Wang Xizhi (303-36 1, 32 1-379), a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has few words. Originally from Langya (now Linyi, Shandong), I now live in Yinshan Huiji (Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The officers of the right army generals will review the internal history and be called "Wang Youjun". He came from a noble family in the Jin Dynasty. When Wang Xizhi was twelve years old, his father taught him the theory of brushwork. "If you use an outline, you will realize something." When I was a child, I studied calligraphy with the famous female calligrapher Mrs. Wei. Later, he visited the famous mountains in You Jiang, where he learned from foreigners, learned from foreigners, and learned from Zhong You. Observing and learning "how to combine multiple methods to prepare a family" has reached the height of "more expensive than others, the best in ancient and modern times".
Compared with Han Dynasty and Western Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style is characterized by exquisite brushwork and changeable structure. Wang Xizhi's greatest achievement is to increase and destroy the ancient law and turn the simple calligraphy style of Han and Wei dynasties into exquisite and beautiful calligraphy style. In a word, the introduction of Chinese character writing from practicality to the realm of paying attention to techniques and tastes is the awakening of calligraphy art, which indicates that calligraphers not only discover the beauty of calligraphy, but also can show it. Few later calligraphers have not copied Wang Xizhi's calligraphy posts, so they have the reputation of "book saints". His regular script, such as Le Yi Lun, Huang Ting Jing and Dong Fangshuo Hua Zan, was quite famous in the Southern Dynasties, leaving various legends, and some even became painting themes. His cursive script is honored as "the sage of grass" by the world. There is no original trace in the world, and there are many calligraphy books, such as Seventeen Sticks, Le Li Yi in Small Letters, Huang Tingjing and so on. Copy the outline of ink, there is a hole in the middle post, Lanting [Feng Chengsu Copy] sequence, clear post in the snow, diligent funeral post, funeral post, far official post, aunt post, safety post and line post. His calligraphy of Preface to Lanting Collection is vigorous and beautiful, fresh and natural. Is the masterpiece of Wang Xizhi's life, since ancient times. Known as the best running script in the world!
2. Calligrapher (Tang Dynasty)-Ou Yangxun
Ou Yangxun was born in Linxiang, Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan). The world says that Ouyang leads many people. The world calls his words "rate and style". Yu Shinan said that he "can get what he wants without choosing a pen and paper". Besides, he can write a good official script. In the fifth year of Zhenguan, the tablet of Xuzhou Cishifang was his official script. His calligraphy, with official script as the most. Examining its pen, it is both round and powerful. "Surprised in the grass, sending between clouds. Another example is King Kong glaring and Lux punching. " Among them, strokes such as vertical hook are still official strokes. The inscription he wrote on the Buddhist stupa of Huadu Temple, the inscription on the grandfather Wen Yanbo and the inscription on Huangfu's birthday are called "the first regular script in the Tang Dynasty". His regular script has a very serious procedure, both in pen and structure, which is most convenient for beginners. The Thirty-six Methods of Ouyang's Structure, which was circulated by later generations, is a structure writing method summarized from his regular script. His regular script "Zhang Hansi Sticking Bass" is long and vigorous. Ink handed down from generation to generation is especially precious. Ou Yangxun's son Ouyang Tong has a family of calligraphers. Both father and son are very famous in the book world and are called "Ouyang". Xiao Ouyang's "Taoist Monument" has a stronger sense of propriety, but it is too revealing and implicit. Yugong Gongbei, whose full name is Yugong Gongwen Gongbei, was dedicated to Shangshu by the right servant of the Tang Dynasty. In Zhao Han's graphite engraving, he commented: "This tablet is better than Huangfu and Jiucheng, but its calligraphy is neat and not under the second tablet." And sighed: "When the letter is over 80, the law is exquisite."
3. Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Tang Dynasty)-Yan Zhenqing
Tang Jingzhao is a man of ten thousand years, and he speaks eloquently. Kaiyuan Jinshi, moved to the palace as a counselor, was hated by Yang, the satrap of the plain, so the world called Yan Plain. During the Anshi Rebellion, Yan made great contributions to the fight against thieves. When he entered Beijing, he was an official minister, a prince and the founding father of the county, so he was also called Yan. When Li Xilie rebelled in Dezong, Prime Minister Qilu hated it and asked Zhenqing to persuade him. Left behind by Xilie, loyal and unyielding, he was killed.
