As early as the ancient tribal leader Yu period (about 2 1 century BC), Guo was named Kaiji. Guo has a long history.
1. Xia Dynasty followed Ai Guo and Guo Zhi.
The ancient book records that "Yu takes two dragons as the emperor". "There was a Guo Hou in ancient times, and there was a commander in chief in the Xia Dynasty." Ai is a descendant of Guo Yu, the youngest son of the Yellow Emperor. And Guo Zhi are the earliest Guo family figures recorded in China. Therefore, in the history of our country, Guo Zhihe, a Xia native of Yangcheng (now Dongling Town, Dengfeng, Henan Province), was regarded by later generations as the ancestor of the Guo family, and Henan was the earliest residence of the Guo family in China.
2. Since Guo Chong in Shang Dynasty.
According to the Three Classics, Guo Chong is a descendant of Ai Guo. Therefore, Guo Chong in Shang Dynasty is also considered as the ancestor of Guo. Some descendants of Guo Chong lived in Liaocheng, the fief of Guguo in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which is the vast area of Shandong and Liaodong Peninsula today. Later generations called Zhongshan Guo family and Guantao Guo family its branches.
3. From Ji's surname
The surname Ji originated from the Yellow Emperor. According to Records of the Historian, the real name of the Yellow Emperor was Gongsun and Xuanyuan, but it was renamed Ji because he lived in Jishui for a long time. Huangdi is the greatest emperor in ancient legends of China and the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Among the most popular 100 surnames in China, more than 70 surnames are directly or indirectly derived from Ji's surname. He has 25 sons, among whom 14 has their surnames, *** 12 (there are people with the same surnames, so 14 has 12 surnames), and Ji's surname comes first. Hou Ji, Zhou's ancestor, was the son of the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and inherited Hou Ji's surname. There is also an absurd legend about Hou Ji taking Ji as his surname. Hou Ji's mother, Jiang Yuan, is the queen of Yuan Pei, Di Ku. Once she went out for a field trip and was very happy to see the footprints of the courtiers, so she stepped on them. Then she moved like a pregnant woman and soon gave birth to a boy. This child is the later Hou Ji. When Hou Ji grew up, he became Yao's agricultural official and parishioner, and was honored as "Shennong" by later generations, giving her surname and becoming the ancestor of Zhou. The Yellow Emperor gave birth to Chang Yi, and after dozens of grandfathers such as Di Ku, Hou Ji, Unyielding, Wang Shu and Ji Li, he gave birth to three sons, Ji Chang, the second child and the third child Guo Shu. Seal for Hou, Guo Shu seal in the west, between JUNG WOO. Uncle Guo Sun Shi Juyang Qu, nicknamed Guo Gong.
The descendants of Guo surname in Zhou Dynasty are the largest and most important branch of Guo surname today. They took Guo Wei as their surname, which originated from Ji's surname and was mostly related to Henan and Shanxi.
In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Guo Shu, the brother of Wang Jichang, was named in the West and East Guo. Guo Guo's "Guo" is an pictographic character, which was first seen in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the first phase of Yin Ruins. This shape is from the hand, from the fist, from the tiger, with one hand pressing the tiger, and with one mobile phone, trying to kill the tiger. The original intention is to fight (or attack) the tiger with both hands. Dong Guo's address is in the northeast of Xingyang City, Henan Province today. At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou royal family declined, and Shen Hou colluded with dogs to make an insurrection and was killed in Lishan Mountain, forcing the Zhou royal family to move eastward. At that time, Zheng Wugong and Jin Wengong helped Zhou Pingwang to move eastward to Luoyang, which made great contributions and won the respect of Wang Ping. At the same time, they moved Zheng from Shaanxi to Henan (namely Dongguo) and Iraq. In order to establish the State of Zheng, Zheng Wugong destroyed Taitai in the second year (769 BC) and annexed Dongtai in the fourth year (767 BC). From then on, Augustus Zheng became stronger and stronger, which aroused the dissatisfaction of the vassal states. Chu took the opportunity to attack Zhou Pingwang and led Lu Hun (located in the northeast of Song County, Henan Province) to Luoyang. Afraid, I sealed the preface of Guo Shu's grandson Guo in Yangqu (located in Beiyangqu County, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) and called it "Guo Gong". Because Guo and Guo Yin are the same, "Guo Gong" is also called "Guo Gong", so his descendants became Guo.
