What are the mistakes in the evolution of China's surname?

As early as 5,000 years ago, China had formed a surname, which gradually developed and passed down from generation to generation. According to statistics, there are as many Chinese surnames as 1 1939. These surnames have a long history and are colorful. Almost all of them have origins, roughly a dozen sources: First, taking the country name as the surname. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, especially the Zhou Dynasty, vassal states, large and small, spread all over China, and the royal families of many countries took the country name as their surname. Second, take city, pavilion and township as surnames. Third, take the place of residence as the surname. Generally speaking, people who have no land use this method, among which there are many compound surnames, most of which indicate their places of residence in different environments. Fourth, take the ancestors' names or words as surnames. 5. Take Zu posthumous title as the surname. After the death of ancient emperors, governors and doctors, the titles of good and evil were added according to their life behavior, which was called overflow. Sixth, take the title as the surname. A title is a rank granted to a nobleman by a monarch. Seven, take the ranking of relatives as the surname. Eight, take the official position as the surname. Nine, take technology as the surname. 10. Take Germany or Hearing as the surname. 1 1. The given surname is the surname given by the son of heaven and the emperor to his subjects. Taboo is that you can't directly say or write the names of emperors or relatives. 12. changed his surname because of avoiding enemies and disasters. Thirteen, minority surnames and their changes. The original surnames of Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qiang, Shi, Jie and other ethnic minorities in the north, west and northwest of ancient times have become single surnames after many ethnic integrations, and some of them have been merged with the surnames of Han nationality.

In the evolution of surnames, there have been some changes and differences in local cultures. In addition, with the evolution and change of characters, many words in surnames have different pronunciations and are prone to mispronouncing. Let's take a brief look at which surnames are easy to mispronounce.

Ben: read ben 1 (Ben), surname. Cen: read cen2, surname. Cha: the surname reads zha 1 (slag), not "tea"

Chao: pronounced chao2 (nest), surname. Revenge: The surname should be pronounced qiu. Water: read da2 (1), surname.

Shan: read Shan4 (Shan), surname. But Khan is also a surname. Read chan2yu2 (greedy fish)

Operator: The surname reads fu2 (operator) instead of "operator". "Fu" is also pronounced as fu2, but they don't have the same surname.

Guy: Last name should be pronounced Ge3 (ge); However, it is often read as "almost"

Gao: Gao, surname. Tick-tock: surname, pronounced gou 1 (ditch), also written as "sentence". Someone else sent gou4 (enough).

Guo: Last name, pronounced guo 1 (Guo), not guo4, but 4 tones. Hua: Last name, hua4 (Hua).

Huan: read huan2 (Huan), which is a surname and a place name.

Hui: read hui4 (Hui). However, Shaanxi people also pronounce the surname "Hui" as xi 1. Jane: Read Jane (Jane), surname.

Jane, last name is Jane. Solution: "liberation" and "solution" read jie3 (sister). However, the pronunciation of this surname is Xie (thank you)

Qu: The surname is pronounced qu2 (Qu). Le: Last name, read the moon. Also read le4. They are different surnames.

Mi Fei: "Mi" is the surname and "Mi Fei" is Mi 3fu2 (Mi Fei), a great calligrapher in the Song Dynasty.

Pi: read pi 1 (batch). It is a surname, an ancient name and a place name. Pizhou is in Xuzhou today.

Qi: read Qi2 (odd), surname. Qijiang, a place name, is in Chongqing.

Area: the "area" of the area. But the last name is pronounced ou 1 (Europe). There are also "ou" or "Ouyang"

Ruan: Last name, read Ruan 3 (soft). Ruanxian is a musical instrument. Ren: the surname is pronounced ren 1 (forbearance), not' recognition'.

Tai: Read tai2 (Ju), surname. Tong: tong2 (homophone), surname.

Wan Yi: I changed my surname and read mo4qi2 (Moqi). Wei: read wei 1 (Wei), surname. "Wood" is where mountains and rivers bend.

Wei Chi: Read yu4chi2 (later period). Xian: "Xian" or "Xi", as the surname, read Xian (insurance).

Shen: read Shen 1 (deep), which is the surname. Place names, such as Shenxian. Also read xin 1 (Xin), such as Shanghai Xinzhuang.

Member: Same? , surname, read Wang yun.