Zheng Banqiao (1693.11.22-1765.1.22), also known as Zheng Xie, also known as Kerou and Banqiao, was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province in 1693 and died in 1765. He was a scholar of Kangxi and a scholar of Yongzheng. , Qianlong Jinshi. He lives in Yangzhou and makes a living by selling paintings. He is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". His poetry, calligraphy and painting are known as the "Three Wonders" in the world, and he is good at painting orchid and bamboo.
Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty was an outstanding celebrity in history, the main representative of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", a calligrapher, painter and writer famous for his "Three Unique Poems, Calligraphy and Painting". His life can be divided into five stages: reading and teaching, selling paintings in Yangzhou, passing the imperial examination, becoming a Jinshi and traveling in officialdom, serving as an official in Shandong, and selling paintings in Yangzhou again. 1. Reading and teaching Zheng Xie (1693--1766 Years), named Kerou, also named Li'an, also known as Banqiao, his ancestral home is Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. His ancestors moved from Changmen, Suzhou to Wangtou during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. His father, Zheng Zhiben, had the courtesy name of Li'an and the name of Mengyang. He was a good scholar in Zheng Banqiao's former residence and taught hundreds of disciples at home. Zheng Banqiao was born on November 22, 1693. She was already in poverty and her life was very difficult. When she was three years old, her biological mother, Mrs. Wang, died. At the age of fourteen, she lost her stepmother, Mrs. Zheng. Care and meticulous care have become the pillars of Zheng Banqiao's life and emotions. Zheng Banqiao is intelligent and literate at the age of three. When he was eight or nine years old, he was writing couplets under the guidance of his father and went to Maojiaqiao in Zhenzhou with his father. At the age of 16, he learned to write lyrics from his hometown ancestor Mr. Lu Zhongyuan. At about 23 years old, he married Mrs. Xu and went to Beijing for the first time. Fu >>. At the age of 26, he went to Zhijiang Village in Zhenzhou to teach. At the age of 30, Banqiao had two daughters and one son, and his life was even more difficult. He wrote a poem about Zheng Shengsan. "Ten No One Camp" 2. Selling Paintings in Yangzhou Due to the poverty of life, Zheng Banqiao abandoned his art gallery after the age of 30 and went to Yangzhou to make a living by selling paintings. He actually helped the poor and sold paintings in Yangzhou for ten years. Unfortunately, Mrs. Xu's son passed away, and Zheng Banqiao once wrote a poem to express his condolences. At the age of thirty-two, he traveled to Jiangxi and met Master Wu Fang and the Manchu scholar Bao Lu in Lushan. At the age of thirty-three, he traveled to Beijing. He made friends with the Zen Master and his disciples in Men Yulin, spoke loudly, and was not a good figure, so he became famous. During his reign, he married Yunxi, the prince of Kangxi and the prince of Shen County, who was the owner of Ziqiongya at the age of thirty-five. Traveled to Tongzhou. At the age of thirty-six, he studied at Tianning Temple in Yangzhou and wrote one of "Four Books" by hand. At the age of thirty-seven, he wrote the first draft of "Ten Poems on Taoism". At the age of thirty-nine, Mrs. Xu He died of illness. Zheng Banqiao lived in Yangzhou for ten years and met many painting friends, including Jin Nong and Huang Shen, who had a great influence on his creative ideas and even his character. In the autumn of that year, Zheng Banqiao was forty years old. He went to Nanjing to take the provincial examination and passed the examination. He wrote the poem "De Nan Jie Yin" and went to Jiaoshan to study in Jiaoshan. Why should a room be elegant if there is not much fragrance of flowers? "In 1736, the first year of Qianlong, at the age of 44, he took part in the examination of the Ministry of Rites and passed the Gongshi examination. In May, he took the palace examination in Danqi in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony and passed the second grade. The eighty-eighth Jinshi, "to give him a Jinshi background", he made a special painting "Okra and Stalagmites" and wrote a poem: I will also be called a Jinshi in the end, and I will follow the number one scholar of Dangui." The joy is beyond words. In 1737, at the age of forty-five, he stayed in Beijing for about a year, hoping to advance as an official, but failed, so he returned south to Yangzhou. With the support of Jiangxi Cheng Yuchen, he married Rao. The wet nurse Fei died. In 1739, at the age of forty-seven, he composed four poems of seven rhymes and presented them to Yu Jianzeng, the envoy of Huainan Supervisor. In 1740, at the age of 48, he wrote the preface to Dong Weiye's "Yangzhou Zhuzhi Ci". In 1741, at the age of forty-nine, he entered Beijing to fill an official vacancy, and was cordially entertained by Prince Yunxi of Shen County. 4. Working as an official in Shandong When Zheng Banqiao was fifty years old, that is, in the spring of 1742, he served as the magistrate of Fan County and was also in charge of the small county court, and he began to compile a collection of poems and lyrics. In 1743, at the age of fifty-one, he revised "Ten Poems on Taoism" several times before finalizing it. The engraver was Situ Wenpao of Shangyuan Dynasty.
