1, the world's three major beverages: tea, coffee and cocoa;
2. The world's three famous teas with high fragrance: Qimen black tea, Darjeeling tea in India and Uva tea in Sri Lanka;
3. Three special products in ancient China: porcelain, silk and tea;
4. The three major porcelain capitals in China: Jingdezhen, Liling (underglaze tableware) and Dehua (white porcelain plastic);
5. Three quintessences of China's traditional culture: traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese painting and Beijing opera;
6, China traditional craft? Three musts? : Beijing cloisonne, Fujian bodiless lacquerware, Jiangxi Jingdezhen porcelain;
7. Three major arts and crafts in China: Beijing Carved Lacquer, Jingdezhen Porcelain in Jiangxi, Hunan Changsha Xiangxiu;
8. The three best stones in China: Shoushan stone, Qingtian frozen stone and Changhua bloodstone;
9. China's three woodblock New Year pictures are produced in Yangliuqing, Tianjin, Taohuawu, Suzhou, Jiangsu and Yangjiatun, Weifang, Shandong;
10, Zhejiang Three Carvings: Dongyang Woodcarving, Dong Qing boxwood carving, Qingtian Stone Carving;
1 1, three famous contemporary tapestries in China:
Yunjin: It is named because brocade is a cloud; Produced in Nanjing, Jiangsu;
Shu brocade: Sichuan is named after Shu for short; Produced in Chengdu, Sichuan;
Jin Song: According to legend, it was first woven in the Song Dynasty, hence its name. Produced in Suzhou, Jiangsu;
12, four famous contemporary embroideries in China:
Suzhou embroidery: produced in Suzhou and Nantong, Jiangsu; Representative works are: Shuang Mianxiu's cat;
Xiang embroidery: produced in Changsha, Hunan; Representative works are: lion and tiger;
Guangdong embroidery: produced in Guangdong province; Masterpiece: "A Hundred Birds Toward the Phoenix";
Shu embroidery: produced in Chengdu, Sichuan; Masterpieces: Panda, Lotus Carp;
13, four famous inkstones in China: Duanyan, She Yan, Yan Tao and Chengni inkstones;
14 Four Treasures of the Study and its first:
Four Treasures of the Study: pen, ink, inkstone, paper;
The first of Four Treasures of the Study: Hu Bi, Hui Mo, Duan Yan, Xuan Paper;
15, Jingdezhen four famous porcelain:
Blue-and-white porcelain, blue-and-white exquisite porcelain, pastel porcelain, high-temperature glazed porcelain;
16, the origin of contemporary ceramics in China:
Pottery: Yixing in Jiangsu, Shiwan in Guangdong, Jieshou in Anhui, Zibo in Shandong, Tongguan in Hunan, Jianshui in Yunnan, Tianshui in Gansu,
Hebei Tangshan, etc.
Porcelain: Jingdezhen in Jiangxi, Liling in Hunan, Dehua in Fujian, Longquan in Zhejiang, Zibo in Shandong and Tangshan in Hebei;
17, Yixing, Taodou:
The purple sand ware produced in Yixing, Jiangsu Province was created and fired in the Song Dynasty, and developed greatly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Zisha ware is a kind of unglazed fine pottery made of special clay with fine texture and high iron content, which is reddish brown, river yellow or purple black. Beautiful in shape and elegant in color, it is an exquisite handicraft.
China is the motherland of tea;
China is the birthplace of tea trees, and it is also the first country to discover the efficacy of tea, cultivate tea trees and make tea.
Tea Classic written by Cha Sheng Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty is the first scientific monograph on tea industry in China in China and even in the world, which describes the origin, quality, planting methods, producing areas, collection, cooking and drinking, utensils and so on.
19, the similarities and differences of ceramics:
Pottery: the raw material is clay; The roasting temperature is 700-800 DEG C; The history of firing is: the Neolithic Age seven or eight thousand years ago;
Porcelain: raw material kaolin; The baking temperature is above 1200℃; The firing history is that the original porcelain was fired in Gao Chao and the real porcelain was fired in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
20, the classification of tea:
According to the processing technology is divided into:
A. Primary processing: green tea, black tea, green tea, black tea, yellow tea and white tea;
B, reprocessing: pressing tea and scented tea;
According to business habits, it is divided into: green tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea, pressed tea and scented tea;
2 1, China traditional tea:
Green tea: appearance time: the oldest;
Processing technology: no fermented tea, high temperature deactivation;
Features: green leaf soup, smooth color, clear soup color, fragrant smell, refreshing and mellow taste;
Representative tea names: West Lake Longjing Tea, Taihu Biluochun Tea and Huang Mao Feng Tea;
Black tea: time of appearance: Qing dynasty;
Processing technology: Wohong (fermentation), full fermentation;
Features: Hongye red soup, sweet and mellow, fruity and mellow in taste;
Representative tea names: Anhui Qi Hong, Yunnan Dianhong;
Oolong tea, also known as green tea: time of appearance: Qing dynasty;
Processing technology: semi-fermentation, shaking? 、? Do green? 、? Fried green? ;
Features: green leaves with red edges have both the sweetness of black tea and the fragrance of green tea;
Representative tea names: Fujian Dahongpao, Wuxian Yiyan Tea, Tieguanyin, Guangdong Narcissus and Taiwan Province Oolong Tea.
