An examination of the "Poems of Prince Teng's Pavilion" inscribed on Nai'an's tomb
Shi Nai'an, whose real name is Yan Duan, whose given name is Zian, and whose courtesy name is Nai'an. There is a fake tomb of Shi Naian near Yongqing Temple in Heyang Mountain (now known as Fenghuang Mountain) in Zhangjiagang. In the past, a poem by Wang Bo on the Tengwang Pavilion was engraved on the tombstone. Why was Naian's fake tomb engraved with " "Poetry of Prince Teng's Pavilion"
What about. According to local county annals, the writer Shi Naian lived in seclusion in Yongqing Temple in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties and wrote the immortal masterpiece "Water Margin" in Wenchang Pavilion. Today, there are still inkstone washing pools and Jiao water pools here. remains.
The tomb is said to have been built by the descendants of brothers Chen Ju and Chen Ji. When Xuannai'an lived in Heyang Mountain, Chen Ju and Chen Ji were also in their hometown of Heyang.
Living in seclusion in the mountains, they often drank together and wrote poems, or traveled around the mountains and rivers, or discussed state affairs, or discussed Yin and Yang. They talked about everything and became close friends.
Chen Ji, whose courtesy name was Jingchu, was from Linhai. He was the author of "Yi Baizhai Collection" handed down to the world. After Zhang Shicheng's uprising, Chen Ji participated in Zhang Shicheng's military affairs. In the 22nd year of Zhengzheng, Zhang Shicheng became king. Chen Ji tried to stop him, but Shicheng wanted to kill him, but to no avail. Later, Zhang Shicheng was captured, and Chen Ji arrived in Nanjing with his entourage. He was pardoned by Zhu Yuanzhang, studied the history of the Yuan Dynasty in advance, and returned with gold. In the third year of Hongwu's reign, Chen Ji died in his residence in Heyang Mountain.
After Chen Ji's death, his descendants thought that Shi Naian was an old friend of their ancestors, so after Shi Naian's death, Chen Ji's descendants built Shi Naian in Heyang Mountain
Tomb of Naian.
The tomb is also said to be Shi Naian's tomb. It is located on the southwest slope of Heyang Mountain. It is recorded in the county annals that it was built by Xu Ke, the imperial censor of the Ming Dynasty. It was not destroyed until
1958.
As for Xu Ke, it is clearly recorded in the county annals: Xu Ke (1441-1516), named Gongsu, ranked eighth, and his old residence is now
Bafang Lane, Fenghuang Township, The original Duxianfang was known as Xu Badutang. He once served as the right deputy censor of the capital and the right minister of the Nanjing Ministry of Industry.
In the old days, there was an ancient vine next to Shi Naian's tomb, which covered the head of the tomb and the tombstone. The stele is made of bluestone, and the front of the stele is engraved in official script
The five characters "Shi Naian's Tomb" are engraved above and below the five characters, and the following seven words and four sentences from Wang Bo's "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng" are engraved. Rhyme (eight
sentences) ancient poem, the whole poem is as follows:
Teng Wang's high pavilion is near the river and the river, and he wears jade and rings, and he sings and dances.
The painted building is flying towards Nanpu clouds, and the bead curtain rolls into the west mountain rain at dusk.
The shadows in Xianyuntan Lake are long, and things change and the stars move several autumns.
Where is the emperor's son in the pavilion now? Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows freely.
These eight lines of poetry are carved in two places, the first four lines are on the right and the last four lines are on the left. There are seven words on a new line, which is "a sail"
Wind "Send to Prince Teng's Pavilion",
The last sign is "The Autumn of Renwu, with the laurel moon looking at the sun". According to the latest research, the year of Renwu should be the year of Renzhi in Ming Dynasty, which is Xu Ke 6
0 years old in 1502. According to the legend of the Xu family's ancestors, Xu Badudang built a tomb for his birthday when he was sixty years old. Xu Ke is the great-grandson of Xu Qi (1361-1446). Shi Naian once visited Xu Qi's family in the mansion during the Zhizheng period of the Yuan Dynasty, when Xu Qi was 5-7 years old.
Why is Wang Bo’s Tengwang Pavilion poem engraved on Shi Naian’s tombstone? The people in Zhangjiagang said that Wang Bo's "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" wrote about the heaven, earth, people, sun, moon and stars. Shi Naian wrote "Water Margin" and also wrote about heaven, earth, people, sun, moon and stars. Shi Naian wrote "Water Margin". "Biography" is
"empty" in Changshu dialect, which means fabricated, just like Wang Bo wrote "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion".
