Chinese ancient rhyme, ten famous songs. The top ten ancient famous songs are Mountain Flowing Water, Guangling San, Wild Goose in Pingsha, Three Lane of Plum Blossoms, House of Flying Daggers, Flute and Drum in Sunset, Questions and Answers of Fisherman, Eighteen Beats of Noisy, Autumn Moon in Han Palace and Chun Xue. According to experts' research, most of the original scores of these ancient famous songs have been lost, and many music books circulating today are fraudulent works by later generations. These pieces of music have been dubbed as the top ten ancient music names by musicians of all ages, with historical allusions as the side lining, borrowing from the past of the ancients to make a strong momentum. Dalu is not a music expert. Although he listens to ancient songs occasionally, it is difficult to distinguish pearls. On the contrary, he is more interested in anecdotes behind ancient songs.
First, the friendship that is infinitely exaggerated by goodwill-mountains and rivers
As early as the 4th century BC, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lieyukou of Zheng recorded in Liezi Tang Wen that he was good at drumming and listening. Boya plays the piano in order to climb mountains. Zhong Ziqi said,' Well, I am as tall as Mount Tai. Regarding the ambition of flowing water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Well, it's like a river. '......"
Whether it is "aiming at high mountains" or "aiming at flowing water", Zhong Ziqi can understand the meaning of a theme or image when he expresses it in Boya's music. One day, Boya and Zhong Ziqi were swimming in the shade of Mount Tai. During the rainstorm, they stopped under the rock. Boya was depressed, so she played the piano for a while. At first, Qin Le showed the scene of rain falling on a mountain stream, and then simulated the sound of mountain stream soaring and rock and soil caving. After each piece of music is completed, Zhong Ziqi "needs to be poor in interest", which makes the image in the music extremely transparent. Boya left the piano and sighed, "OK, OK, you can hear interest from the singing, and what you think is what I think. Where can I hide the sound? " So they became life confidants. However, Liezi did not mention that Boya stopped playing the piano because of Zhong Ziqi's death.
Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, written in the third century BC, has a similar record in this chapter: "Guqin, listen to it, Fang Guqin wants to climb Mount Tai. Zhong Ziqi said,' Good for Guqin! As majestic as Mount Tai. When I was young, I aimed at running water. Zhong Ziqi said, "It's good to play the piano, just like running water". After Zhong Ziqi's death, Boya broke the piano and stopped playing it for life, thinking that the world was a drum. The description of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is roughly the same as that of Liezi, but it shows the ending: after death, "I will never play drums again".
Although Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is not a loyal history, Liezi is recorded in the past, and its content is not groundless. Therefore, the saying that Boya no longer plays drums has been handed down and become a much-told story. Boya should be well known at that time, and Xun Kuang also mentioned him in the article "Encouraging Learning": "In the past, I played the drums and played the piano, but I drowned the fish and listened; Boya drum harp, and Liu Ma Yang Wan ". Although the language is almost exaggerated, there is no doubt that the great musician Boya's piano skills are superb.
Since Liezi and Lu Chunqiu, the ancient books of the Western Han Dynasty, such as Biography of Korean Poetry, Huainanzi, Shuoyuan, Tongzhi of Customs, Cao Qin, and Yuefu Jie of Eastern Han Dynasty, have been quoted one after another. In these works, the description of Boya is more abundant. For example, Cai Yong's Cao Qin in the Eastern Han Dynasty also recorded an anecdote about Boya learning the method of empathy from musicians. In Ming Dynasty, Feng Menglong's "Words of Warning to the World" started with "Yu Boya practicing the piano to thank his companions". In this novel, Boya becomes Yu Boya, a music official, and Zhong Ziqi becomes a woodcutter in Hanyang. At this time, an ancient short story of several hundred words has become a novel with characters, places and plots.
The story of "Mountain Flowing Water" and Boya Zhong Ziqi has been widely circulated for more than two thousand years because of its profound China culture. China's ancient cultural spirit of "harmony between man and nature" and "selflessness" is fully reflected in this story. Zhu Quancheng's "Magic Secret Spectrum" in the Ming Dynasty made an accurate interpretation of this: "Two songs, mountains and flowing water, are just one. The first ambition is to care about mountains and rivers and say that benevolent people are Leshan. " The ambition of the future lies in running water, which means that the wise enjoy water. "The benevolent Leshan, the wise happy water, the mountains and rivers contain the vastness of heaven and earth, the charm of mountains and rivers, which is the highest realm of the theme of ancient music in China. However, Boya's piano music "Mountain Flowing Water" has not been circulated in the world, and future generations cannot appreciate the beauty of Boya's music. Therefore, although the story of "high mountains and flowing water" has been sung by later generations, it is completely "what the heart yearns for" and there is no personal experience of music.