Yellow tea: appearance time:
Processing technology:? Stuffy yellow? Technology;
Features: Huangyehuang decoction, with clear aroma;
Representative tea name: Hunan Junshan Silver Needle;
White tea: appearance time:
Processing technology: only wither and dry, no twisting, no fermentation;
Features: the soup is elegant in color, elegant and elegant, colorless in initial soaking, fresh and mellow in taste and obvious in fragrance;
Representative tea name: Bai Mudan Baihao Silver Needle;
22. West Lake Longjing Tea:
It is named after it is produced in and near Longjing Village, West Lake, Hangzhou. Among them, lion peak is the most famous, which is known as? The top of Longjing? . What is the name of the bud tea picked before Tomb-Sweeping Day every year? Will you have tea before tomorrow? , extremely expensive. Longjing tea is praised by the world? Green, fragrant, sweet and beautiful? Four must brew west lake longjing tea with tiger running spring water, known as Hangzhou? Double independence? ;
23. The classification of China wine:
According to the brewing method, it is divided into distilled wine, fermented wine and mixed wine;
According to the alcohol content in wine, it can be divided into high alcohol (generally above 40 degrees), moderate alcohol (between 20 and 40 degrees) and low alcohol (below 20 degrees).
According to business habits: white wine, yellow wine, wine, beer, fruit wine, dew wine, medicated wine;
24, liquor flavor:
Maotai-flavor type (hairy type): Kweichow Moutai; Features: Maotai-flavor, delicate, mellow and long aftertaste;
Fen-flavor (Fen-flavor): Shanxi Fenjiu; Features: fragrant, sweet and soft;
Luzhou-flavor (Luzhou-flavor): Sichuan Luzhou old medicine Tequ liquor; Features: fragrant, sweet and harmonious;
Rice flavor type: Sanhua wine in Guilin, Guangxi; Features: sweet, elegant and soft;
Other flavor types: Guizhou Dongjiu, Shaanxi xifeng liquor; Features: it has its own unique production technology and taste, and its main flavor type and flavor type have not yet been determined.
25, the national famous wine (1952-1988)17 kinds of liquor:
Shanxi Fenyang and Xinghua Village: Fenjiu, Xiang; Luzhou, Sichuan: Luzhou old kiln special qu, Luzhou-flavor;
Shaanxi Fengxiang: xifeng liquor, its Li Xiang type; Yibin, Sichuan: Wuliangye liquor, Luzhou-flavor;
Bozhou, Anhui: Gu Jing Winery, Luzhou-flavor; Chengdu, Sichuan: Quanxing Daqu Liquor, Luzhou-flavor;
Zunyi, Guizhou: Dongjiu, other flavors; Mianzhu, Sichuan: Jiannanchun wine with rich flavor;
Siyang and Yanghe in Jiangsu: Yanghe Daqu, Luzhou-flavor; Sihong and Shuanggou, Jiangsu: Shuanggou Daqu, Luzhou-flavor;
Wuhan, Hubei Province: Specially made Yellow Crane Tower wine, fragrant; Guizhou Renhuai, Maotai: Maotai, Maotai-flavor;
Gu Lin, Sichuan: Langjiu, Maotai-flavor; Henan Baofeng: Baofeng wine, fragrant;
Changde, Hunan: Wuling wine, maotai-flavor type; Lu Yi, Henan: Song He grain liquid, Luzhou-flavor; Sichuan Shehong: Tuopai Qujiu, Luzhou-flavor;
26, the main producing areas of rice wine and national famous wine:
It is mainly produced in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, and is most famous for its products in Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
Zhejiang Shaoxing yellow rice wine, Fujian Longyan heavy wine.
27. The earliest wine-making industry in modern China.
Changyu Winery, located in Yantai, Shandong Province, was founded by overseas Chinese Zhang Bishi on 1892.
The red wine, absinthe, riesling and gold brandy produced by this factory won four gold medals at the Panama World Expo held in San Francisco in 19 15.
28, the classification of wine:
According to the processing method, it can be divided into brewing wine (also known as original juice wine or distilled wine), flavoring wine, sparkling wine and distilled wine;
According to the sugar content: dry wine (less than 0.5%, without sweetness), semi-dry wine (0.5%- 1.2%, with extremely weak sweetness), semi-sweet wine (1.2%-5%, with sweetness) and sweet wine (above 5%, with extremely sweet sweetness).