Xiguo, which was sealed by Guo Shu, split in two after moving eastward. People who live in xia yang (Pinglu County, Shanxi Province) are called the Northland, that is, the ancestral temple country, because they are facing the river. People who live in Shangyang (now Shaanxi) are called Southland. In the summer of 658 BC, the fake Daoziyu (Yu, the name of the country, so the address is in the north of Pinglu County, now called the ancient city) cut Guo, defeated Yang and destroyed the northern Guo. In 655 BC, he pretended that the country was in danger and succeeded Yang, but the southern country died. On the way back to the division, it was in danger and the country was destroyed. The people of Guo and Yu moved to Guayan (now between Xiaoyi and Fenyang) where Guo lived, which was called Guo Cheng; The place where people live in danger is called Yucheng. This is the origin of Guo City and Yu City in Fenyang County today. "Taiping Universe" contains: "Yu and Guo two cities. According to legend, Jin destroyed Yu and Guo, moved their people here and built a city to live in. " If Yangqu is the land of Guo's surname, then Guo Cheng (now Fenyang) is the place where Guo people live. Yangqu and Guo of Guo Cheng are descendants of Guo Shu. Xiao Guo, who was left behind after the western Guo moved eastward, was destroyed by Qin in the early Spring and Autumn Period. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guo Xu, a descendant of Yangqu, was named Quanguo. When Tang Gaozong was prime minister Guo Daiju, he was a descendant of a powerful country. Guo was a prime minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty and a descendant of Guo Tai. Guo Tai, Zi, lives in Jiexiu. Teacher song, Broadcom classic master, student leader, and friendship, famous in Beijing. After returning to his hometown, he refused to call up many times and won people's admiration. The disaster of partisan struggle began, and thousands of disciples gave lectures behind closed doors. After that, he traveled around and became famous in the world. People from all over the world will come for burial after death. The book Guo Youdao Monument written by calligrapher Cai Yong has been handed down to this day, and there is a forest of steles in Fushan, Taiyuan.
Yuan He Shi, usurped by the Tang Dynasty, wrote: Guo Shu, his brother, thought he was a surname and was named Guo Gong. "Ram Biography" says: Guo Weiguo, the voice turns. Zuo Zhuan said: Guo was in Qi, Guo Kun was in Yan, and Situ Guo Dan and Guo Tai were in the later Han Dynasty. Preface to Guo's Genealogy: "The surname Guo belongs to Zhou. Lin Zongzhen Han, Taiyuan Fenyang sees the world. For thousands of years, there have been two people, Guo Jiada.
4. Take the fief as the surname
According to historical records, Guo's ancestors took the fief "Guo" as their surname. Because Guo and Guo changed at the same time, Guo and Guo exchanged surnames.
5. Take the household registration as the surname
In ancient China, there were people who lived in Cheng, Guo, Yuan and Chi, and their surnames were Cheng, Guo, Yuan and Chi respectively. Among them, people who live in Guo (that is, outside the city, the ancient word "Guo" means outside the city) take their place of residence as their surname and form the surname Guo.
Distribution of Guo surname
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Guo family moved to Shandong, Hebei and other places except Henan, Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, some members of the Guo family moved to the south of the Yangtze River. In the Han Dynasty and for a long time thereafter, Taiyuan was always the center of the development and reproduction of the Guo family. In addition, Guo lived in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Sichuan, Anhui and other places in the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Guo Cheng was a Fuchun native (now Zhejiang). Guo Fan, a native of Wuchang (now Hubei) in Jin Dynasty, and Guo Pu, a native of Wenxi (now Shanxi), fled to Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) at the end of Western Jin Dynasty. At the beginning and the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Guo family of Henan moved to Fujian twice: first, Guo Shuweng, a native of Gushi, Gwangju, followed him into Fujian and settled in Guodai Township, Longxi, assisted by Guo Yi and Chen's father and son; First, I want to enter Fujian with my brother Wang, and my home is in Xinning. His descendants spread in Xianyou, Putian and Pengdao townships in Nan 'an. 1 127, fled to the south, and a large number of people from the Central Plains fled to the south of the Yangtze River, living in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi, including many people named Guo. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the Guo family in Fujian moved to Taiwan Province Province, and later dispersed in Changhua, Chiayi and Kaohsiung counties, and later developed into one of the top ten surnames in Taiwan Province Province, and some people migrated to Europe, America, Southeast Asia and other places.