In 1744, Rao gave birth to a son. During the reign of Zheng Banqiao, he paid attention to farming and mulberry, observed the people's sentiments, and promoted people's labor, so that the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. In 1746, the eleventh year of Qianlong's reign, at the age of fifty-four, he was transferred from Fan County to Wei County. That year there was a great famine in Shandong, and people ate each other. Weixian County was originally a prosperous city, but it suffered from successive famines year after year. Disaster relief became an important part of Zheng Banqiao's role in presiding over the political affairs of Weixian County. He opened warehouses to provide relief goods, ordered the people to receive coupons for supplies, and also carried out large-scale construction work and built cities. In the pond, hungry people from far and near were recruited to eat and go to work, and the big families in the city opened factories to cook porridge and eat them in turn. The whole house of accumulated millet was sealed, and more than 10,000 people lived. In the autumn, due to the poor harvest, I donated money to replace the wheel, and all the IOUs were ruined, and the people had no hope of living. The hungry people in Weixian County went out to look for food. Banqiao sighed and wrote "Escape from Famine". In 1748, Gao Bin, a bachelor, and Liu Tongxun, the censor of the capital, went to Shandong as special envoys to provide relief, and Banqiao followed. As autumn matures, the disaster in Weixian County gradually eases, and hungry people return to their hometowns from outside the customs. Banqiao writes "Returning Home" to record the events. In order to prevent invasion and harassment by bandits, they donated funds and encouraged the public to overhaul the city wall of Weixian County. At the end of autumn, he wrote "Record of the Repair of Wei County City". In 1751, the seawater overflowed, and Banqiao reached Yuwangtai in the north of Weixian County to investigate the disaster. "Zheng Banqiao's intention as an official was to bring benefits to the people when he succeeded." Therefore, when he was in charge of government, he was able to sympathize with the common people and small traders, reform bad government, and protect their interests in terms of laws and measures. During Banqiao's reign in Wei, he was diligent and honest, and had no problems. "If you keep your accumulation, you will have no enemies", which won the support of the people. There are many wealthy businessmen in Weixian County, and the people tolerate luxury. Zheng Banqiao advocated literary affairs and discovered talents, leaving many good stories. In 1747, Debao, a native of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria and a scholar who served as a lecturer, presided over the imperial examination in Shandong. Banqiao was also in the imperial examination courtyard and sang with each other. In 1748, Qianlong visited Shandong. Zheng Banqiao participated in the preparations for the history of calligraphy and painting, and arranged everything for the emperor to climb Mount Tai. He lay at the top of Mount Tai for more than forty days. He was often proud of it and engraved a seal saying "Qianlong and Cambodia sealed the history of calligraphy and painting." In 1749, at the age of fifty-seven, Rao Shi His son died of illness in Xinghua. He went to Guo's Garden with the imperial censor Shen Yanfang. He reprinted "Family Letters", "Shi Chao" and "Ci Chao" and wrote them in handwriting in 1750. Preface to Banqiao. In the same year, he advocated the construction of Zhuangyuan Bridge. In 1751, at the age of fifty-nine, he created the banner "Rare Lake Tu". In the "Inscriptions on the City God's Temple" and "Inscriptions on the City God's Temple", Banqiao urged the gentry and people of Weixian County to practice civility and cleanliness, which created a considerable influence among the people of Weiqie. Big impact. In the same year, he wrote a paper with Han Hao, a boy student in Weixian County, and wrote a seven-character couplet in running script, shortening the complex and simplifying it. "Zheng Banqiao wrote a lot during his tenure in Weixian County, and his forty poems "Weixian Bamboo Branch Poems" are particularly popular. 