By color: red wine, rose wine, white wine;
29. Nine national famous wines:
Yantai, Shandong: red wine, type: sweet red; Yantai, Shandong: Gold Award Brandy;
Yantai, Shandong: Wei Meisi; Qingdao, Shandong: white wine, type: sweet white;
Beijing: China red wine, type: sweet red; Beijing: special brandy;
Shacheng, Hebei: China Great Wall dry white wine, type: dry white; Henan civil rights: liquor, type: white.
Tianjin: Dynasty semi-dry white wine, type: semi-dry white wine;
30, the classification of beer:
According to whether to sterilize: draft beer (pure draft beer) and cooked beer;
According to juice concentration and alcohol content (mass): low concentration beer, medium concentration beer and high concentration beer;
According to the color depth: yellow beer (light beer or light beer), dark beer (strong beer or blue beer);
3 1, three national famous beers: Shandong Tsingtao Beer, Beijing Special Beer and Shanghai Special Beer;
32. National famous wines: Shanxi Zhuyeqing and Hubei Garden Green;
33. Traditional Chinese Medicine in China ancient books:? Herbs? ;
34, traditional Chinese medicine according to the processing technology classification:
Chinese herbal medicines: semi-finished drugs that can be directly used in pharmacies and pharmaceutical factories after processing.
Chinese patent medicine: Chinese patent medicine that can be used directly after fine processing, including pills, powders, ointments, pills, tablets, oral medicines, medicinal liquor, etc. Convenient to carry and take.
35, the main Chinese herbal medicines:
Ginseng: It is produced in three northeastern provinces, and Fusong and Ji 'an in Jilin have large output and good quality. Efficacy: It has the effects of invigorating primordial qi, restoring primordial qi, promoting fluid production and calming the nerves. Zan: Jilin ginseng is known as authentic ginseng in China.
Sanqi: produced in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. Has the effects of removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Commonly known as gold does not change? ,? Sanqi tonic first? .
Cordyceps sinensis: produced in Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan and other provinces, Qinghai Province is the main producing area in China. It has the effects of tonifying deficiency and essence, relieving cough and resolving phlegm.
Pilose antler: it has the effects of strengthening yang, benefiting qi and strengthening bones and muscles;
Ejiao: produced in Dong 'e Town, Pingyin County, Shandong Province. Has the effects of nourishing yin and blood, moistening lung and dryness, stopping bleeding and preventing miscarriage;
36, Chinese patent medicine:
Shanxi Dingkundan: produced in Shanxi Chinese Medicine Factory, it has the effects of regulating menstruation and promoting blood circulation, calming the liver and tonifying the kidney, regulating qi and strengthening the spleen, enriching blood and stopping bleeding, relieving pain and strengthening the body. Originally a court physician;
Dahuoluo Dan: produced in Tongrentang, it has the effects of relaxing muscles and activating collaterals, expelling wind and removing dampness; Known as the secret recipe of the court;
Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang: Produced in Zhangzhou Pharmaceutical Factory, Fujian Province, it has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation, reducing swelling and relieving pain. There is a reputation that it can relieve swelling and pain (that is, diminish inflammation, reduce swelling and relieve pain);
Angong Niuhuang Pill: It has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving fright and filth, resolving phlegm and inducing resuscitation;
Shanxi Guilingji: produced in Shanxi Chinese Medicine Factory, it has the effects of strengthening the body and strengthening the brain, tonifying kidney and benefiting qi, and stimulating appetite. Originally a royal medicinal material;
Yunnan Baiyao: produced in Yunnan Baiyao Factory, it has the effects of promoting blood circulation, stopping bleeding and relieving pain; Known as the holy medicine of traumatology, the magic medicine? 、? Elixir? 、? Ganoderma lucidum? .
37. Hu Bi, Hui Mo, Duan Yan and Xuan Paper:
Hubi: Origin: Shanlian Town, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The origin of the name: Huzhou in ancient times.
Features: sharp, neat, round and healthy. Like:? Mao Shuo's crown? The hometown of lake pen? .
Huimo: Origin: Shexian County and Tianning, Anhui Province. Origin of the name: it belongs to Huizhou in history.
History: Late Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties to Qing Dynasty. Features: the color is deep and moist, and it will not fade for a long time. Like:? If paper falls like paint, it will last forever. .
Duanyan: Origin: Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. Origin of the name: Duanzhou was established in Zhaoqing in the Tang Dynasty. History: Mining in the Tang and Song Dynasties was valued by the world.
Features: Excellent stone, tender, delicate, moist and famous? Don't feel bad about sending ink? Breathing and studying ink? The characteristics of.
