This article was written in memory of Liu Zongyuan in the fifteenth year of Han Yuyuan's reign (820). Epitaph, an ancient style, is used to record the lineage, life and descendants of the deceased, carved on a slate and placed in a tomb. Although Han and Liu have different political views, Han Yu spoke highly of Liu Zongyuan's outstanding literary talent and great creative achievements, highly praised his excellent moral character of caring about the sufferings of the people and paying attention to making friends, and expressed regret and sympathy for his failure to get help from others after being relegated, which led to 14 years of poverty and eventually died in the relegated house. According to the usual practice, epitaphs should cover up evil and promote good for the dead. However, the author did not praise blindly, but adopted the writing method of historical biography with both praise and criticism, although his praise and criticism may not necessarily conform to the historical facts because of his political stance. The article is sincere, full of pen and ink, powerful and profound, and it is worthy of being a masterpiece in ancient epitaphs.
Thick children are taboo. Qi Zuqing [1] served as Tuoba Wei's assistant [2] and sealed the public [3]. The prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, Zeng Bozu Ying [4], together with Chu Suiliang [5] and Han Yuan [6], offended Wuhou [7] and died during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Huang Kao taboo town [8], with his mother abandoned Dr. Taichang [9], seeks for Jiangnan county magistrate. Since then, I have never flattered the powerful [10] and lost my empire. The death of dignitaries as their agents is a return to worship the imperial history. The number is upright, upright, upright, upright, upright, upright, upright, upright, upright, upright.
If the child is thick and sensitive, it is easy to approach. When he caught his father, although he was a teenager, he was an adult, able to sit in the position of Jinshi [1 1] and become a prominent figure [12]. People say that Liu has a son. Later, he won Jixiantang Zhengzi [14] and Lantian Wei with erudite macro [13]. Han [15]. It is proved that Li Jian Feng Fa [16], who has been in and out of the history of the ancient philosophers, has often lost his seat and his reputation has been greatly improved. He is eager to make friends with him for a while. Gentlemen, dignitaries want to leave our door [17], recommend it. In the 19th year of Zhenyuan, Lantian Baiwei supervised the censor. Shunzong acceded to the throne and worshipped the foreign minister of the Ministry of rites. Offenders offend [18], and the example is the secretariat [19]. Before he arrived, he demoted Yongzhou Sima. Living in leisure and benefiting from self-study, keep in mind that [20] means flooding and stopping storage [2 1], being deep and boundless [22] and being in the mountains and rivers [23].
Yuanhe, a tasting example, was called to the capital, and it was also a secretariat, and he got Liuzhou because of his thick son. When he arrived, he sighed, "Isn't politics evil enough?" Because of its local customs, in order to establish a religious ban [24], the citizens of the state came [25], and their custom took money from men and women [26] and redeemed it from time to time, but their children were not slaves [27]. Zi Hou and Ji Fang were ordered to redeem. Those who are particularly poor and can't do this should become servants. If they are enough, they should return to their quality. Observation made him punished in other States [28], more than one year old, and thousands of people returned freely. To the south of Hengxiang, scholars all take Zi Hou as their teacher. Under the guidance of Cheng Zihou, people who regard paintings as literary words all know that they have considerable statutes.
Called to the capital and returned to the secretariat, Liu Mengde and Yu of Zhongshan were also sent to Yizhou [29]. Zi Hou cried: "Bozhou is not inhabited by the people, but the dream is in the hall [30], so I can't bear to dream of poverty [3 1], so I have nothing to say with adults;" And there is no mother and son. "Please go to worship Shu [32]. I am willing to sow with Liu Yi. Although I am offended, I won't hate it. In case a person dreams of something [33], he dreams of stabbing Lianzhou instead. Oh! Poverty is righteousness. Today, the husband and wife are in love with each other in Curie Lane, chasing each other in wine and food games [34], laughing hard [35], shaking hands and showing off their lungs and liver, pointing to tears in the sky, vowing to live and die, if it is true; Once you have a small stake on your face, it's just like Moby. If you don't know each other, you will fall into a trap. If you don't help each other, you will fall into a stone. This is suitable for animals to do what they can't bear to do [36], but people think they have a plan. Smell the thick wind, and you can feel less ashamed.