Zhenqing is a descendant of Langya family, with a profound family background and achievements in letters; Written by Chu Suiliang and Zhang Xu, the style of writing is dignified and majestic in block letters, and the running script is vigorous and harmonious, changing from ancient law to its own style, which is called "Yan Ti". Song Ouyang Xiu commented: "Uncle Yan is like a loyal minister, like a martyr, like a moral gentleman. His dignity and respect are frightening at first sight, but the longer he takes, the cuter he becomes. " Not many people in the world see the treasure, but they never tire of it. "Painting Praise", "Many Pagodas Monuments", "Yan Monument", Zhong Nephew's Memorial Manuscript, "Ma Gu Xian Tan Ji", Yanjia Temple Monument, "Seating Confessions" and so on. It's all his masterpiece.
Yan Zhenqing's running script ink in the manuscript of offering sacrifices to his nephew. In Yuan Dynasty, Xian Yushu commented that this post was "the second running script in the world". In this original post, all the places where you are thirsty and holding a pen are vivid, which can make people see the process of writing a pen and the wonderful change of the nib, which is of great benefit to learning cursive. The original is now in the Palace Museum in Taiwan.
4. Calligrapher (Tang Dynasty)-Liu Gongquan
Liu Gongquan, whose real name is Hang Cheng, is from Jingzhao Garden (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province). Yuan is also a scholar of Chu, a school book lang, a bachelor of book service, and an official to a prince, so he is called Liu. He lived in the middle temple period, during which he experienced three dynasties: Mu, Jing and Wenzong. At this time, the calligraphy reform movement in the Tang Dynasty was basically successful, and the mission entrusted to Liu Gongquan by the times was not development but perseverance. Liu Gongquan's historical achievement is that he inherited Yan's achievements with innovative spirit and formed the historical theory of "Yan Gu", which drew a perfect end for the construction of calligraphy style in Tang Dynasty. "Old Tang Book" says: "Gong Li studied Wang Shu first, read all the modern books, and became a family of his own. At that time, ministers' memorial tablets were not allowed to write calligraphy, which was considered unfilial. Foreigners pay tribute and buy willow books here without signing money. " He learns the word Yan, but he can create new ideas by himself. Known as "Yan Gu", the world pointed out their differences in calligraphy. Liu avoids the strict heavy pen, which is generally flat and thin. He also absorbed the sharp and angular advantages of China's calligraphy, making stippling as crisp and deep as a knife. He also drew lessons from the tight structure of European regular script and the vertical trend of Yan Zhenqing regular script, and wrote a unique six-body style.
5. Calligrapher of past dynasties (Song Dynasty)-Huang Tingjian
Word Lu Zhi,No. Valley Road flyover,No. Weng, Jiangxi Xiushui people. Later people called him the Yellow Valley. The Biography of Wen Yuan in the History of Song Dynasty said: "The articles learned by Ting Zhang are naturally acquired. Chen Shidao said that his poetics is Du Fu, he is good at cursive writing and his writing style is unique. He, Chao and Qin Guan traveled in Sumen, collectively known as the four bachelors in the world. " He himself said, "I studied cursive script for more than 30 years, and I took Zhou Yue as my teacher at the beginning, so I was full of vulgarity for 20 years." Su Caiweng was too late, and the beautiful book was written by the ancients. Later, I got Zhang Changshi, Huai Su and Gao Xian's Mo Bao, so I can get a glimpse of their brushwork. "
His running script, such as Ge and Su Shi's cold food poems and postscript, and his pen, such as Feng Ban's "Miscellaneous Notes on Blunt Songs": "The pen starts from painting, returns to the left wrist, and actually draws to the right, but it jumps again, like a cloud meets the wind and returns." He wants to start from right to left, from the Tibetan front in the painting to the left pen, and then draw out, "no peace and no evil", deliberately changing pens; Go back to the pen and hide your cleverness. Good at hiding the front, paying attention to setbacks, and taking "painting bamboo as a book" gives people the feeling of "leisurely". Its structure comes from Yan's "Eight Guanting Jiangbao", and the middle palace is tightened, radiating outward from the center, stretching horizontally, such as rowing, supporting a boat, with great boldness and momentum. His personality characteristics are very obvious. When learning his calligraphy, we should pay attention to the "leisurely joy" and the extensiveness of the structure. As for his cursive script, Zhao Mengfu said: "Huangtai history books have the meaning of Zhang Changshi's roundness." "If you are an elegant person, it is admirable." We can see that his poem "Poem of Flower Spirit" is vigorous, clumsy and unfortunate, fat and thin, and "unusually vigorous". Its charm is no less than regular script. Please be seated and the brushwork is fluttering, which is a rare masterpiece.