Therefore, the most direct reason for the spread of this fable is the mutual understanding between Boya and Zhong Ziqi. When the bosom friend left, Boya resolutely broke his string and lost his voice. Yue Fei's poem "Xiao Zhong Shan" is an accurate portrayal of Boya's mood at that time. Boya's unique piano and ambition, on the one hand, as a memorial to his dead friends, on the other hand, as his unique knowledge, can no longer be understood by anyone in the world, showing deep anguish and helplessness. I think Boya must also be an arrogant and outstanding person. His music rises and falls, so it is naturally difficult for ordinary people to understand the subtlety of his music. This is why Boya feels lonely and feels that it is hard to find a bosom friend.
The reason why "Mountain Flowing Water" can be recorded and reprinted by various ancient books in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is inseparable from the background of "scholar culture" at that time. In the pre-Qin era, a hundred schools of thought contended and talented people came forth in large numbers. Many scholars have a weak sense of country and are disloyal to their vassal countries. These talented people often move between countries, and they all want to know each other. They hope to meet princes and princes who know themselves like bosom friends to show what they have learned. This has been the dream of almost all scholars for thousands of years. However, only a few people can achieve this goal. More and more people have lost their talents all their lives. Some people are invisible in the market, while others are always in the mountains. It can be seen that the reason why Mountain Flowing Water was widely circulated in the pre-Qin period was because the moral behind the story was the beauty of life meeting and the regret of life failure. Therefore, it is reasonable to cause countless people to sing for thousands of years.
Therefore, friendship is secondary. Therefore, this article calls "mountains and rivers" friendship that has been infinitely exaggerated by goodwill for thousands of years. Music and friendship that can arouse people's infinite yearning may not be the original taste of the story.
Second, the noble meaning of assassins and the unique voice of celebrities-Guangling San
Guangling San, also known as Guangling Stop, is a kind of guqin music with a relatively passionate tune. According to Liu Dongsheng's A Brief History of China Music, Guangling San was produced in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It is said that the famous song Guangling San originated from Nie Zheng's stabbing to death of Han Xiang, and Ji Kang was punished by the Great King. Therefore, the ancient Song Guangling San actually contains two allusions, Nie Zheng and Ji Kang.
All the sections of Guangling San are in the well (Nie Zheng's hometown), taking Korea, dying, bearing ambition, being a martyr, sinking fame, throwing swords, making solemn marks, and traveling slightly, which is roughly consistent with the whole process of Nie Zheng's assassination of Korea.
According to Biography of Assassins, the eighty-sixth volume of Historical Records, Nie Zheng was a famous warrior of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, North Korean minister Yan Suiling (word neutron) and Han Xiang Han Jing (word Xia Lei) had feuds. Yan Zhongzi spent a lot of money trying to bribe Nie Zheng to assassinate Xia Lei. Nie Zheng was originally a "dog beater" in the market. Because he had to support his mother, he refused Yan Zhongzi's generous gift. Later, Nie Zheng's mother died. After burying his mother, Nie Zheng told Yan Zhongzi that he was an ordinary person. As a "vassal", Yan Zhongzi drove thousands of miles and invited her with a large sum of money. This kind of courtesy, Nie Zheng naturally want to return, so he "will be used as a friend" to repay Yan Zhongzi. Yan Zhongzi said that his enemy was Han. He always wanted to invite an assassin to kill Xia Lei. However, Xia Lei is the uncle of the North Korean monarch, with numerous clans around him and tight defense, so it is not easy to succeed. Nie Zheng immediately agreed to Yan Zhongzi's request.
Nie Zheng went to the Korean capital alone. After arriving in Yidu, Han was exhausted in the house. Although Xia Lei was protected by a large number of guards, Nie Zheng assassinated Xia Lei like a bag. In Historical Records, only short language is used to describe the thrilling assassination scene. "Nie Zheng went straight into it, and the assassination of the upper chivalrous men was tiring, and there was chaos from left to right." Nie Zheng shouted and killed dozens of people. Nie Zheng finally pointed his sword at himself, cut his face, gouged out his eyes and had a laparotomy. The purpose of Nie Zheng's doing this is to prevent anyone from recognizing himself and bringing trouble to Yan Zhongzi. No one knew Nie Zheng after he was found dead in the city. The North Korean monarch offered a reward 100 gold to provide clues.