When I was a teenager, I went forward bravely and didn't care about myself [37], saying that achievements could be achieved, so I sat down and retired [38]. Retreat without knowing who has the strength to get a position [39], so die poor people [40], things are useless to the world, and Tao is out of date. When Zi Hou was in Taiwan Province [4 1], he kept his body [42], and when he was able to be a Sima and a secretariat, he refused. When you are fired, there are others who can be dismissed, and they will be reused. However, after a long time, Zi Hou was extremely poor. Although it was written by a man, there is no doubt that his literary works can not be independent and will be passed down to the future. Although the child is as thick as he wants, he will be in a moment, and he can distinguish between gains and losses.
Zi Hou died in 14 1 1 8/month at the age of 47. /kloc-July 0/5 10 was buried next to Wannian ancestral grave [43]. Zi Hou has two sons and two people; Long Saturday, starting from the age of four; On the seventh day of the season, Houzi died. Two women, both young. It is also buried, and all the expenses are to make Hedong Pei Junyi stand still [44]. There is a line, and Li Rannuo [45], and Zi Hou make friends, Zi Hou is also doing it, relying on strength. The man who buried his son thicker than the tomb of ten thousand years is his uncle Lu Zun. Compliance, outstanding people [46], cautious, tireless in learning. Since the child is rudely reprimanded, obedient and family, arrest him to death. In the past, if a child was buried thick, he would have to broker his home [47], but there were always people.
Yue Ming:
It's just a thick room [48], which is both solid and safe for the benefit of later people [49].
To annotate ...
[1] Seven Ancestors' Celebration: According to historical records, he served as an assistant in the Northern Wei Dynasty, entered the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and was made public. His son Liu Dan was appointed assistant minister of Zhongshu in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and was made Duke of Yin Ji. There may be a typo here, or a mistake.
[2] Tuoba Wei: refers to the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Because the monarch was named Tuoba, it was called Tuoba Wei in history. Attendant: The official name, the emperor's retinue official, took the opportunity to ask for it in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
[3] Gong: Yin Ji, the name of Northern Wei County, is located in Heze County, Shandong Province. Male, the first of the five knights in ancient times.
[4] Zeng Bozu Xuan (): Liu Xuan was the grandparents of Queen Tang Gaozong (Li Zhi) and was a minister in the early Tang Dynasty. Later, Emperor Gaozong wanted to abolish Queen Wu Zhao (with the same photo) as the queen, and Han Ai contended with Chu Suiliang. Someone is falsely claiming that he rebelled against Han and Chu, and was killed in Aizhou Secretariat. Liu Shi is Gao Bozu of Liu Zongyuan, and here is Zeng Bozu. This may be a mistake.
[5] Chu () Sui Liang: The word Deng Shan, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, was a former minister, and the official minister was a servant. He was demoted many times for opposing Wu Zhao becoming queen.
[6] Han Ai: The word, once a servant, wanted to abolish the king and queen, and Han Ai cried and remonstrated, which was not adopted. Chu Suiliang was demoted, and he tried his best to rescue him. Later, he was demoted to the secretariat of Zhou Zhen (now Yaxian County, Guangdong Province).
[7] Wuhou: Qi Ming, also known as Zetian, was the queen of the Tang Dynasty. When Emperor Gaozong participated in state affairs, after Emperor Zhongzong ascended the throne, she called herself emperor. She has been in power for sixteen years, and has actually been in charge of state affairs for more than forty years.
[8] Imperial Examination: After the death of ancient parents, it was called Imperial Examination, also known as Imperial Examination and Imperial Examination. The emperor means greatness and beauty.
[9] Doctor Taichang: In the Tang Dynasty, there were four doctors in Taichang Temple who were responsible for offering sacrifices and discussing posthumous title.
[10] dignitaries as their agents: it refers to Prime Minister Dou Shen. After Jin Ryu was promoted to the rank of imperial envoy in the temple, he refused to frame the imperial envoy Muzan together with the prime minister Dou Shen, and rehabilitated Muzan's unjust imprisonment. Dou Shen used this as an excuse to be demoted to Kuizhou Sima.
[1 1] Jinshi: Tang Dezong Zhenyuan nine years (AD 793), Liu Zongyuan 2 1 year old, middle Jinshi.
[12] Brilliance: sublime and outstanding. See (xiàn): same as "now". See the first corner: a metaphor for young people to show their talents.
[13] Bo Xue Hong Yan: One of the subjects of selecting scholars in the Tang Dynasty was to select scholars with extensive knowledge and gorgeous articles, and awarded official positions after winning the prize. Liu Zongyuan was a scholar in the twelfth year of Zhenyuan.