6. Calligrapher (Song Dynasty)-Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), born in Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Jiangxi), is a famous symbol festival. Politicians, writers and thinkers in the Northern Song Dynasty. Wang Anshi's calligraphy is of primitive simplicity and far-reaching, and won the wonderful use of pens by people in Jin and Song Dynasties, and is often imitated by the soil. Outline of Yan Jing, a paper book, 29.9 cm long, the main book, every two texts are connected, with 72 lines of scriptures ranging from 23 to 36 words. Translation of The Book of Songs in Tang Dynasty. Ten volumes. Wang Anshi is taken from Guanyin Miaoermen, which is from Wen. This volume, in the middle of the main book, has a running script and a light ink book with clear strokes. Although the lines are close and there are few blanks, there is no dazzling feeling. Now it's in Shanghai Museum.
7. Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Song Dynasty)-Su Shi
Zi Zizhan, a famous Dongpo layman, was born in Meishan (now Sichuan). He and his father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are world-famous for their poems, known as "Su San". His calligraphy draws nutrition from Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Chu Suiliang, Xu Hao, Li Beihai and Yang Ningshi, and strives for innovation on the basis of inheriting tradition. When talking about his calligraphy, he said, "The method of writing is not perfect, but I can't get it all." When talking about his artistic creation of calligraphy, he said: "I can't write books with my heart, and I am very happy." He focused on "meaning" and sent his feelings to the book with "faithful hand". On the basis of his profound understanding of calligraphy art, he used traditional techniques to create calligraphy art, enriching and developing traditional techniques in calligraphy art creation, rather than simply mechanically removing the old. He used a special method different from ordinary people in writing methods, and also paid attention to the reform of writing tools. The representative works include Dark Clouds in the Sky, Poems of Dongting Spring, Poems of Zhongshan and Song Dynasties, Poems of Spring Posting, Poems of Wine Love, Poems of Cold Food, Poems of Shu Zhong, Notes of Drunk Pavilion, etc.
Su Shi's Poems on Cold Food in Huangzhou. It is the masterpiece of Su Shi's running script. This is a poem to send a revival, and it is a sigh of life caused by Su Shi's relegation to Huangzhou for three years. The poem is desolate and affectionate, expressing Su Shi's melancholy and lonely mood at this time. The calligraphy of this poem is produced in this mood and situation. The whole calligraphy is full of ups and downs, radiant and unrestrained, and there is no shortage of pens. Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post has a great influence in the history of calligraphy, which is called "the third running script in the world" and is also a leader in Su Shi's calligraphy works.
8. Calligrapher of All Dynasties (Ming)-Tang Yin
Tang Yin, one of the "Four Masters of Ming Dynasty", was known as the first gifted scholar in Ye Jiangnan in the middle of Ming Dynasty. He is knowledgeable and versatile, recites poems and composes music, is good at writing and painting, and has experienced ups and downs. He is an outstanding great painter in the history of painting in China.
Tang Yin, with the word Bohu and Gengzi, is the master of the Peach Blossom Temple, an immortal who escaped from Zen, became attached to Nanjing, and was the first romantic talent in Jiangnan. In his later years, he believed in Buddhism and had six nicknames, such as lay man. Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people. Tang Yin was born in a merchant family, and his status was relatively low. Under the guidance of "making a name for himself", he studied hard and reached the age of 1 1, with excellent literary talent and good handwriting. 16 years old, scholar. At the age of 29, he participated in Yingtian Township Examination and won the first prize of "Xie Yuan".
Tang Yin's calligraphy is named painting, and he mainly studied Zhao Mengfu and was influenced by Li Beihai. He is graceful and charming, and his brushwork is mature and free and easy, but his brushwork is slightly weak, flexible and slightly loose in structure. Therefore, Wang Shizhen commented: "Bohu entered Wu Xingtang, but his ears were weak."