Later, Nie Zheng's sister Nie Rong heard that an assassin had assassinated Han Xiang and was found dead in the street. She suspected that it was her brother Nie Zhenggan, so Nie Rong immediately set off for South Korea to find out the truth. When Nie Rong arrived at the violent corpse site in Nie Zheng, he recognized his brother and began to cry. Nie Rong said to the onlookers, "This is my brother Nie Zheng. He was entrusted by Yan Zhongzi to assassinate Xia Lei. I broke my face to avoid implicating me. I cannot implicate Nie Zheng's reputation. " Then Nie Rong died of grief. According to Suoyin's annotation on Historical Records, Nie Rong obviously misunderstood Nie Zheng's intention. The purpose of Nie Zheng's doing this is to protect Yan Zhongzi, while Nie Rong thinks it is to avoid bringing trouble to himself. But the main purpose of Nie Rong's doing this is to "list names" so as to prevent Nie Zheng from becoming an unknown assassin.
Nie Zheng's assassination of Xia Lei should have been a very influential political event at that time. When people in Jin, Chu, Qi, Wei and other countries heard about this incident, they all appreciated Nie Zheng's fearless spirit of "dying for his bosom friend" and praised Nie Rong as a shrew and a weak woman who "fled thousands of miles" at any cost, thus making Nie Zheng famous all over the world. At the same time, he praised Yan Zhongzi for "knowing people makes a teacher". It happened that no one expressed regret and sympathy for the death of Xia Lei.
Yan Zhongzi, who bought the murder, was the mastermind behind the whole incident. Both Historical Records and Warring States Policy mentioned the contradiction and conflict between Yan Zhongzi and Xia Lei in a neutral way. For example, in Volume 86 of Historical Records, it is said that "Yan Zhongzi of Puyang is effective and tired with Han". "Warring States Policy Hance II" mentioned that "after Korea, it is more serious than Jun, and the two will harm each other. Yan Sui's political comments pointed directly at Han's mistakes. Han chased and scolded North Korea. Yan drew his sword and came to rescue him. " Yan was afraid of sin, so he died and patrolled, begging people to report to Han servants. It can be seen that the two were already incompatible at that time. But right or wrong, no one knows.
According to modern standards, assassinating a country's government is a very serious crime, and Nie Zheng may be one of the most ferocious terrorists. According to "The Warring States Policy and Han Ce II", Nie Zheng also stabbed Han Aihou, the South Korean monarch in Xialei House. When this matter was mentioned in Historical Records, there was only one sentence: "Thieves killed Han Lei". Without mentioning Nie Zheng's name, simply calling him a "thief" obviously meant to belittle the assassin's behavior. However, Tai Shigong basically holds a positive attitude towards Nie Zheng's deeds in Biography of Assassins. In addition, it is mentioned in The Warring States Policy: Sui Tang Upholds the Mission that Sui Tang praised Nie Zheng as "the wrath of the Confucians", and his spirit was no less than that of the King of Qin. Sui Tang also said: "Nie Zheng stabbed Han Jing, and Bai Hong penetrated his grandson." At that time, the sky was clear and there was a rainbow. The implication was that Nie Zheng's assassination of Han Xiang was in line with destiny. It can be seen that Nie Zheng's behavior was regarded as heroic at that time.
Qin Le first appeared in Guangling San in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In Cai Yong's Cao Qin in the Eastern Han Dynasty, assassination became a folk story. In this story, Nie Zheng killed not Han Xiang, but Wang Han. Nie Zheng did not assassinate Yan Zhongzi, but avenged his father. It turned out that Nie Zheng's father was a sword-casting korean king who was killed because he failed to deliver the sword in time. So Nie Zheng became a posthumous child. When he grew up, Nie Zheng met a fairy in the mountains and learned the unique skill of guqin. Nie Zheng also mastered vision, and no one knew himself. One day, Nie Zheng was playing the piano in downtown. He said, "The audience can travel, but the horses can't listen.". Wang Han immediately summoned Nie Zheng and ordered Nie Zheng to play drums in public. At this time, Nie Zheng took out the sword hidden in the harp and assassinated korean king in one fell swoop to avenge his father. Later, it was not Nie Rong who fell on Nie Zheng and cried, but Nie Zheng's mother. This story was named "The Stab of Korea" by Cai Yong.
