According to Records of Arts and Literature in Han Dynasty and Chronology of Twelve Governors in Historical Records, when Confucius wrote The Spring and Autumn Annals, he and Zuo Qiuming visited the historical records of Lu. They acted according to the rules and remained humane. The calendar of holidays and months was fixed, and they were hired by the public with proper manners and music. Among them, some were praised and derogated, so they could not be stated clearly. They were dictated disciples. But the disciples later said different things. Zuo Qiuming was afraid that his disciples would lose their minds, so he discussed his skills and made a biography to prove that the master did not speak the scriptures in empty words. As for the second biography of Gonggu, it is the essence of oral transmission, and it was passed down for several generations before it was written. The biography of the ram was passed on to the ram of Qi State in the summer, and then to his son, and it was passed on by word of mouth. By the time of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, it was written by Gongyang Shou, the great-great-grandson of Gao, and Hu Musheng, the Qi people. When Gu Liang spread to who started writing the book, the historical records are unknown. According to Han Zhi's notes, it is only known that Gu Liangzi of Lu State was the inheritor. Yan Shigu notes that Gu Liangzi is famous for his happiness, Huan Tan's "New Theory" thinks that his name is red, Wang Chong's "Lun Heng" thinks that his name is set, and Ruan Xiaoxu's "Seven Records" thinks that he is famous. It is difficult to verify what the four are doing.
Edit Zuo Zhuan in this paragraph
Zuo Zhuan
The original name of Zuo Zhuan was Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and it was renamed Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Han Dynasty. According to old legend, it was written by Zuo Qiuming at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period to explain Confucius' Spring and Autumn Annals. Zuo Zhuan is essentially an independent history book. It started in the year of Luyin (722 BC) and ended in the 14th year of Lu Daogong (453 BC). Based on Chunqiu, it illustrates the outline of Chunqiu by describing the specific historical facts in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is one of the important Confucian classics. Zuo Zhuan is an important book to record the social situation in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is good at remembering things and people. The content is mostly based on royal archives, Lu Shi Ce's book, the history of vassal states, etc. The chronicle is basically in the order of Twelve Duke Lu in the Spring and Autumn Annals, including the engagement between vassal States, alliance, conquest, weddings and funerals, usurpation, etc., which has an important influence on later historiography and literature. It mainly records the decline of the royal family in Zhou Dynasty and the history of princes' hegemony, and records and comments on various etiquette norms, laws and regulations, social customs, ethnic relations, moral concepts, astronomical geography, calendar seasons, ancient documents, myths and legends, and ballads. Jin Fan Ning commented on the characteristics of "Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period" and said: "Zuo Shi is gorgeous and rich, but its loss is also a witch. Guliang is clear and graceful, but its loss is short. "Ram" is argued and cut, and its loss is also vulgar. " Of course, this is just a family statement. Zuo Zhuan is an important document to study the history of the pre-Qin period and the history of the Spring and Autumn Period. It represents the highest achievement of pre-Qin historiography and has a great influence on later historiography, especially on establishing the position of chronicle history books. It supplements and enriches the content of Spring and Autumn Annals, which not only records the historical facts of Lu, but also records the history of other countries. Not only remember political events, but also widely involve "small things" in various fields of society; First, change the running account method of the Spring and Autumn Annals, which is rich in content, and replace it with a systematic and organized method of compiling history books; Not only remember the historical facts in the Spring and Autumn Period, but also introduce many ancient historical facts. This greatly improved the historical value of Zuo Zhuan.
editing this paragraph of biography of a ram
biography of a ram
Biography of a ram, also known as Biography of a Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period and Spring and Autumn Period of a Ram, is an ancient book dedicated to the interpretation of the Spring and Autumn Period. Its starting and ending time is the same as that of the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, from 722 BC to 481 BC, and its interpretation history is very brief, with emphasis on the Spring and Autumn Period. The old title of the author of Biography of the Ram is that during the Warring States Period, the Qi people were taller than the rams. He was studied by Confucius' disciple Zi Xia and later became one of the three masters of the Spring and Autumn Annals.
edit this paragraph of biography of Gu Liang
Biography of Gu Liang
Biography of Gu Liang is the abbreviation of "Chun Liang Chun Qiu" and "Chun Qiu Chun Liang Zhuan", which was annotated for Chunqiu and is one of the Confucian classics. It is said that Zi Xia, a disciple of Confucius, orally handed the contents of this book to Bo Liangchi (also known as Bo Liangchi, with the beginning of characters), and Bo Liangchi wrote it down as a book, but in fact, although the oral legend of this book has existed for a long time, it was written in the Western Han Dynasty. Biography of Liang Dynasty is an important document to study the evolution of Confucianism from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty. The time recorded in Biography of Guliang started in the year of Luyin and ended in the 14th year of Lu Aigong, and the genre is similar to Biography of Ram. According to legend, its author is a disciple of Zixia, and during the Warring States Period, a native of Lu, Liang Chi (Red or Zuo Xi, Jia, Ju and Yan). At first, it was also taught orally, and it was not written until the Western Han Dynasty. Fan Ning, a Jin scholar, wrote A Collection of Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period, Yang Shixun in the Tang Dynasty wrote A Brief Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period, and Zhong Wenyan in the Qing Dynasty wrote A Supplement to the Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period, which is a good annotation for scholars in the Qing Dynasty.
