(1) Extensive reading means extensive reading, which means reading has a wide range of knowledge and general knowledge. We should not only read books on natural science, but also books on social science. Excellent works with different styles in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad should be widely read in order to learn from others and broaden our thinking.
(2) Intensive reading
It is necessary to read carefully, think repeatedly, study repeatedly, and analyze and evaluate at the same time, so as to understand thoroughly and understand in the heart, so as to absorb the essence. Books and masterpieces of this major should adopt this method. Only by careful study and careful chewing can the article be "dug, researched and refined". It can be said that intensive reading is the most important reading method.
(3) Read through
That is, read the books, newspapers and magazines from beginning to end and have a general view, aiming at understanding, reading through and understanding the whole picture, so as to obtain a complete impression and obtain the effect of "bird's eye view and panorama". This method can be used for more important books, newspapers and magazines.
(4) Skip reading
This is a skipping reading method. You can put aside the irrelevant content in the book, grasp the bones and muscles of the book, and focus on the views of each paragraph. Sometimes when you encounter a problem in reading and you can't figure it out after repeated thinking, you can skip it and continue reading backwards.
(5) Fast reading
This is a fast reading method, that is, Tao Yuanming advocated "good reading, not asking for very much." You can take the "scanning method", read ten lines at a glance, browse the article quickly, and only understand the general idea of the article. This method can speed up reading and expand reading volume, and is suitable for reading similar books or reference books.
(6) Skimming
This is a rough reading method. When reading, you can just flip through it and get a general understanding; You can also grasp the key sentences of comments, find out the main points, and understand the main facts or typical examples. This part of the content is often at the beginning or end of the article, and you can get a general understanding by paying attention to the title, introduction or end to achieve the purpose of reading.
(7) Read it again
Valuable books and magazines should not be read only once, but should be studied repeatedly, so as to "review the old and learn the new" Voltaire, a famous thinker and writer, thinks that "rereading old books is like reunion of old friends". Repetition is the mother of learning. Repetitive learning is conducive to deepening the understanding of knowledge and is an enhancer for deepening memory.
(8) Writing and reading
The ancients said, "Don't read without moving pen and ink", and there was also a saying that "a good memory is not as good as a bad pen". The combination of reading with doing excerpts, remembering experiences and writing articles can not only accumulate a lot of materials, but also effectively improve the writing level, enhance reading ability and transform knowledge into skills and skills.
(9) Preface reading
Before reading, you can read the preface and examples, understand the outline of the content, make clear the procedure and purpose of writing a book, and read it with guidance. After reading it, you can read the preface and examples again to deepen your understanding and consolidate your improvement.
(10) Selected reading
Is to have a choice when reading. Throughout the ages, human cultural treasures are extremely rich. After all, a person's energy is limited, and there will be no good result if he doesn't choose. You can choose a targeted bibliography to read according to your own situation, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort.
What are the methods for celebrities to read?
1, Zhuge Liang: the reading method of "observing its outline"
Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms is well versed in reading, not only eager to learn, but also good at learning, which makes him "resourceful". Zhuge Liang's reading method is also beneficial to modern people. Zhuge Liang only "reads the outline" when reading. Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Jingzhou, and studied with Yingzhou, Xu Shu and Meng as friends.
Xu Shu and Meng studied the "excellent service". Xu Shu, who once "recommended Zhuge to mount a horse", learned a lot. "Bow down and get up early, always clean up alone, make moves first and listen to the classics" in order to be "fair and comfortable". Zhuge Liang is different from other students in reading. He is "looking at the big picture alone." He didn't get into the pile of books by rote, but read widely, take its essence and grasp its essence.
Zhuge Liang did not forget to eat and sleep, but worked and slept normally. "Every morning and night, he is calm and often screams with his knees." He said to his friends, "You guys can be the secretariat and defend the county politically." The three men asked Zhuge Liang about his career, and Zhuge Liang "laughed but didn't answer".
Later, it was proved that, Xu Shu, Meng and others should be "good at" reading, but they should only be secretariat and guard counties, while reading should be rough and refined. Zhuge Liang became a generation of saints.
2. Tao Yuanming: the reading method of "knowledge"
Tao Yuanming's "knowledge" reading method. In the Biography of Mr. Wuliu, he once wrote: "You are good at reading, not seeking more knowledge. Every time I know something, I will be so happy that I forget to eat. " Tao Yuanming pays attention to grasping the key points, eliminating the complexity and simplifying, and thinking independently. In fact, what he pursues is reading and understanding, focusing on understanding the deep will in the book, rather than picking up individual words.
3. Su Shi's reading method of "being attacked from all sides"
Su Shi, a famous writer in Song Dynasty, put forward and practiced a reading method in Answer to Wang Yaoshu. Su Shi said in his letter: "A teenager is a scholar, and all books count.
Books are like the sea, and department stores have everything. You can't have both, but each has his place. Therefore, I hope that scholars will make a request every time. "It means that a good book is like an ocean of knowledge, rich in content.
Then, when reading a good book, you can only read with one goal at a time, or you can only explore and study one aspect of the problem, but you can't involve other goals or problems at the same time. Therefore, every good book needs to be read several times, and it will gain something over time.
