle Lu Yanyuan. After he became successful, he was admired by Wu Daozi, Yan Zhenqing and others;
When he was older, he passed the examination. He may have been promoted or recruited into an official position, and was released as a captain of Changshu County. He successively served as the chief historian of Zuo Lide Prefecture and the chief historian of Jinwu, so he was called "Zhang Changshi" by the world. He died in about the second year of Qianyuan (759). , died at about the age of seventy-five.
In terms of calligraphy, Zhang Xu is diligent in observing objective things, and is good at combining objective natural objects with personal subjective emotions. He not only inherits tradition, but also has the courage to innovate. He inherits the calligraphy achievements of his predecessors and innovates to make him famous. His own Kuangcao art reached a peak during the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
7. Xue Ji
Xue Ji (649-713), courtesy name Sitong, was born in Fenyin, Puzhou (now Wanrong County, Shanxi) (the west branch of the Xue family in Hedong). Minister, calligrapher and painter of the Tang Dynasty.
He once served as Huangmen's Minister, Counselor of Machinery Affairs, Prince Shaobao, Minister of Rites, etc., and was granted the title of Duke of Jin Dynasty. After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty came to the throne, Princess Taiping, Dou Huaizhen and others plotted a coup. Xue Ji was sentenced to death in prison at the age of sixty-five because he did not report the incident. ?
Gong calligraphy was taught by Yu Shinan, and he was one of the four great calligraphers of the early Tang Dynasty along with Chu Suiliang, Ouyang Xun and Yu Shinan. He is good at painting, specializing in figures, Buddha statues, trees, rocks, flowers and birds, especially cranes, and can accurately and vividly express the appearance and expression of cranes. There are a few works handed down such as "The Monument of Zen Master Xinxing".
8. Chu Suiliang
Chu Suiliang (596-658 or 659), courtesy name Dengshan, was born in Qiantang, Hangzhou (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province), and his ancestral home is Yangdi (now Yangzhai). Yuzhou, Henan), politician and calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty.
Chu Suiliang was erudite and proficient in literature and history. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, he followed Xue Ju and sacrificed himself for general affairs. After returning to the Tang Dynasty, he successively served as an admonishment official, Huangmen Shilang, and Zhongshu Ling, and was in charge of the government.
In the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649), he and Changsun Wuji received Taizong's imperial edict to assist in government. They were promoted to Minister Youpushe and granted the title of Duke of Henan Province. Later he became the governor of Tongzhou. He was recalled in the third year of Yonghui (652) and served as Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, supervising the compilation of national history. He was promoted to Minister Youpushe and knew political affairs.
Because he firmly opposed the establishment of Wu Zetian as queen, he was demoted to the governor of Tanzhou (now Changsha). After Empress Wu came to power, he was moved to the governorship of Guizhou (now Guilin), and then demoted to the governor of Aizhou (now Thanhhua, Vietnam). He died in office. In the sixth year of Tianbao (747 years), he was entitled to enjoy the temple court of Emperor Gaozong. His posthumous title is "Wenzhong".
Chu Sui was good at calligraphy. He first learned from Yu Shinan, and later learned from King Xizhi. Together with Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, and Xue Ji, he was known as the "Four Great Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty". His ink writings handed down from generation to generation include "Master Meng's Stele" and "Yanta Sacred Teaching". "Preface" etc.
9. Yu Shinan
Yu Shinan (558-July 11, 638), courtesy name Boshi, Han nationality, Yuyao, Yuezhou (now Minghechang, Guanhaiwei Town, Cixi City, Zhejiang Province) )people.
A calligrapher, writer, poet, politician from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and one of the twenty-four heroes of Lingyan Pavilion. The son of the concubine Yu Li, the crown prince of the Chen Dynasty, and the younger brother of Yu Shiji, the minister of internal history of the Sui Dynasty.
Yu Shinan is quiet and stoic by nature, persistent and eager to learn. He served as an official in the Chen and Sui dynasties. He was a secretary and a living room official. After the fall of the Sui Dynasty, he was appointed as the Minister of Huangmen by Dou Jiande.
After Li Shimin destroyed Dou Jiande, he introduced Yu Shinan to join the army in the Qin Palace, join the army in the Record Office, and become a bachelor of Hongwen Hall. Together with Fang Xuanling and other famous ministers such as Wenhan, he was one of the "Eighteen Bachelors".
During the Zhenguan period, he successively held the posts of author, secretary, young eunuch, secretary eunuch, etc., and was granted the titles of Yongxing County Son and Yongxing County Gong successively. He was later known as "Yu Yongxing, Yu Secret Supervisor". Although he looks timid and weak, he has a strong temperament and is outspoken and dares to give advice. He is deeply respected by Li Shimin and is known as the five talents of "virtue, loyalty, erudition, literary poetry, and calligraphy".
In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan died at the age of eighty-one. He was given the title of Minister of Rites and was given the posthumous title "Wen Yi" and was buried with him in the Zhaoling Mausoleum. In the 17th year of Zhenguan (643), the portrait of Lingyan Pavilion was painted. ?
Yu Shinan was good at calligraphy, and together with Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, he was known as the "Four Great Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty". Japanese academic circles call Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang, and Yu Shinan the "Three Great Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty".
The "Beitang Shuchao" compiled by him is known as one of the four major types of books in the Tang Dynasty and one of the earliest existing types of books in China. The original collection of poems and essays consisted of thirty volumes, but the entire collection has been lost. Zhang Shouyong compiled it into four volumes of "Yu Mi Jian Ji Ji" during the Republic of China.
10. Ouyang Xun
Ouyang Xun (557-641), courtesy name Xinben, Han nationality, was born in Linxiang, Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan) in the Tang Dynasty, and was a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty , official, one of the four masters of regular script.
The grandson of Ouyang_, the general of Nanliang Zhengnan, and the son of Ouyang He, the general of Nanchen Zuowei, was born in Hengzhou (now Hengyang, Hunan) in the second year of Taiping in Liang Dynasty (557 AD), and his ancestral home is Linxiang, Tanzhou ( Today's Changsha, Hunan).
Ouyang Xun and his contemporaries Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji were called the Four Great Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty. Because his son Ouyang Tong was also good at calligraphy, he was also called "Da Ou".
Both he and Yu Shinan were famous for their calligraphy in the early Tang Dynasty, and they were both called "European Yu". Later generations used their calligraphy to distinguish dangers from the ordinary, and were most convenient for beginners, so they were called "European style".
The representative works in regular script include "Jiucheng Palace Liquan Ming", "Huangfu's Birthday Stele", "Huadu Temple Stele", and running script include "Zhongni Meng Laying Post" and "Thousand-Character Essay in Running Script".
Has unique insights into calligraphy, including calligraphy treatises "Eight Secrets", "Teaching Secrets", "On Using the Brush", and "Thirty-Six Methods". The "Inscription on the Relics of Zen Master Huadu Siyi", "The Monument of Yu Gonggong Wen Yanbo", and "The Monument of Huangfu's Birthday?" are known as "the first regular script in the Tang Dynasty".
Baidu Encyclopedia - Huai Su
Baidu Encyclopedia - Zhu Yunming
Baidu Encyclopedia - Huang Tingjian
Baidu Encyclopedia - Mi Fu
Baidu Encyclopedia——Zhao Meng_
Baidu Encyclopedia——Ouyang Xun
Baidu Encyclopedia——Yu Shinan
Baidu Encyclopedia—— Chu Suiliang
Baidu Encyclopedia——Xue Ji
Baidu Encyclopedia——Zhang Xu