[14] The orthography of Jixian Temple: Jixian Temple, officially signed, is the full name of Jixian Temple Academy, which is responsible for publishing and compiling ancient books and looking for lost books. Orthography, official name, in charge of the classics of the school magazine.
Han: Jie Jun can be great. Lien Chan, Zheng Fang is brave.
[16] Zhuang (zhuó) Li: prancing posture. Wind hair: mental work. To be resolute and vigorous means to express your opinions, be knowledgeable and be energetic.
[17] Out of my clan: In ancient times, dignitaries sought to attract talents in order to strengthen their power, and then they were recommended by their clan as officials. The person he recommended claimed to be a protege and a protege. Out of my door, such as being my own student.
[18] User: The authority refers to Wang He and Wei Zhiyi. Wang, as assistant minister of the Ministry, won the trust. Seeing the political darkness at that time, he wanted to carry out reforms, so he promoted Wei Zhiyi to Zuo Cheng, Senior Minister Ping Zhang (quite a prime minister), and even cited newcomers such as Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi. After Xian Zong ascended the throne, Wang was demoted and Liu Zongyuan was demoted.
[19] Example: Example, all together. Go out and send it out of Beijing. Historical Secretariat; In Yongzhenyuan (AD 805), Liu Zongyuan joined the Wang Party and was demoted as the secretariat of Shaozhou (now Shaoyang City, Hunan Province).
[20] Reciting: Reciting and reading refer to studying hard.
[2 1] Flood stop: Take water as a metaphor. Overflow, describing Wang Yang's writing style; Stop storing and describe a powerful and concise style.
[22] Yayun (Si): The original meaning is the water's edge. It is used as an edge here.
[23] Self-indulgence: Self-indulgence.
[24] teaching prohibition: enlightenment and prohibition.
[25] Shun Lai: Obedience and trust.
[26] pledge: pledge, mortgage. Pledge: mortgage the physical object (children in the text) to others and borrow money to use it.
[27] Subbook: Interest and capital. Xiang Yu (móu): Equality.
[28] Observation Ambassador: official name, also known as observation ambassador. During the Tang Dynasty, the whole country was divided into fifteen prison areas, called Dao. Every road has an observer, an official sent by the imperial court to inspect the achievements of state and county officials. Next: the superior official issued a document, which means execution.
[29] Bozhou: West of Zunyi County, Guizhou Province.
[30] Pro: This refers to the mother.
[3 1] poor: awkward. Contrary to "reaching", it is politically suppressed and there is no way out.
[32] Worship Shu: Play Shu in the Emperor.
[33] The vain dreamer: refers to Pei Du and Cheng in the Imperial Review. He wrote a letter to Xianzong, saying: "Yu Xicheng is guilty, but his mother is old and his son is dead. Good can hurt people." Xianzong therefore made Liu Yuxi the secretariat of Lianzhou.
[34] Expropriation: Expropriation, invitation. Follow, follow. Expropriation means that friends invite each other to play.
[35] x ǔ): Xu Xu (getting along well. Take off: Take a humble attitude and show that you are willing to live under each other.
[36] Yi land: refers to ethnic minorities in general. Here, animals and wild animals are mentioned side by side, which shows the prejudice of the ancients against foreigners.
[37]: Gu. Borrow, love.
[38] Sit: Sitting is guilty because ... is punished.
[39] Push and pull: lifting.
[40] The poor: poor, poor. Place of origin, remote place. Poor people: refers to poor and remote border areas.
[4 1] Make: hypothetical conjunction, if. Taiwan Province Province: Yushitai, Taiwan Province. Province, Zhongshu Province. Refers to Liu Zongyuan as the founder of Jixian Hall (Zhongshu Province) and the producer of Shi Yu (Yushitai).
[42] Self-restraint: self-restraint. If you don't take part in the political reform movement of Wang and Wei.
[43] Ten thousand years: in the territory of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province today.
[44] Pei Jun was born in Jishan, Jiangzhou (now Jishan County, Shaanxi Province). In the 12th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 17), he was the Laureate Observer, and Liu Zongyuan was his subordinate. Jishan was originally under the jurisdiction of Hedong County, which was the mansion in the river in the Tang Dynasty. In this article, the name "Hedong Pei Jun" is used for the name of the old county. [45] Ran Nuo: It's all the voice of reply. Li Rannuo, he said to establish credit, and he promised others that he would certainly do it.
[46] Zhuo: Today, Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province.
[47] Agent: Manage cooking.
[48] Room: the grave, the place where the dead are buried.
[49] Heir: descendants.