Koguryo King City is a full display of Koguryo's national architectural talent and concept of building a city, forming a new model of compound king capital in the history of world capital architecture.
During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, Goguryeo's ancestors lived in the northeast. In 37 BC, the widow Zhu Meng fled south to Benchuan, which is now Huanren County, Liaoning Province, to avoid disaster. After coming to Benchuan, Zhu Meng led everyone to establish the Koguryo regime here, with Ge Sheng Gucheng as its capital. This is the first capital in the history of Koguryo.
In BC 19, the legendary founding monarch of Koguryo died and his son Wang succeeded to the throne.
In the spring of AD 2, when Koguryo held a sacrificial ceremony in the suburbs, he suddenly sacrificed pigs and ran away. So King Liu Liming sent Xue Zhi to chase the escaped pigs.
Xue Zhi chased all the way to Yan Na, the domestic captain near Ji 'an City, Jilin Province, before catching the pig. At this time, Wen Xue found that the terrain is dangerous and the products are rich. After coming back, Xue Zhi proposed to Liuli Ming Wang to move the capital.
After a period of investigation, Liu Liming confirmed that the geographical environment and natural conditions around Na Wei Yan are superior. So, I decided to move the capital to the king.
After a year of preparation, in the winter of the third year, Koguryo moved to Yan Na and became a captain in China. In this way, the inner city became the second capital in the history of Koguryo.
198, the Koguryo regime spread to the tenth generation of Wangshan Wang. After Wang Shan came to power, he actively strengthened and expanded Na Wei Yancheng, built the Grand Palace, and renamed Na Wei Yancheng Marube City, later known as Marube Mountain City.
In its heyday, Goguryeo's sphere of influence included the southeast of Jilin, the east of Liaohe River and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
In 668, Goguryeo was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty in conjunction with Silla in the southeast of the Korean Peninsula, which lasted for 705 years.
Koguryo, located in Ji 'an, is a relic of the Koguryo dynasty in a slave country. More than 0/0000 ancient tombs in Koguryo era are distributed on the plains around Ji 'an City, which is a world-famous "Donggou ancient tomb group".
The murals of Koguryo's royal city, tombs and noble tombs are classics of brilliant civilization created by Koguryo, which have been lost in the long river of history.
Koguryo is the capital city, which consists of plain city and mountain city, including inner city and Marubi mountain city. This is the capital of Koguryo from 1 century to the middle and early 5th century, and it is also the capital of Koguryo regime with the longest continuous use.
The city is located in Tonggou Plain on the right bank of the middle reaches of Yalu River, with Yushan in the north, Longshan in the east and Qixing Mountain in the west. It is one of the few medieval capital sites with stone walls on the surface in Northeast Asia. The preserved city walls are still strong, beautiful and solemn, and the style of the capital still exists.
As early as before Koguryo moved its capital to the domestic city, there was an earth wall from the end of the Warring States to the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, which should be a city under the jurisdiction of Xuantu County in the Han Dynasty. The existing stone city walls in domestic cities were built in the 3rd century after Koguryo moved to the capital.
Cities in China are slightly square, and the internal and external walls are made of rectangular stones or square stones. The lower part is stepped, and it is collected step by step. Horse faces are built at regular intervals, and turrets are set at four corners to improve the defense ability.
Part of the city wall has lost its original appearance. The existing city wall is 7 meters wide to 10 meter, with the highest point of three or four meters.
There are 6 original city gates, one in the north and one in the south, and two in the east and west. The east gate is called "Jiwen Gate", the west gate is called "Anwumen" and the south gate is called "Jinjiangmen".
There are a lot of rubble, pottery pieces and complete gold-plated bronze buddhas in the southwest of the domestic city, which should be similar to temples; Rows of architectural relics and relics, such as cornerstones, bricks, etc., as well as precious cultural relics such as gold-plated arrows, white jade ear cups and pottery, have been unearthed in the east and north of the city, which should be the residences or offices of nobles.
Marudao Mountain City is built on the natural mountain, with undulating walls. Do you want to build a low wall on a steep cliff? Where the ridge is gentle, the city wall is built very high, which makes the high wall outside the city wall steep and enhances the defense ability. The north of the mountain is high and the south is low, and it is shaped like a dustpan inclined to the south. The city wall is an irregular rectangle.
The eastern wall, the western section of the northern wall and the northern section of the western wall are well preserved, and the height can reach four or five meters. They are made of more than 20 layers of neatly trimmed rectangular and square stone strips, and their structures are rigorous.
The stones of the city wall are collected from bottom to top. There is a parapet about one meter in the upper part and a row of holes in the lower part of the inner wall of the parapet about two meters apart.
There are six gates in the whole city, one urn gate in the south valley, two gates in the northeast wall, one gate in the west of the south wall and no gate in the west wall.
There are two springs in Marudao Mountain City, one in the northwest corner of the city, the other at the foot of Chengdong Mountain, which meet at the south gate and pour into Tonggou River.
There are three ground remains, a reservoir and 37 tombs in the city. The ruins of the palace are under the eastern hillside, full of rubble and rows of cornerstones.
The viewing platform, also known as the point platform, is made of stone on the high hill north of the south gate, from which you can see the Tonggou Plain and domestic cities. Looking at Taipei, I found the residence of a garrison soldier.
There is a reservoir in the southeast, also called Ma Yin Bay. Most of the tombs in the city are stone graves, which were buried after the abandoned mountain city.
There are two octagonal sites with symmetrical structure in the complex. Because octagonal buildings often appear in temples and other places, they may be places where sacrifices and ceremonies are held. Among the medieval city ruins in Northeast Asia, the Inner City and Marudao Mountain City are masterpieces of capital architecture.
Outside Koguryo, there are nearly 7,000 tombs of Koguryo era on Donggou Plain surrounded by mountains, which is the most ancient tombs in Northeast Asia. Many tombs in Donggou ancient tombs are painted with exquisite murals, with elegant lines and rich contents, which are legendary and mythical. Although it has been more than 1000 years, they are still brightly colored. The famous mural tombs are Jiao Jiao Tomb, Wu Yong Tomb, Sanbao Tomb, Four Gods Tomb and Five Helmets Tomb.
There are 14 large Koguryo tombs and a large number of mural tombs of royal nobles in Donggou ancient tomb, which reflect the historical development process of Koguryo from different aspects.
Among them, General Cemetery on the cliff of Longshan in the northeast of Ji 'an City is regarded as the tomb of the 20th generation longevity king, which looks like the tomb of the ancient Egyptian Pharaoh and is known as the "Oriental Pyramid". General Cemetery is a square cone with seven steps. The mausoleum is magnificent in architecture and bright and solemn in shape, which is a microcosm of Koguryo's architectural skills and artistic achievements.
The entrance of General Cemetery is facing the Wang Tai Mausoleum not far away. On the east side of the mausoleum stands a good monument called "the first monument in the East", which was built by Changshou Wang to commemorate the 19th generation of Wang Yongle.
The stele is a square stone with the word 1775 engraved on all sides. The font is between official script and regular script, forming a square calligraphy style, which is one of the important examples of China's calligraphy from official script to regular script. Inscription calligraphy is rigorous and dignified, simple and simple, and deeply appreciated by calligraphers.
Inscriptions engraved with Chinese characters describe the achievements of King Tai Hao and the legend of Koguryo's origin and establishment of political power. It is Koguryo's oldest preserved written material.