editing the controversy in this paragraph
The two biographies of Ram and Gu Liang were written in the official script of the Han Dynasty, and they are called the biographies of Jin Wen Chun Qiu. Zuo Zhuan's writing is ancient prose. After the Qin Dynasty banned poetry, Zuo Zhuan was not seen in the world. In the Han Dynasty, it was given by Hou Zhang Cang of Beiping, which was called the Spring and Autumn Biography of Ancient Prose. The historical biography of Wen Xin Diao Long said: "The preacher turned to the imperial edict for later teaching.". Zuo Gonggu's three biographies were all transferred to the Spring and Autumn Scriptures for later generations, but Zuo Zhuan is detailed in the notes and Ram Guliang in the scriptures. The sutra must be interpreted according to the sutra, so what is missing in the Spring and Autumn Period is not mentioned by Ram Guliang. To narrate the facts, it is necessary to end the original. Therefore, Zuo's family may list the facts before the scripture to tell the beginning. Or put the fact after the scripture to end its meaning. Or what is missing in the Spring and Autumn Scriptures, and Zuo Zhuan is special about it. Or the owner of the spring and autumn period, and Zuo zhuan did not ruin it. Therefore, Dr. Jinwen in the Western Han Dynasty once said that Zuo did not preach the Spring and Autumn Period, but took the Ram Guliang as the true meaning of the Spring and Autumn Period. However, it is doubtful whether the ancient prose writers have read the present Wengong Valley and passed it down for generations without losing the meaning of a saint. From the Han Dynasty to the modern times, the dispute over the three versions of ancient Chinese prose has still not been concluded. There are some inaccuracies in Zuo's comments, but the facts are all based on the ancient official history. If you don't know the story, how can you judge right and wrong? Therefore, when studying the Spring and Autumn Period, you must take Zuo Zhuan as the root. Ram spread from Zixia to Gongyang Shou. After six times, it was all given and received by mouth and benefited by teachers. It is inevitable that it will not lose the meaning of a saint. However, the righteousness passed down from generation to generation has its roots. Gu Liangzi is a teacher with the ram, and his writing is less than that of the ram, but he has some essence or is inferior to the ram. This theory is fair. Many of the facts recorded by Zuo's family are beyond the ordinary people's understanding. For example, in the eighth year of Zhuang Gong, the Duke of Qi saw a big jackal in the wild, but it was changed by Peng Sheng, the son who died unjustly. The Duke of Qi was angry and shot it, and the jackal stood up and cried. Another example is that in the seventh year of Zhao Gong, Zheng Zichan told the story that Kun, the father of Yu Wang, turned into a yellow bear (a bear) after his death. There are many other things about ghosts and gods, as well as the period of fortune telling. This is indeed strange to scholars who pay attention to real life. Therefore, Fan Ning said in his preface to Gu Liang's biography: "Zuo's family is gorgeous and rich, but its loss is also a witch.". However, the more things are explained by reason, the wider the knowledge will be provided to scholars, so that scholars can deeply understand the cause and effect, broaden their horizons and explore the natural convenience of Confucian classics. Therefore, it is the right way to study the Spring and Autumn Period to give priority to Zuo Zhuan and adopt Gong Gu.
editing the practical significance of this paragraph
to read the Spring and Autumn Period, you must read three biographies, but you can't understand the words of the three biographies without comments. There are too many people who go to the Qing Dynasty, annotate and pass on the text, or study its essence, but the basic annotation should be the annotation in the Thirteen Classics. Zuo Zhuan, Jin Du pre-note, Tang Kong Yingda sparse. Ram biography, Han He Hugh note, Tang Xu Yan sparse. Gu Liang biography, Jin Fan Ning note, Tang Yang Shixun sparse. Each of the three biographies has its own example, so we can study the classics according to the example and enjoy ourselves, but we can't be paranoid and self-righteous. A Spring and Autumn Annals is a masterpiece of Confucius, whose knowledge is all-encompassing, and the meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals is so simple. Therefore, to study the Spring and Autumn Period, we should not limit ourselves to any one of the ancient Chinese prose, but should also explore the book of Yi Li poems in order to get a glimpse of the true meaning of the saints.