This story of "Nie Zheng stabbing King Koryo" became the melody of Guangling San. Although there are too many differences between the story and the historical records, the main contents of Guangling San, such as taking Korea, death, ambition, martyrdom, sinking fame and throwing swords, etc. It has not been reduced by the distortion of the story.
About 600 years ago in the era of Nie Zheng, a brilliant and unconventional figure in the Western Jin Dynasty made the masterpiece Guangling San. This man is Ji Kang, the most influential celebrity among the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest.
Ji Kang was an outstanding thinker, poet and musician in Wei and Jin Dynasties. At that time, Sima was fighting for power with Cao Wei, and Ji Kang, who was "strong and strong", stood on Cao Wei's side and always held an uncooperative attitude towards Sima. Ji Kang's resistance to Sima Group eventually led to his death. In 262 BC, Ji Kang was beheaded for "political disorder".
Ji Kang was once accused by Zhong Hui of being "not a son of heaven or a prince", and his independence cost him his life. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Liang Ya No.6" records that "Ji Zhong San (Ji Kang) was awarded the East Market, and his attitude remained unchanged. He plays the piano and Guangling San. At the end of the song, he said,' Yuan Xiaoni studied this sketch hard, but I didn't agree with Jingu, so Guangling sketch is absolutely out of date! There are 3000 students who have written it. Please take this as a teacher and forbid it. King Wen also finds regret. "Even if 3,000 students write" Please be a teacher ",Si Mazhao will not allow it. In order to eradicate dissidents, the Sima family has destroyed eight famous families, including Cao Shuang and Yanhe. How is it possible for a celebrity like Ji Kang?
Although Guangling San is full of sound and emotion, it has been criticized as "the most uneven" and "irritable and impatient", and there is a so-called "portrait of Minister Ling Jun". Ji Kang must have used this song to express his grievances in the execution ground. Ji Kang, who wrote The Sound Without Sorrow and Music, has always advocated that the sound comes from nature and has nothing to do with subjective feelings such as emotions. Ji Kang looked the same when he was executed. But the song is the heart. I don't know how Ji Kang showed the momentum of "more thunder and less rain" and "spears and guns facing each other" when facing the punishment of the Great King, and took this song as the last resistance to power.
After listening to this song in a thousand years, we can't help thinking of Nie Zheng and Ji Kang.
Third, Yi Shi is ambitious-Pingsha Goose.
It is said that Pingsha Wild Goose is the most popular guqin music in the past 300 years, with more than 50 existing scores. Different from other famous songs, there is no well-known story behind Pingsha Wild Goose.
The earliest version of Pingsha Goose was Authentic Ancient Sound in the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1634). The authentic ancient voice solves the problem of geese in Pingsha in this way: "Take the crisp autumn sky, the wind is calm, the clouds and Cheng Wanli fly. Write Yi Shi's heart from the perspective of Honghu Lake. ..... The rhythm of the whole body is three ups and downs. The first play is like the guest of the swan goose. The sky is very ethereal, and the geese are in harmony, hidden and obvious, if they come. It wants to fall, look around and hover in the air; It will also fall. " The sound of breathing obliquely circles the mainland three times, echoing when it falls, flying around in groups of three or five, stopping for food, just right: mother and son give way and can also taste it. "
It is said that the seven-year era of Chongzhen was an era of internal and external troubles in the Ming Dynasty. The Zhu Ming dynasty is coming to an end, and people of insight all over the world are worried. At this time, "Authentic Ancient Sounds" was published, perhaps the author had another meaning. The above problem-solving text is full of interest, and there is no feeling of sadness. Perhaps, the central point is to write the heart of Yi Shi with the help of the ambition of Hongyan, and to express the idea that "if you are poor, you will be immune to it, and if you succeed, you will help the world" advocated by Confucianism.
Yi Shi is a hermit, referring to a scholar who lives in seclusion in the mountains. Confucius said, "If there is a way in the world, you will see it, but if there is no way, you will be hidden." . "Yi" says: "Heaven and earth are combined, and sages are hidden." The literati who retired from the torrent of reality found their last shelter in Shan Ye. Since ancient times, there has been a saying in China that "the great man hides the dynasty, the middle man hides the city, and the small man hides the wild". China literati and their works are deeply influenced by China's reclusive culture. Although Yi Shi is "far away from rivers and lakes", his social influence is sometimes not weaker than those who live in temples.
