Xi Shi Die. How? Did you find her grave?

The headstone of Bozhou Scenic Area was born in Wan, Chu (now Anyang, Henan). Stone tomb, commonly known as solitary pile, also known as tomb, is located near Xiyangji, Guoyang County, Bozhou City. Now it is a key cultural relic protection unit in Guoyang County. The Annals of Anhui published in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty reads: "The tomb of Dr. Li is located in the southeast village". In the old days, surrounded by lake water, tombs floated in it, as high as earth mountains, and temples were built on it, and the statues of the Western Heaven were built in it, covered by pine and cypress forests, which was extremely spectacular. Fan Li, the Chu people, the doctor of Yue, the battle of wuyue, the defeat of Yue. When Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was detained in the State of Wu, he accompanied him, worked hard with him and planned everything to help him destroy Wu Zetian. Seeing clearly that Gou Jian can share weal and woe but not wealth, he decided to quit his job and travel far away, and advised his friends to take refuge. Wen Zi didn't listen. Later, Gou Jian was so jealous that he believed what Fan Li said. After retirement, he changed his name and surname with a beautiful teacher, and traveled between Qilu, which was called. He became rich in business, and it was difficult for officials to find his whereabouts. Later, he died in Dingtao (now Jiyang, Shandong Province) and was buried with the affectionate stone in Xiyangji, Guoyang County. In order to avoid people's eyes and ears, the witty Fan Li set up many suspicious graves, including six cemeteries in the area of Hubei, Shandong and Anhui. In Jianlong, Qinggan (1736- 1795), Lingdan Ruoshui in Mengcheng County carved a stone in front of the tomb and wrote "Fan Lizhong". The original Fanzi Temple nearby. After the war, the pine and cypress temple was destroyed and the mound still existed. There have always been different opinions about life or death. To sum up, there are generally four versions.

First of all, Shen Hai said

Legend has it that after Gou Jian destroyed Wu, his wife secretly told someone to cheat a stone, tied a stone to it and sank into the sea. What's more, it is said that there is a tongue-shaped writing in the sediments along the coast. Everyone says it is the tongue of stone, so it is called "the tongue of stone". When Yu Dafu, a famous writer, was in Fujian in 1930s, he also praised Changle's "Xishi Tongue" as the best in Fujian cuisine.

Second, the theory of seclusion.

This statement is also very popular. It was first seen in Yuan Kang's Yue Jue Shu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is recorded: "After Wu's death, the stone returned and went with the five lakes." There is a similar saying in Hu Yinglin's "Small Room Pen Cong" in the Ming Dynasty, which is considered as a lover or wife. After the death of Wu, he lived in seclusion with his teacher. Zheng Yang (Volume II) and Poems by Chen in Ming Dynasty also quoted Yue Jue Shu as saying that poems followed seclusion.

Third, the theory of falling into the water

Perhaps kind people don't want Shi, an innocent and weak woman, to have a tragic ending, so they find out the poem "Huansha" by Song, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty: "Once in the old capital, you can find beauty; According to "birds are surprisingly relaxed, fish are heavy and afraid of lotus flowers", it is believed that Shi returned to his hometown after Wu's death and accidentally fell into the water while washing gauze. This seems to be the most ideal, but it lacks the most evidence.

Fourth, the theory of killing

This statement can be said to be purely from legend. According to legend, when the King of Wu committed suicide and died, the Wu people vented their anger on their bodies, wrapped her in brocade and sank into the hinterland of the Yangtze River. According to Dongpo's Record of Foreign Bodies: "There are mermaids in the Yangtze River, also known as Xishi Fish. Their daily quantity is easy to change, and the meat is delicious. If women eat it, it can increase their charm. According to the cloud system, Xi Shi sank into the river and became an illusion. "

Among the four versions, Shen Hai's theory and Hermit's theory are the most popular, and the related evidence materials are also the most.

The reason for "sinking to the bottom of the sea" is:

Mozi? 6? The article "1 pro-scholar" says: "It is the death of old age, and its resistance is also; Meng Ben's killing was brave; Beauty of beauty lies in beauty of beauty. Wu Qi's split is also a matter. " Among them, the "God" in Xi Shi Shen means "God" in ancient times. The stone was submerged in the water and she died because of her beauty.

Zhao Ye's Wu Yue Chun Qiu in the Eastern Han Dynasty? 6? 1 One piece said: "The more you float in the west, the more you apply to the river, and you will die with the barbarians." "Magnolia" quoted the records of the history in the Spring and Autumn Annals as saying: "After Wu's death, the more he drifted across the river, the more he died. "Yang Shen's Complete Works of Taishi Sheng 'an in Ming Dynasty, volume sixty-eight, the beauty, Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Period cited by Xiuwen Yulan? 6? The article "1 piece" also said: "When the king of Wu was defeated, the more he drifted to the west and gave it to the river, the more he died with the barbarians. "The word' floating' here also means' sinking'.