After an in-depth study of the "Poetry of Prince Teng's Pavilion" inscribed on Naian's tomb, I thought that Shi Naian and Wang Bo not only had the same name (both named Zi'an), but also had ***
the same life experiences - - There is no way to serve the country, and there is no way to ask for help.
Wang Bo (650-676?), courtesy name Zian, was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Jishan County, Shanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty. He was Conghui since childhood
He was six years old. That is to say, you can write articles. He passed the imperial examination at the age of fourteen. He once served in Guozhou and joined the army. He was dismissed from office twice due to circumstances and has always been in a low position.
When he was twenty and eight years old, he crossed the sea to visit his father, drowned and died of fright (some people have verified that he died a few years later). Wang Bo is as famous as Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, and King Luo Bin, and is known as the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty". He is the author of "The Collection of Prince An" and his representative work in parallel prose is "The Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng".
"Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng" is a preface to a banquet written in parallel style, but the author is not limited to describing the towers and describing the banquet,
but also telling the true feelings, which is mainly It is the sentimental feeling of not appreciating talent. "I have no way to ask for a tassel, waiting for the weak crown of the final army; I have a heart to cast a pen, admiring the great success of my ancestor." It is this kind of repeated expression of the sorrow of not being met, which has triggered the emotions of many people for thousands of years. ***Ming. Mr. Wen Yiduo
When talking about the "Four Heroes", he said: "They are all young but talented, low-ranking but famous. Their behavior is quite romantic, and their experiences are particularly tragic."
In fact, in feudal society, this situation was not limited to the "Four Elites", and why was it not the case for Shi Naian?
Wang Zhongqi, a scholar during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, said in "In Praise of China's Three Major Novelists": "Shi Shi has been a beggar since he was a child.
As an old man, he has not been rewarded. His ambitions, his pain at the darkness of society, and his hatred for the tyranny of the imperial court, constitute this book out of his own ideals." During the reign of Guangxu, Jiang Yinxiang, also known as Bosui, wrote in "Menghuaguan Bi Tan": "Nai'an has a vast knowledge of the present and the past, and is extremely talented and outstanding." The scholars were skilled in all kinds of techniques including astronomy, geography, fortune-telling, astrology, and physiognomy. In the early years of Hongwu, he lived in seclusion in Jiangyin.
He set up a museum to teach disciples and had many scholars... ...Whenever the spring and autumn days are beautiful, I bring a book, a bottle, and a boy with me to drink, and go up the mountain. I'm near the water, drinking heavily, and chanting in my arms, as detached and unrestrained as a god. "
Tengwang Pavilion, Yellow Crane Tower and Yueyang Tower are the three famous towers in the south of the Yangtze River. The former site of Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province is located at the "Tou of Wu and Chu".
It is a battleground for military strategists of all dynasties. There were frequent wars in the Ganjiang River and even the Poyang Lake area, such as the battle between Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang at Poyang Lake for eighteen years. The inscription of Wang Bo's poem on Naian's tomb has its own connotation. It is by no means a random act. It must be related to Wu Wang Zhang Shicheng.
The "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" says, "I hope that Chang'an will live in peace under the sun, which means that Wu will meet in the clouds." It means: Looking at Chang'an in the distance under the sun, pointing out Suzhou
among the clouds. Under the sun, it also implies that Chang'an is the capital (in ancient times, "Rixia" was the capital). Wu Hui: Wu County, now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Yunjian: Yunzhong, also alluding to the ancient name of Wu (the ancient name of Wu is "Yunjian"). In Wang Bo's words: "One word is a poem, and all four rhymes are completed", which means that this preface means writing a poem at the same time, with four rhymes, which means eight lines of "Poetry of Prince Teng".
Everyone knows that Shi Naian’s Yuan song "Farewell on the Autumn River" and Wang Bo also wrote a poem "Farewell on the Autumn River": recorded for reference:
It is early autumn in a foreign country, Jiang The bright moon in the pavilion leads to the river flow.
I feel sad about the passing of the river, and look back at the Jin tree to leave the boat.
Returning to the boat and riding back is like a journey, with the south and north of the Yangtze River looking at each other.
Who said that the waves are just one river, but the mountains and rivers are two villages.
It can be seen from this that talented people such as Wang Bo and Shi Naian had no place to use military force, no way to serve the country, and no way to ask for military services. Therefore, Naian's tomb
engraved Wang Bo's "Poetry of Prince Teng" "It is an expression of frustration, a criticism of the times, and an indictment of society. This is the deep meaning of Shi Naian's tomb inscription "Poetry of Prince Teng's Pavilion".