The earliest hermits can be traced back to ancient times. Yi Yin of Shang Dynasty once lived in a shopping mall, and Jiang Shang of Zhou Dynasty once lived in Shan Ye. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, hermits from various vassal states emerged one after another. After the Han Dynasty, the identity of a hermit has been clearly defined, generally referring to a person who does not cooperate with the imperial court but has certain cultural influence. The Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms period was the most popular era of seclusion. Literati value seclusion, and famous historical officials such as Zhuge Liang, Lu Ji, Wang Meng and Xie An have all experienced seclusion.
A real hermit should be "just for perching, not for fame", but gradually, since Wei and Jin Dynasties, seclusion tends to be extreme and secular. Some hermits not only "seek fame and reputation", but also "make money". They regard seclusion as a means to gain fame and utility. Some people in power, in order to gain the reputation of Corporal Li Xian, deliberately cater to the literati who live in seclusion in the mountains, and some even accuse "high seclusion" with "false seclusion".
According to the Sixty-ninth Biography of the Book of Jin, in the second year of Long 'an (399), Huan Xuan (son of Huan Wen), a powerful minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, launched a rebellion and took control of the political affairs in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. There have been hermits since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, but there were none at that time. Huan Xuan felt very humiliated. In order to gain the reputation of Corporal Lixian, he quickly sent someone to invite the sixth grandson of Huangfu Mi, a famous hermit in the Western Jin Dynasty. Let Huang Fuxi live in seclusion in the mountains, and Huan Xuan will finance all kinds of expenses. Then Huan Xuan summoned Huang Fuxi as a writer, but instructed Huang Fuxi not to accept it on purpose. Then Huan Xuan summoned Huang Fuxi as "Gao Shi". This story has become a joke all over the world. At that time, people called this hermit "seclusion".
Another extreme example can be found in the Tang Dynasty Liu Su's "Da Tang Xin Yu Seclusion". In the Tang Dynasty, Lu Zangyong lived in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan after being admitted to the imperial examinations. He lived in the mountains and his heart was in the imperial court. He was closely related to the courtiers at that time. As a result, he was called as an official in the name of Gao Shi and was named as a left gleaner. At that time, he was called "the hermit who walked with him". Another hermit, Sima Cheng Town, was called back to the mountain. Lu Zangyong pointed to Zhong Nanshan and said, "There are great merits here." Sima Cheng said slowly, "In my opinion, this is a shortcut to being an official." This is what people call a "shortcut to the south". At this time, seclusion has become a shortcut to being an official.
According to their value orientation, literati's seclusion can be roughly divided into Confucian seclusion and Taoist seclusion. The former has certain utilitarian color. If there is governance in the world, it will advance, and if there is no way in the world, it will be hidden. Most Confucian hermits have the ambition of "helping the world at the same time". The seclusion of Tao has no utilitarian purpose, and the soul can obtain the most thorough Ming Che and tranquility through seclusion. For those who have both political experience and seclusion experience, their seclusion can be divided into former official seclusion and later official seclusion, that is, first seclusion and later seclusion. Yi Shi, in the "Yi Shi's Mind" shown in The Wild Goose in Pingsha, is in a secluded place, but he still has "lofty aspirations", which should belong to the seclusion of Confucianism and be a recluse before becoming an official.
It's hard to be completely isolated. From ancient times to the present, there are few pure literati like Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun. In ancient times, most hermits were trapped by the world, or were convicted for their words, and finally retired to a secluded place in the mountains, perhaps just as a gesture for the world. On the surface, they are detached from things, but their hearts may never be calm.
From this point of view, the sound in the song and the meaning outside the song of "Wild Goose in Pingsha" contain encouragement for those who want to make a name for themselves, and comfort for those who quit the mountain because of the words.
Fourth, Huan Yi made three lines on the flute ―― three lines of plum blossom.
Plum blossom, lofty aspirations, ice muscle jade bone and lingering fragrance of cold ling have always been the objects admired by literati. "Three Lane of Plum Blossoms" is a flute or flute music, which was later adapted into piano music. "Agriculture, countryside and farmers" means playing the same tune three times over and over again. This repeated treatment aims to describe plum blossom's heroic, unyielding character and enterprising spirit in the cold wind.