In many literati's poems, there are also many descriptions about the stone sinking into the river and dying. Li shangyin once wrote a quatrain in Jingyang well: "Jingyang palace is sad, and the oath period is endless;" The water outside the Wu Palace is heartbroken, and the muddy mud is still buried. " Another poet, Pi Rixiu, also has a poem called Looking Back at the Ancient Palace. The fifth poem is: "the golden steps of the corridor, the corpses of the leading edge are collected and continued on the Apple Mountain; I don't know where the water is buried today, and the stream and the moon are bent. "

The reason for "seclusion" is:

Yuan Kang's "Moon Decision Book" in the Eastern Han Dynasty records that the moon is decorated with beautiful women and given to the king of Wu by doctors. Wu Wang Da Yue. "This is similar to Wu Yue Chun Qiu, but it has a different ending. According to legend, after the teacher died in Wu, he returned and went to the five lakes together. "

There are many descriptions of seclusion in ancient poetry. For example, Li Bai wrote in the poem "Xi Poetry": "Once the tea is broken, it will never come back."

Su Shi also wrote in the poem "Hidden in the Water Dragon": "When the five lakes smell the boat, they still take the calligraphy."

There is a sentence in Du Mu's Poem of Du Niang: "When he learned calligraphy in Gusu, he chased the barbarians one by one."

"Ci Hai" (revised edition) also said: "It is the son of Xi Shi. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Yue people were presented to Fu Cha, the king of Wu, by Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and became Fu Cha's favorite concubine. Legend has it that after Wu died, he entered the five lakes. "

Wu Yue Chun Qiu and Yue Jue Shu are contemporary works, but their records of historical ending are also different, which is the beginning of different versions of historical ending. Different opinions about the ending of the surname in ancient Chinese poetry are based on this. The author believes that to determine which is more reasonable, we must consult earlier works, and the key lies in how to understand two concepts: one is the understanding of "Xi Shi" in Mozi, and the other is the understanding of "Yi".

The first is the understanding of "Xi history". According to Shenhai Shuo, Mozi, which was earlier than Wu Yue Chun Qiu and Yue Jue Shu, clearly wrote the history of Shen Xi. Judging from the age of Mozi, he was born in about 468 BC and died in the first 376 years, while the Yue Wu died in 473 BC, and Mozi was just a little late. Mozi was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period, which is the end of wuyue's story. He is also a native, closely related to wuyue, or has heard or witnessed the heroic drama of wuyue's story, so he is the most authoritative witness. His record should be the closest to the historical truth. However, the author thinks that the surname in Mozi is a well-known beauty in the pre-Qin period, which is not only mentioned in Mozi, but also mentioned in Zhuangzi, Mencius, Everything is done wrong and Guanzi. Therefore, it is concluded that this Xi stone is different from the Xi Huansha map when wuyue was fighting for hegemony (see Textual Research on Xi Stone for details). "Pro-scholars" wrote: "Like doing things, it is also resistance. Meng Ben killed bravely. Beauty of beauty lies in beauty of beauty. Wu Qi's split is also a matter. " Among them, Bigan, Meng Ben and Wu Qi are all recorded in Sima Qian's Historical Records, so it can be concluded that there is a person in history, and it is inferred that Shi should also be a real person. When Sima Qian wrote about people and things related to wuyue's hegemony, he didn't mention stone at all, which proved that the stone mentioned in Mozi was not the beauty of wuyue's hegemony.

The second is the understanding of "Yi". What does "Yi Yi" mean? "Yi Yi" originally refers to a bird-shaped wine container made of bronze in Xia and Shang Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, wine was filled in skins, but it was still called "Yi". A Qing's "Notes on Ren Shutang" records: "During Qin and Gong Dynasties, people beheaded cattle and sheep, gouged out meat in the air as skins, and the big one received a stone, while the small one received two or three fights, which was called chaos, that is, the ancient one was easy." So "clothing" means a leather bag made of the whole skin of cattle and sheep. "Sinking into the sea" means "The more Xi Shi floats on the river, the more he dies with the barbarians". After the death of Wu, the King of Yue put Xi Shi in a leather bag and sank into the river. And continue to quote Wu Yue Chun Qiu? 6? It is recorded in 1 Biography of Fu Cha: "The King of Wu threw Zi Xu's body into the river with a weapon to defend against foreign countries." The word "Yi Yi" in this passage is synonymous with Wu Zixu. After Wu Zixu's death, he was put in a funeral instrument and thrown into the river. According to this understanding, the extension of the stone was given to the king of Wu by the King of Yue. After Wu's death, the King of Yue sank the stone into the river and went with Wu Zixu instead of rowing with him. However, the author still thinks that Wu Yue Chun Qiu is unofficial history, and what it records is not the truth of history. This is not credible. It is worth mentioning that the "Yi Yi" here, Du Mu thinks, is not a purse explanation, but refers to Fan Li, because Historical Records? 6? 1 The family of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, said that after his death in Wu, he changed his name and called himself Li Pi. The author thinks that replacing Fan Li with "Yi Li" is valid, because Fan Li lives in seclusion and tries to hide his name and prevent the King of Yue from killing him. It is impossible for him to take such a striking name as "Yi Li" which is associated with history and Wu Zixu's death.