5. Selling paintings again in Yangzhou. People in Yangzhou all have children wherever they go, and officials read more in their spare time." In the seventh year of Guanwei, Banqiao reached a new peak in both official administration and poetry, calligraphy and painting. "The official administration and literary reputation were the most important thing of the time." The ambition of "keeping the people healthy" is difficult to realize, and the desire to return to the fields is increasing day by day. In 1753, when Zheng Banqiao was sixty-one years old, he resigned from office because the people asked him to relieve the disobedient officials. When he went to Wei, the people blocked the way to stay, painted portraits of every family, and spontaneously built a shrine for Zheng Banqiao at Haidao Temple in Weicheng. After resigning from office, Banqiao made a living selling paintings. He traveled between Yangzhou and Xinghua, communicating with fellow calligraphers and painters, and singing poems and wines. In 1754, Zheng Banqiao visited Hangzhou. Return to Qiantang, go to Kuaiji, explore Yu's Cave, visit Orchid Pavilion, and go up and down the mountain valley. In 1757, at the age of sixty-five, he participated in the Hongqiao Wan Festival hosted by Yu Jian, the supervisor of the Lianghuai River, and met Yuan Mei, exchanging poems with each other. During this period, Banqiao produced many calligraphy and painting works, which were widely circulated. He died in Banqiao on January 22, 1766 (December 12, the 30th year of Qianlong's reign) and was buried in Ruanzhuang, east of Xinghua City. He was seventy-three years old. Both Banqiao's two sons died early, and Zhangtian, the son of Zheng Mo, was the next in line. Painting Zheng Banqiao is good at painting bamboo, orchid, stone, pine, chrysanthemum, etc., and is most famous for his orchid and bamboo with sparse appearance and vigorous style. He advocated not following the ancient methods, but following the natural methods, and then being able to express one's own feelings through extreme craftsmanship."
He proposed the three-stage painting theory of "bamboo in the eye", "bamboo in the heart", and "bamboo in the hand". He combined thoughtful conception with skilled brush and ink skills. Banqiao's bamboo painting was carried out with the method of long strokes in cursive script. It has received the artistic effect of "not chaotic when there are too many, not sparse when too little, free from the customs of the times, and exquisitely beautiful". The bamboos painted by Banqiao are vivid and have both form and spirit. The intention is that the pen is "interesting beyond the law". Banqiao's paintings Orchids are mostly orchids from the mountains. They use heavy ink and cursive script to express the radiant nature of orchids. When Banqiao paints stones, he first outlines the outline of the stone, sometimes with orchid and bamboo, which is very harmonious and unified. The painting brought a fresh vitality to the calligraphy circles of the Qing Dynasty at that time. The majority of intellectuals and working people regarded it as a treasure and spent a lot of money to buy it. It was widely circulated. According to legend, Zheng Banqiao of the Qing Dynasty visited Wei in his later years. When he was the county magistrate, one day in autumn, he went to the market incognito and saw an old lady selling fans in a daze guarding a pile of unused fans. Zheng Banqiao caught up with her and picked up a fan to look at. There were no words or paintings, and the season for using fans was missed, so naturally no one came to buy them. During the inquiry, Zheng Banqiao learned that the old lady's family was poor, so he decided to help her borrow a pen from a shop. , ink, and inkstone, and splashed ink with a pen. I saw green bamboos, fragrant orchids, proud frost autumn chrysanthemums, falling snow and cold plums flying on the fan, and they were paired with poems and patterns, making the poems and paintings on the fan contrast with each other interestingly. Xiang bought it, and within a short time, a bunch of fans were sold out
Li Fangying
Li Fangying was born between 1695 and 1755