The historical allusion of Three Lane of Plum Blossoms is the story of Huan Yi, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, playing three plum blossoms for Wang Huizhi, a madman. This allusion is recorded in 51 biographies of the Book of Jin and 23 Shi Shuo Dan.
Wang Huizhi was called to Jiankang, the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and his ship was anchored at Qingxi Wharf. Huan Yi happened to be on the shore, and Wang Huizhi and Huan Yi didn't know each other. At this time, a guest on board said, "This is King Ye Huan (King Huan Yi)." Wang Huizhi ordered someone to say to Huan Yi, "Wenjun Mountain plays the flute, try to play it for me." Huan Yi is a senior official at this time, but he also heard about Wang Huizhi for a long time, so he got off the boat and got on the boat. Huan Yi sat on the Hu bed, playing the flute, and playing the tune of plum blossom, which was wonderful. After playing, Huanyi immediately got on the bus and left. The two sides didn't talk a word. Jin people are broad-minded, informal and aboveboard, which shows this.
According to the Book of Jin, Huan Yi was a military commander and a general of the right army, in charge of all military affairs in Yuzhou. Perhaps it was music that cultivated his mind. Huan Yi is modest and unpretentious. He made a great contribution and never avoided it. It is because of this character that he can calm down and study music. The Book of Jin praised his outstanding talent in this respect, saying: "Being good at music is the first in Jiangzuo." There is a kind of Curtin flute, which I often play myself. "
In the eighth year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 383), Fu Jian threw troops to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty at the end of the Qin Dynasty. At that time, Huan Yi, the corps commander, Xie Xuan, the champion general, and Xie Yan, the assistant general, defeated Fu Jian in Lishui (the famous "Battle of Lishui" in history). Xie An, the prime minister, also went to Taibao because of his achievements in saving gold. Later, Sima Daozi, the younger brother of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, had a power struggle with Xie An, and repeatedly vilified Xie An. Emperor Wu of Jin had doubts about Xie An and gradually began to neglect Xie An. Huan Yi is unfair for this. At a banquet, Huan Yi played a sad song "Poem of Hatred" for Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, in which he sang: "It is not easy to be a good minister alone. Loyalty is not obvious, but there are doubts. Zhou, "Micro-payments" has not been published, "confided Wang Zheng, and juwan opposed rumors. "Its voice part is generous, and its pitch is considerable. Emperor Wu of song felt very ashamed. Xie An was also moved by it.
Wang Huizhi, another protagonist in Three Lane of Plum Blossoms, is the son of Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher, and once served as assistant minister of Huangmen. Wang Huizhi acts strangely, pretends to be detached, is brilliant, is bohemian, and is an official who does nothing. Wang Huizhi used to be a cavalry officer under General Huan Chong. Huan Chong once asked him, "Which official position are you in?" He replied, "I don't know what the official office is, but I often see a horse coming in, which seems to be Ma Su. Huan Chong asked again, "How many soldiers and horses are there in the imperial court? He replied, "How can you know if you don't ask the number of horses?" "Huan Chong asked again," How many horses have died recently? " He replied, "If you don't know life, how can you know death?" Wang Huizhi's answer is humorous, but it also has some truth. There was a Ma Su in the Prime Minister's House in the Western Han Dynasty, but there was no Ma Su in the army in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In order to show his detachment, Wang Huizhi deliberately called Ma Su. Later, in the Song Dynasty, Lu You once wrote a poem, "Dr. Wen wrote a donkey coupon, and he joined the army to judge Ma Su", which is an allusion of Wang Huizhi. "The" Mo Wen Horse "in the above dialogue comes from The Analects of Confucius and the hard time emerging. It turned out that Confucius' stable was on fire, and Confucius "didn't ask the horse", only asked if anyone was injured. "If you don't know life, how can you know death?" One sentence comes from Advanced Analects of Confucius. The original text is "Lu Ji asked ghosts and gods, and Confucius said,' If you can't serve people, why can you serve ghosts? Dare to ask death. Yue:' I don't know life, I don't know death.' Wang Huizhi's irrelevant answer makes people laugh, but every sentence has a history. He is resourceful, knowledgeable and admirable.
Huan Yi is gentle, while Wang Huizhi is bold and knowledgeable. Although they didn't say a word, it was a rare opportunity. It was the unexpected encounter between Huan Yi and Wang Huizhi that led to the birth of Three Lane of Plum Blossoms.
