Cai Lun (? -12 1) from Guiyang county in the eastern Han dynasty. In the last years of Han Yongping, he entered the palace as a minister. In the second year of Zhanghe (AD 88), Cai Lun was promoted to be a regular servant because of his meritorious service to the Empress Dowager, and Cai Lun also held an official position.
Cai Lun summed up people's paper-making experience in the past, innovated the paper-making technology, and finally made "Cai Hou Paper". In the first year of Yuan Xing (A.D. 105), it was reported to the imperial court, and Han and Emperor ordered the popularization of his papermaking method. In the first year of Jianguang (A.D. 12 1), he committed suicide because of a power struggle.
Cai Lun's papermaking is listed as the "Four Great Inventions" in ancient China, which has made outstanding contributions to the spread of human culture and the progress of world civilization, and has been respected by people for thousands of years. It is regarded as the originator of papermaking and the "paper god" by papermaking workers.
Among the 100 celebrities listed by Mack hart, Cai Lun ranks seventh. Cai Lun was listed as "the best inventor of all time" by Time magazine.
2. Cai Yong
Cai Yong (y not ng) (133—192), uncle. Chen is a native of Pixian County (now Pixian County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province). The father of Cai Wenji, a famous writer and calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Cai Yong refused to be drafted by the imperial court in his early years, and was later requisitioned as Stuart's family. Ren Pingchang, Langzhong and Yilang participated in the continuation of the History of the East View of Hanshu and the engraving of Xiping Stone Classics. Later, he was exiled to Shuofang for crimes, and after many twists and turns, he took refuge in Jiangnan 12 years.
Dong Zhuo came to power and called Cai Yong as a drink offering. Within three days, he successively served as an imperial adviser, calligrapher, minister of history, assistant minister and viceroy, and was named the township head of Levin, known as "Cai Zhonglang" in history. After Dong Zhuo was killed, Cai Yong was imprisoned for sighing in Wang Yun's seat.
He soon died in prison at the age of 60. Cai Yong was proficient in temperament and brilliant, and studied under the famous scholar Hu Guang. Besides classics and history, he is also good at Ci Fu, calligraphy, seal cutting, official script, especially official script.
One comment is that "Cai Yong's books are full of vigor, refreshing and forceful". "Feibai" calligraphy style has a great influence on later generations. Comment on Zhang Huaiguan's Narration and Cai Yong's Bofei Book in Tang Dynasty: "Wonderful".
He collected more than 10,000 volumes in his life, and there are still 4,000 volumes in his later years. Twenty volumes of collected works were lost earlier. Zhang Yan of Amin Dynasty compiled Collected Works of Cai Zhonglang, and his works were also included in all the later Chinese.
3. Cai Wenji
Cai Yan, Wen Xi, Evonne. The year of birth and death is unknown. Li was the daughter of Cai Yong, a great writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The first time I married Wei Zhongdao, my husband died and went home. Later, it was invaded by Xiongnu.
Cai Yan was abducted by Xiongnu, married to Xiongnu and gave birth to two children. Twelve years later, Cao Cao unified the north, redeemed Cai Yan with a large sum of money, and betrothed her to Dong Si.
Cai Yan is also good at literature, music and calligraphy. Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi contains a volume of Cai Wenji Ji, which has been lost. The only works that Cai Wenji can see now are Hu Jia's Two Mourning Poems and Eighteen Beats.
4. Cai Yuanpei
Cai Yuanpei, also known as Heqing, also known as,,, formerly known as Apei, was born in Shanyin County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) with a ancestral home in Zhuji, Zhejiang Province. Educators, revolutionaries and politicians.
Democratic Progressive Party, member of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, member of the National Government and president of the Supervisory Institute. The first director of education of the Republic of China. From 19 16 to 1927, he served as the president of Peking University, innovated Peking University and started the wind of "learning" and "freedom".
From 1920 to 1930, Cai Yuanpei was also the president of Sino-French University. In his early years, he participated in the struggle against the imperial system of the Qing Dynasty and presided over the formulation of the first decree of modern higher education in China-the University Order in the early years of the Republic of China.
During the Northern Expedition, after the National Government made Nanjing its capital, it presided over the Education Administration Committee, established the University of the Republic of China and Academia Sinica, and led the reform of education and academic system. 1927, participated in the "movement to protect the country and save the party", thinking that the party should be eliminated, but opposed to killing.
1928- 1940 was appointed as the full-time president of academia sinica to carry out the proposition of academic research. Cai Yuanpei went to Germany and France for many times to study philosophy, literature, aesthetics, psychology and cultural history, which laid the ideological and theoretical foundation for his reform of feudal education.
1933, Cai Yuanpei initiated the establishment of the National Central Museum and personally served as the chairman of the first Council. 1940 died in Hong Kong on March 5th. Bury the Chinese cemetery at the top of Aberdeen Mountain.
5. Cai Hesen
Cai Hesen (1895— 193 1) is a native of Yongfeng Town, Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province. China was an important leader of the Party in the early days, an outstanding proletarian fighter, a proletarian revolutionary, theorist and propagandist.
Comrade Cai Hesen is a member of the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Central Committees of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Third and Fourth Central Committees, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth and Sixth members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. He used to be acting secretary-general of the CPC, minister of propaganda department of the CPC, secretary of Guangdong Provincial Committee of the CPC and secretary of Guangxi Provincial Committee of the CPC. ?
Cai Hesen 1895 was born in Shanghai in March, and then returned to his hometown in Shuangfeng, Hunan with his mother. 19 13 entered the First Normal School of Hunan Province. During this period, together with Mao Zedong and others, he organized a progressive group Xinmin Society, founded Xiangjiang Review and participated in the May 4th Movement.
192 1 year 10, Cai Hesen returned from France and was elected as a member of the c.o. in the third and fourth universities of China * * * to participate in the central leadership work. He was elected as a member and member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee at the First Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and later served as Secretary-General of The CPC Central Committee.
193 1 year, Cai Hesen was betrayed and arrested by a traitor when he organized the underground workers' movement in Guangzhou, and died in Guangzhou military and political prison at the age of 36. On September 4th, 2009, Cai Hesen was named as one of the hero models 100 who made outstanding contributions to the founding of New China.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Cai surname