The two Jin Dynasties were a period of great turmoil in China. Due to the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, the armed forces of ethnic minorities in the north moved southward, which led to the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty. When the armed forces of ethnic minorities in the Western Jin Dynasty moved southward, the Jin Dynasty The royal family members of the dynasty rushed south in a hurry and fled to the south of the Yangtze River to establish the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In such a historical process, the vast number of literati experienced turbulence, and their life, thoughts and creations changed. As a result, some influential writers emerged.
01 One of the more typical representative writers of the Western Jin Dynasty
is Liu Kun (271-318), also known as Yueshi. A native of Weichang, Zhongshan (now northeast of Wuji County, Hebei Province).
Liu Kun was also an exaggerated young man in his early years. In the first year of Yongkang, the Eight Kings Rebellion broke out, and he worked hard for state affairs. Liu Kun's "Song of Caressing the Wind", four-character poem "Reply to Lu Chen", five-character poem "Reply to Lu Chen" and "Reply to Lu Chen" express patriotic emotions, full of grief and indignation, gushing heroic spirit, sincere and moving.
It is said in the volume of "Poetry" that "it is good at writing sad and cruel words, and it has a pure and uplifting spirit."
Another one is Guo Pu (276-324). The courtesy name Jingchun was born in Wenxi, Hedong (now Wenxi County, Shanxi). His "Jiang Fu" is as famous as Mu Hua's "Hai Fu". Fourteen of his "Poems on Traveling Immortals" are representative works.
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Zhong Rong's "Poetry" believes that his poems are "generous in words, far away from Xuanzong", "they are poems that express feelings, not immortals" Interesting." This is its innovation.
p> The Eastern Jin Dynasty was in a corner of peace, and the political power was controlled by aristocratic families such as Wang and Xie, and was later usurped by the warlord Liu Yu. Scholars in this period were still obsessed with empty talk and despised practicality. They cared about family interests but not the safety of the country, which led to literary creation being far away from reality. At the same time, because we were used to seeing wars and chaos, we were used to seeing peaceful things like Tao Yuanming's.
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the trend of advocating simple conversation became more popular in the Western Jin Dynasty, and the Xuanfeng was very popular. It affected the literature at that time and produced Xuanyan poetry. Xuanyan poetry refers to using poetry to discuss mysterious principles, or using mysterious principles into poems.
"Wen Xin Diao Long·Chronology": "Poems must return to the purpose under the pillars, and words are the meaning of Qiyuan." Its representative figures include Sun Chuo, Xu Xun, etc.
"Sun Chuo" (314-371), named Xinggong, was from Zhongdu, Taiyuan.
"Autumn Poems":
His "Ode to a Tour of Tiantai Mountain" is a mysterious tour of the mountains and rivers.
Tiantai Mountain is the most beautiful mountain in the world. When crossing the sea, there is the abbot Penglai, and when landing, there is the Four Heavenly Terrace. They are both the wandering and transformation places of Xuan Sheng and the caves and residences of immortals. Its majestic shape, the beauty of auspiciousness, the splendor of mountains and seas, and the magnificence of humans and gods. Therefore, if it is not listed in the Five Sacred Mountains and is listed in the Eternal Code, wouldn’t it be regarded as mysterious? The road is secluded and winding, sometimes the scenery is in the Chongming Ming, or the peaks are hidden in the Qianling Mountains. It starts from the path of ghosts and monsters, and tramples into the uninhabited land. It is rare in the world to climb the mountain, and the king is not allowed to sacrifice. The story is unique from the regular stories, and the name is marked by a strange era. However, the rise of images is not a vain thing.
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Xu Xun (birth and death unknown), courtesy name Xuandu, was born in Gaoyang Xincheng (now part of Hebei Province). If you like to travel around mountains and rivers, your body will climb to the top. People at that time said that "when the breeze is bright and the moon is bright, I often think about Xuandu."
"Shishuoxinyu·Pinzao" says: "Sun Xinggong and Xu Xuandu were both celebrities for a while. One may value high sentiments, but despise Sun's filthy behavior; Maybe you love Sun Caizao, but you don't want to ask for it."
Emperor Wen of Jian Dynasty, Sima Yu, said: "Xuandu's five-character poems can be said to be extraordinary."
03 Wang Xizhi
< p> Wang Xizhi (303-361), courtesy name Yishao, was born in the Wang family of Linyi, Langye (now part of Shandong). He was a general of the Youjun Army and an internal historian of Kuaiji. He was influenced by Xuanfeng, but he also criticized idle talk and was more concerned about the world. He is good at calligraphy, and his brief posts are short and meaningful, which can be called prose sketches.His "Orchid Pavilion Poetry" has four and five words, and is a representative work of Jin people using Xuan to describe landscapes.
Six Lanting Poems
Part 1
Metabolism moves from level to level, but suddenly it moves around.
I am glad that late spring is here, and the atmosphere is gentle.
Chanting and dancing, we are of the same mind in different worlds.
Meandering together, we are united, and our hearts are scattered.
Second
The elephant's luck is endless, and the rotation is endless.
It is not my cause to make Taohua, and it is not my control to come and go.
Zongtong is at peace, that is, it is natural and peaceful.
If the intention is not realized, it is enough to entangle interests.
If nothing happens, you will have a good time.
The third one
Three springs bring good things to the masses, and send them to the cause.
Look up at the blue sky and overlook the green waterfront.
The view with no cliffs is clear and clear, and the view tells the truth.
The great power of creation is uneven among all things.
Although the sounds of the group are different, they are nothing but new to me.
Fourth
Yi and his second and third sons are entrusted by Mo Qi.
Create the truth and explore the mysterious roots, and experience the world like a passerby.
My previous knowledge was not what I expected. The empty room is my home.
Why thank the past when we think about it thousands of years ago.
Appearance and non-existence are related, and the form and body fall off by themselves.
The fifth one
Distinguish the dirt and dirt, and stop stinginess.
The solid body has not changed, and the three cups of wine will relieve the punishment of heaven.
If there is no stopping, the aggressive attack will level out.
Although there is no silk or bamboo, the mysterious spring has a clear sound.
Although there are no whistles or songs, the chants are still sweet.
Have fun in one day and send it to thousands of years old.
The sixth one
The combination and dispersion make it permanent, and the shortening and fixation have no beginning.
Never stop creating new things and never start again.
It is a miracle now, and the place where I believe is the same as the dust.
Who can be free from such sentiments? The rest lies in reasoning.
It is said that the two will be immortal, but the river is clear.