It is said that "Three Lane of Plum Blossoms" is one of the most popular flute music on Song boats in Ming and Qing Dynasties. "Three Lane of Plum Blossoms" has almost become a compulsory course for famous prostitutes represented by Eight Yan in Qinhuai. The flute sounded in the shadow of the paddle lamp, which was a beautiful scenery at that time. Qinhuai River even gave birth to cultural landscapes such as "stopping to listen to the flute" and "inviting the flute for an outing".
1972, the composer changed the ancient song "Three Alleys of Plum Blossoms" into piano music, with the theme of "Don't do it", that is, "Joe doesn't strive for spring, but only reports spring." When the flowers bloom, she laughs in the bushes. "Jiang Yuheng once sang a popular song" Plum Blossom Sannong ",which was also taken from an ancient song. The lyrics sing, "The world of mortals has its own infatuation. Don't laugh at infatuation. If it weren't for some cold bones, plum blossoms would be fragrant. Asking about the world, only teaching people to commit suicide, and seeing how many stories there are, is the most fascinating plum blossom trick. "From the perspective of pop songs, it can be regarded as a masterpiece.
Modern people play with ancient customs, whether it is to show political character or to show the love between men and women, after all, they lack the lofty elegance of the ancients, so it goes without saying that their tastes are high or low.
Five, pull the mountain, concubine helpless-"House of flying daggers"
A mythical god is mentioned in volume 7 of Shan Hai Jing and Overseas Western Classics. "Xingtian fights with Tiandi, and the emperor breaks his head, taking milk as the purpose, doing things carefully and dancing." Later generations said: "The dance of unity is always intense. Chest and abdomen first, what is heaven's punishment for me? " Tao Yuanming also has a poem like "Dance with the fields, always be fierce". Whenever I see these words, it always reminds me of an earth-shattering figure in history. This person is also "always ambitious" and has the extraordinary spirit of "inspiring the mountains". Although he failed in the end, he left a dazzling figure in history. This man is Xiang Yu. If there is a God of War figure in China, Xiang Yu should undoubtedly be the first choice.
Xiang Yu has unparalleled courage and momentum, which is rare in ancient and modern times. He is an indomitable hero, the terminator of the Qin Dynasty. As Tai Shigong said: "(Xiang Yu) took advantage of the situation and started from Muqi, Gansu Province. In three years, the five kings were divided into the world, while the princes were sealed and the government was the' overlord'. Although the position has not ended, it has never appeared in recent times. " As the terminator of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu created many miracles. For example, in the Battle of Julu, facing Qin Jun, the vassals were all afraid. Only Xiang Yu led the Chu army against the powerful Qin Jun. From November of the third year of Qin Ershi, Xiang Yu was appointed as a general to cross Hebei, until Zhang Han surrendered in July this year, which lasted nine months. Successively adowa Wang Zuojun and Junjun surrendered, which wiped out the main army and created conditions for overthrowing the Qin Dynasty. Another example is the battle of Pengcheng, where Jones broke through and defeated hundreds of thousands of Liu Bang allied forces with 30 thousand people.
However, after breaking the old dynasty, he could not establish a new dynasty. Liu Bang, a humble curator, together with his civilian followers, created a new unified empire, which was unprecedented at that time.
In addition to bravery, Xiang Yu's brutal side is also quite amazing. In the early battle of Xiangcheng, because Qin Jun vowed not to surrender, Xiang Yu "pitted" the soldiers guarding the city after Xiangcheng was breached. After the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu ordered the killing of 200,000 Qin Jun soldiers under Zhang Han, the general of Qin State. In the second year of Emperor Gaozu, Xiang Yu also ordered his men to kill Yi Di. Han Sheng, the counselor, failed to convince Xiang Yu, saying, "People say that Chu people bathe monkeys' ears." Immediately cooked and killed by Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu also cooked and killed Liu Bang's imperial adviser Zhou Ke and others.
However, cruelty is not Xiang Yu's fatal wound. Xiang Yu's biggest mistake was that he did not establish a strong political alliance. After Qin's death, the world was in dispute. Xiang Yu once claimed to be the overlord of the West Chu, and made a hero out of the earth as the king to enfeoffment the world. However, after the enfeoffment, the governors were not loyal to themselves. Because of his cruelty and unclear rewards and punishments, he lacks credibility in Wang Zizhong. Less than a few months after I returned to Xuzhou, I was already rebelling. As Jia Yi said, benevolence and righteousness are different from offense and defense. Benevolence here is of course a political means. Xiang Yu is obviously not a person with political wisdom.