Su Shi himself read Hanshu in this way, learning the way of governing the country for the first time, the method of using troops for the second time, and the characters and official system for the third time. After several times, Su Shi became familiar with many aspects of Hanshu.
4, Chen Shan: "Book into Book" reading method.
Chen Shan, a native of Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a new story about lice, in which he wrote ┱ "How to get in and out of school. Go in at the beginning and come out at the end. See xian Si Qi, this into calligraphy; Very useful. It's calligraphy. I can't get into the book, I don't know the intentions of the ancients; If you can't publish a book, you will die in words. If you only know the difference, you have to do your best to study. "
The meaning of this passage is to know what you have learned when you are reading. To enter is to read into the book, thoroughly understand and master the essence of the book; Out is to jump out of books and be able to use book knowledge flexibly to solve practical problems. When you start reading, you need entrance, and the ultimate goal of reading is to ask for exit.
If you can't understand the book, you can't understand "The ancients are careful", that is to say, you can't understand the profound ideological content and brilliant literary skills in the book; If you can't jump out of reading, you will "die of words", that is, your mind will be bound by books and become a bookworm. Only knowing how to get in and out is a good way to study.
In fact, the method of reading in and out summarized by Chen Shan according to her own reading experience is to tell people to study alive, not dead. I should not only study hard, digest and absorb the nutrition in the book, but also use the knowledge in the book for me.
5, Zheng Banqiao: "accurate" reading method
The "essence" of Zheng Banqiao, a painter and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty, is to have a choice in reading, choose a good book and read excellent books; "Appropriate" means just right, and it should be suitable for your own level and work needs. He said: "Excellence is not asking for more, neither too much nor too much, but only Excellence can carry more." "Coarse is fine, not coarse is coarse."
In fact, Zheng Banqiao is not against extensive reading, but only emphasizes that extensive reading must be based on intensive reading, and the content of intensive reading must be linked with new knowledge and deepened around a topic. If you don't make progress if you read too much, you will be stuffed in your chest; If you don't pursue more perfection in reading, you can read the book and grasp the main points, but it doesn't mean that you understand it deeply and master it all.
Therefore, further exploration and research are needed, because the rich and profound connotation contained in the book is often "the more you explore and study, the more you know what to do." In intensive reading, Zheng Banqiao also pays more attention to "problems".
He thinks that the word "learning" needs to be taken apart. Learning is learning, and asking is asking. Today, people can learn without asking. Although they have read thousands of books, they are just a boring person. "He advocates reading and asking questions, which will make' the mystery lifted and the traces revealed'.
6. Ouyang Xiu: Reading method of "counting words every day and reciting them every day"
Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, summed up the reading method of "reciting numerals every day" according to his reading experience. He once selected ten books, such as The Book of Filial Piety, The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Songs, with a total of 455,865 words, and then stipulated to read 300 words every day, which took three and a half years to finish. Reciting the word 150 every day takes only seven years.
He said, "Although there are countless books, you can add more work as time goes on. Why not? " Indeed, over time, he recited many books. This kind of quantitative counting of words every day, continuous running water, many a mickle makes a mickle, has been proved to be an effective reading method in Ouyang Xiu's personal practice.
7. Dong Yu's "Trilingual" Reading Method
Dong Yu, a famous scholar in Han Dynasty, advocated using "the third watch" to study. Where is Sanduo? He said: "Winter has passed, night has passed, and rain has passed."
This means that in winter, there is no farm work, which is the free time of the year; It's dark at night and you can't go out for activities. This is the free time of the day. On rainy days, you can't work in the fields, which is also your spare time. Grasping these three kinds of free time to read will certainly have results.
Of course, the living environment and rhythm of Dong Yu's Han Dynasty were very different from our modern society, but his spirit of seizing all his spare time still applies today.
8. Zhang Pu: "Seven Burning" Reading Method
Zhang Pu, a scholar in Ming Dynasty, put equal emphasis on reading and writing, emphasizing "eyes, hands and heart". His reading method is divided into three steps: the first step is to copy a new article neatly on paper and read it silently while reading it. Step two, read aloud after copying. The third step is to throw the copied article into the stove, read it aloud and burn it immediately.
After burning, copy it again, read it out loud, and then burn it. Repeat this seven or eight times, and read an article more than ten times until you fully understand and recite it. Zhang Pu took this opportunity to study hard and become famous in one fell swoop. He named his study "Qi Faren Zhai" or "Qi Lu Zhai".
9. Gu: "Three readings" reading method
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, adherents cared for him, and he was good at reading and paid attention to reading methods. His "third reading" reading methods are "repetition", "copy" and "game". He stipulated to himself that he should review the books he had read in winter and summer every spring and autumn, that is, read and review once every six months, and review alternately while reading, which effectively enhanced his memory.
Every time he reviews, he puts a book in front of him so that others can read the same book. He recited while listening. If you find that what you recite is different from what you read aloud, look up the book immediately, correct it immediately, and repeat it several times. Gu always has to copy books by hand. This kind of learning method, which is both oral, hands-on and brain-thinking, greatly improves the efficiency of reading.