Like:? A kilo of stone is worth 1000 yuan? , the first of the four famous inkstones;
Xuan paper: Origin: Jingxian County, Anhui Province. Origin of name: Xuanzhou government in history. History: It first appeared in the Tang Dynasty.
Features: Paper is elastic, white and smooth, fine and even, wrinkle-free, lint-free, anti-aging, long-term color-free, rot-free, and unbreakable. Like:? Paper lives for a thousand years? .
38, Beijing cloisonne name origin and production process:
Cloisonne was introduced from Yunnan to Beijing in the 3rd century/Kloc-A.D., and it was very popular in the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty. It is also called cloisonne because of its blue enamel glaze such as sapphire blue and peacock blue. Is the copper tire twisted with silk? .
39, China lacquer production history and painting process monograph:
China has been rich in natural lacquer since ancient times. Lacquerware production in China began in 1967.
40, China contemporary lacquer production distribution and painting techniques:
Mainly distributed in Beijing, Fuzhou, Fujian, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Chengdu, Sichuan, Pingyao, Shanxi, Dafang, Guizhou and Tianshui, Gansu.
By pushing light, carving, painting, inlaying jade and mother-of-pearl, various exquisite lacquerware crafts are produced.
4 1, Fujian bodiless lacquerware:
Produced in Fuzhou, with a history of 180 years, it has always been a famous international gift and an important export product in China, and is known as? China's real national art? Is it a traditional craft in China? Three musts? One.
42, China jade carving history:
Jade carving, also called jade, is one of the special handicrafts in China. There were jade articles in the late Neolithic period 7000 years ago.
43, the main origin of China jade:
Hotan, Xinjiang, Dushan, Nanyang, Henan, Xiuyan, Liaoning.
Hetian jade, also known as Kunshan jade, is called Kunyu for short, among which white jade called suet jade is the best.
44, the classification of jade carving:
Works: stoves, bottles, tea sets, figures, flowers, etc.
Works: pins, rings, seals, cigarette holders, etc.
45, the main origin of jade carving in China:
Beijing, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong, Henan, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Gansu and other places.
Beijing Jade Carving: Integrating North and South Skills.
Yangzhou jade carving: use? Nanxiu? Give priority to, and? Heroes of the North? .
Suzhou jade carving: use? Su Gang? What are you famous for? Although Liang Yusheng gathered in the capital, did he push Wu Jun? .
46, China three stone carvings:
Rock: produced in Shoushan, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. What gems are there? Tian Huangshi? ; Carving varieties are: round carving, relief, fine carving, printing buttons; Like:? One or two fields of yellow, one or two gold? .
Shi Tian: Produced in qingtian county, Zhejiang Province, the gems are: frozen stone; Carving varieties are: carving.
Fossil: produced in Changhua County, Zhejiang Province. Gems include: bloodstone. Carving varieties are: seal;
47. Origin and varieties of other famous stones:
Jiyang, Hunan? Chrysanthemum stone carving; Quyang, Hebei? White marble carving;
Marble carving in Dali, Yunnan; Chifeng, Inner Mongolia? Bahrain stone carving;
48. The main distribution of woodcarving in China:
Zhejiang Dongyang? Dongyang woodcarving; Zhejiang Yueqing? Boxwood carving; Fujian? Longan woodcarving;
Red wood carving in Suzhou, Jiangsu; Golden lacquer wood carving in Chaozhou, Guangdong; Hubei? Wood carving boat; Shandong Qufu? Wood carving;
49, dongyang wood carving:
Produced in Dongyang County, Zhejiang Province, it began in the Northern Song Dynasty and is one of the ancient folk wood carving techniques in China. Dongyang has? Hometown of woodcarving? The reputation of.
50, wood watermark painting technology and famous origin:
Woodcut watermark painting is based on the principle of letterpress printing. First sketch the original painting into a manuscript, then divide it into several pieces and print it with water.
The famous producing areas are Beijing Laobaozhai and Shanghai Duoyunxuan.
5 1, technology and main producing areas of internal painting pot:
The inner painting pot was originally a kind of snuff bottle. First, make the feeder into a bottle, then shake it into milky white with iron sand in the bottle, and then various figures, landscapes, flowers, calligraphy and so on. All of them are drawn in bottles with extremely fine special bamboo pens, becoming a unique, simple and compact seven-year-old handicraft. Because it is painted on the inner wall of a transparent glass bottle, it is called internal painting.
Famous producing areas are Beijing, Boshan in Shandong and Hengshui in Hebei.
52, the main origin of kites and international kite competitions;
Kites are mainly produced in Weifang, Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin and Nantong, Jiangsu.
Weifang City, Shandong Province has held the International Kite Competition every April 1 day since 1980. ;