When Liu Bang finally fought against Xiang Yu, he met Han Xin and Peng Yue to jointly attack Chu. At that time, neither Han Xin nor Peng Yue sent troops. In the end, Liu Bang promised to give all the land to Han Xin and all the land to Liang, and the two men led the troops. This is not a vassal as an emperor, but an equal field alliance. Therefore, rather than saying that Chu was destroyed by Han and Xiang Yu was defeated by Liu Bang, Xiang Yu was actually destroyed by the allied forces of the vassal States, and Emperor Gaozu was only the leader of the allied forces.
Before the two armies merged, Xiang Yu once said to Liu Bang, "People of all ages in Hungary are willing to compete with Hanwang and fight it out, rather than suffer the people and their descendants." Although Liu Bang was a little lost mentally, he didn't care. He smiled and said, "I would rather fight for wisdom than strength." The final victory will always belong to those who have more political wisdom and tactics.
Before 202 BC, the dispute between Chu and Han came to an end. The two sides fought in Gaixia (now south of Lingbi, Anhui), and 300,000 Han troops surrounded ten Wan Chu troops. In order to demoralize the other side, the Chinese side asked the soldiers to sing Chu songs. Most Chu soldiers have been away from home for a long time and are tired of fighting for many years. Some people in the Chu army began to sing bad songs, and their morale was completely shaken. Seeing that the general trend has gone, Xiang Yu is also at his wit's end. He sang to Ji: "If you pull out the mountain, you will be angry, and if you are unfavorable, you will not die." What can I do without dying? What is this? "Han soldiers are in a hurry," said Yu Ji. "There are songs all around. Your majesty is exhausted. How can a concubine live? " After singing, he drew his sword and committed suicide. Xiang Yu later fled to Wujiang River. Facing the turbulent river, he looked up at the sky and sighed, "It is not a crime to kill me today." So he drew his sword and committed suicide.
According to this battle, later generations produced two sets of famous pipa, Wu Qu's House of Flying Daggers and Farewell My Concubine. Ambush on Houses and Dismantling the Armor of Overlord are the predecessors of Pipa Music in Chu and Han Dynasties in Ming Dynasty. This piece of music is vividly described in the biography of Tang Pipa written by Wang Youding in Ming Dynasty for Tang Yingzeng, a pipa player in Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of this song, it was a decisive battle between the two armies. For a moment, "the voice of heaven and earth, the roof of the house flies." "Golden sound, drums sound, sword sound, Ma Yi sound" came and went, and then there was silence. It can be known that a mournful Song of Chu sounded, and Xiang Yu, the last hero, uttered the sound of elegy and generosity, the sound of farewell to my concubine, followed by the sound of osawa chasing horses, the sound of King Wujiang committing suicide, and I rode a horse to fight for a Wang Sheng.
Chu and Han later evolved into two different versions: the house of flying daggers and the overlord's disarming. Although they reflect the same historical theme, the ideas of the two songs are completely different. The protagonists of the house of flying daggers are Liu Bang and the Han army, and the key contents are the house of flying daggers, the small battle of Jiming Mountain, and the Jiulishan War. Music is high, exciting and magnificent. Xiang Yu and Li Jun are the protagonists in "Overlord Dismantling Armor", and the key passages are "Chu Song" and "Concubine". The music is solemn and stirring, focusing on Xiang Yu's farewell to Kyrgyzstan in the embattled scene. The former is a hymn and the latter is an elegy.
Du Mu's poem "Wujiang Xiangyu Temple" said: "The military commander has no winning or losing, and Bao is a shy person. How handsome the children of Jiangdong are, it is not known that they will make a comeback. " Du Mu sympathized with Xiang Yu. He believes that winning or losing is "unpredictable" and it is common for military strategists. Suppose Xiang Yu crosses the river, he may make a comeback like he did when he fought Qin. But Wang Anshi did the opposite. He said in "Diewujiang Pavilion": "The brave have been through many battles, and it is difficult to return to the Central Plains after defeat. Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, who will make a comeback for the king? " Wang Anshi and Du Mu have opposite views. Du Fu's poems, however, show a desire to live and die, which is even more exciting to read.
Whether it is piano music or poetry, there are two different ideas. Some viewpoints of later generations praised Liu Xiang and praised Liu Bang.