A Chinese painter of the Qing Dynasty. His courtesy name is Qiuzhong, his nickname is Qiuchi, he is from Baiyishan, and he is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". He was born in an official family in Nantong, Jiangsu Province. He served as the magistrate of Le'an County, the magistrate of Lanshan County, the magistrate of Qianshan County, and the acting magistrate of Chuzhou. He was dismissed from office due to false accusations. After he resigned, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by selling paintings with Li Wei. , Jin Nong, Zheng Xie, etc., he is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and is good at plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine, fish, etc. He pays attention to the tradition of learning and learning from nature, and can become his own style. His brushwork is vigorous and thick. The cut is simple, informal and lively. It is listed as one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou. There are "Pictures of Fengzhu", "Pictures of Swimming Fish" and "Pictures of Plum Blossoms" handed down from generation to generation. , bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum, plum, miscellaneous flowers, insects and fish, as well as figures, landscapes, especially plum blossoms. Between the bamboo stems, the plum blossoms are famous for their thinness and hardness, with old stems and new branches, and the side is curled. There is a famous poem about plum blossoms with the line "It will not be broken even if it is broken". Paintings of pines and bamboos in the strong wind. He was good at poetry. Later generations compiled "Plum Blossom Tower Poetry", only 26 poems, most of which were scattered in paintings. > Wang Mian
(1287-1359), a famous painter and poet in the Yuan Dynasty, was known as Zhuishishanong, Fanniuweng, Kuaiji foreign historian, and the owner of Meihua House. A native of Zhuji (now Zhejiang). Born into a poor family, he herded cattle during the day and studied under the Changming lamp of the Buddhist temple at night. Later, he studied under Han Xingxing, failed to pass the imperial examination, and traveled to Dadu (today's Beijing). Tai Buhua recommended him to an official position in the Hanlin Academy, but he refused to resign. He retired to Jiuli Mountain, sold paintings for a living, and lived in the countryside all his life. He is good at painting ink plums with dense branches and leaves, full of life and strength, or using rouge to make boneless plums; he is also good at bamboo and stone. In the painting world, he is a flower-and-bird painter who created a new style of freehand brushwork by painting plum blossoms. The character Yuanzhang (first written as Yuansu), named Zhuzhai, Zhuishishanong, Cowherd Weng, Plum Blossom Housekeeper, etc., was a descendant of Yuanzhu and Haoshan. He was fond of studying since he was a child, tending cattle during the day, stealing into the school to listen to the students reading, returning at dusk, forgetting his cattle, and Old Qin angrily scolded him next door, and then he came back again. My mother was willing to listen to what he had done, so she went to Yiseng Temple and sat on the Buddha's lap every night, reading under the light of a long bright lamp. Later he studied from Kuaiji scholar Han Xing and eventually became a master of Confucianism. However, he repeatedly failed in the exams and burned his career-building articles. He behaves differently from ordinary people. He always wears a high hat, a green raincoat, wooden sandals, and carries a wooden sword. He sings loudly and goes back and forth in the city. Or riding an ox, holding the Book of Han and reciting it, people look at it with madness. Li Xiaoguang, a writer, wanted to recommend him as a government official, but Mian declared: "I have fields to cultivate and books to read, but I hold my case in front of the court day and night to serve as an enslavement envoy!" Then he went to Soochow, entered Huaichu, and experienced View famous mountains and rivers. When traveling to Dadu, my old friend and secretary Qing Tai Buhua wanted to recommend him to a library job, but he refused and returned to his hometown south. He lived in seclusion in Jiuli Mountain in Kuaiji, planted thousands of plum blossoms, and built three thatched cottages. He named himself "Plum Blossom House" and called himself the owner of the Plum Blossom House. He made a living by selling paintings. He built a small boat and named it "Duckweed Pavilion" and placed it in Jianhu Lake. , let it stop.
They also planted plums and bamboos, played the harp and composed poems, drank wine and roared. Zhu Yuanzhang pacified Wuzhou, captured Yuezhou, and stationed troops in Jiuli Mountain. After hearing its name, he scouted for it, set up a shogunate, and offered consultations to join the army, but he failed to do so. In the 19th year of Zhizheng reign of Emperor Huizong of Yuan Dynasty (1359), Zhu Yuanzhang used military force to ask for the title of official. Mian refused to become a monk and expanded his residence into Baiyun Temple. Xuan died in Lanting Tianzhang Temple.