Yunmen Calligraphy Resort has always been valued by literati and ranks among the most scenic spots in Yuezhong. People in the Tang Dynasty had a saying: "Thousands of clouds can be seen across the mountain". Yunmen Temple was originally the residence of Prince Zhongshu. It is said that in the third year of Yixi of Jin Dynasty (407), five-colored auspicious clouds were seen. Emperor An ordered the temple to be built and named it Yunmen Temple. The green peaks in front of the temple stand like screens. Autumn is like a thousand heavy weights and as bright as mattress embroidery. Ruoye River passes around the gate; Qinwang Mountain is on the back.
We know that Yunmen is due to the "Lanting Preface". Wang Xizhi wrote the "Lanting Preface" in Shanyin Lanting, which is known to the world, but few people know that Yunmen in Kuaiji is where the "Lanting Preface" was lost. Among the romance stories of the Tang Dynasty is the chapter "Preface to the Lost Orchid Pavilion in Yunmen". The story goes: Monk Zhiyong is the seventh generation grandson of Wang Xizhi and a descendant of Wang Hui (the fifth son of Wang Xizhi). Together with his brother Xiaobin (Huixin), the young man gave up secular life and entered Taoism at Jiaxiang Temple in Qinwangshan Mountain. He is proficient in the Prajna Lotus Sutras, loves Zen meditation, rarely engages in worldly matters, and is famous for his good books. Zhiyong lived in Yongxin Temple (Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty valued Zhiyong and Zhixin and named it Yongxin Temple, that is, Yunmen Temple.) The book on the pavilion had been posted for more than 30 years, and the writing was removed and a large bamboo pendant was placed. There was a stone as big as five 簏s, so he took it and named it "Tuibi Tomb". People who come to ask for letters or questions are like the market. The door where they live is punctured and wrapped with iron leaves, which is called the "iron door". Famous calligraphers among his disciples include Zhiguo, Shishu, Shite, Biancai, Yu Shinan, etc. Zhiyong's major contributions in the history of Chinese calligraphy art are in two aspects: firstly, he developed the purpose of "Eight Methods of Yongzi" and became a master scholar in the Sui and Tang Dynasties; secondly, he compiled the "Thousand-Character Classic" and opened the way for future calligraphers to write the "Thousand-Character Classic". wind. Eight hundred copies of Zhiyong's "Thousand-Character Essay" were written on cursive sketches, and one copy was given to each temple in eastern Zhejiang for people to write it. It later became an enlightenment book for children in my country. Mi Fu, a calligrapher of the Song Dynasty, said that the "Thousand Character Essay" written by Zhiyong was "beautiful, round and vigorous, with all aspects covered". Zhiyong's name means "acquiring the word Yong will increase wisdom". He is indeed an outstanding monk calligrapher in our country. He also made his own inscriptions, so he stopped writing books. Life span is one hundred and two years. After Zhiyong's death, "Lanting Preface" was passed down to Bencai. In his later years, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty loved calligraphy, especially calligraphy. He has collected a lot of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy and stickers, but "Lanting Preface" has only been heard of his name but not seen, so it has reached the level of covet. Later, he learned that "Lanting Preface" was in the hands of Biancai, so he issued an order to order Biancai to go to Beijing to serve in the Taoist inner court. He was given many gifts and wanted to trick Biancai into giving his calligraphy treasure. Biancai had already been mentally prepared. He wrote in the poem "Going to Taizong's Call":
The clouds are just around the corner from Songguan, and the Zen room is empty and green.
Even if the court ministers are noble, they are as competitive as the heart and the white clouds.
After arriving in Beijing, Biancai insisted that the "Lanting Preface" had been lost in the chaos and his whereabouts were unknown. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had no choice but to release him back to Yuezhong. Unwilling to give up, Taizong once again ordered Biancai to go to Beijing and ask again about the whereabouts of "Lanting Preface". This happened three times. It is recorded in "Zhi Shu" that Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty summoned Biancai three times to question him about the whereabouts of his "Lanting Tie".
Shang Shu’s right servant Shefang Xuanling saw that Emperor Taizong was eager to seek the treasure, so he recommended the supervisor Xiao Yi to go to Vietnam to find out the whereabouts of the calligraphy treasure. Xiao Yi, whose real name was Shi Yi, was the great-grandson of Emperor Xiao Yi of Liang Yuan. He was talented and resourceful. After accepting the wishes of Emperor Tai Zhi of the Tang Dynasty, he came to Yuezhou with the Miscellaneous Notes and Three Numbers of Two Kings and Three Numbers. He pretended to be a scholar from Shandong and went to Yunmen. Entering the temple at dusk, I walked around the corridor to view the murals. I passed by the Biancai Courtyard, where I could see Biancai Yi in the distance. After the cold and warm weather had passed, we were able to talk easily. As we went into the room and talked about literature and history, we got along well, so we stayed overnight that day. When it comes to calligraphy, Xiao said: "Er Wang Kai calligraphy has been taught to my disciples for a long time, and my disciples came here to study it when they were young, and now they have several calligraphies to follow." Biancai happily said: "Come tomorrow and compare." Yi went as expected and published his book to show his talent. The expert who discerns talents and is familiar with it said: This is what it is, but it is not good and good. There is an authentic work of poor Taoism, which is quite common. Yi asked what post? Biancai said: Lanting. Yi pretended to smile and said, "Several scriptures have been separated randomly. How can the authentic ones be there? It must be a fake ear that rings on the couch?" So Biancai told the truth and said: "We can see tomorrow." When the wings arrived, the discerning talent came out from the upper sill of the roof beam. When Yi saw it, he refuted Xia Zhi and said: "The result is that the book is ringing on the couch." After Biancai showed his wings to "Lanting", he no longer placed it on the beam sill. He also left the posts of the two kings of Xiaoyi among several cases. When I was more than eighty years old, I studied under the window several times a day. Now that the relationship with Yi is over, Brother Tong and others no longer have any suspicion. One day, Bencai went to Yanqian's house in the south of Lingbo Bridge. Yi then came to the house, secretly took the "Lanting Preface" and the two princes' notes from the case, and went to Yong'an Post to inform the postmaster of his identity and call him. Report your good deeds to the governor. When Shanxing (that is, Dou Jiande's sister-in-law) heard about it, he came to worship him. Xiao Yi announced the purpose and the reasons for the announcement. Being good at using people to identify their talents, identifying their talents and seeing them is the way to live in poverty in the house. Xiao Yi reported: I was sent to fetch Lanting. Lanting is now available, so I called my master to take him away. When Biancai heard the words, his body collapsed and it took a long time for him to recover.
Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was overjoyed when he saw the "Preface to Orchid Pavilion". He selected Fang Xuanling and rewarded him with thousands of pieces of brocade. One vase, one agate bowl, and actual beads. There are two good horses in the stables with precious saddles. There is one area for each house. Taizong was angry at the secret of the old monk at first. He was old and could not bear the punishment. A few days later, he still gave him three thousand pieces of food and three thousand stones of grain, which he sent to Yuezhou. Biancai did not dare to use it, so he built a three-story pagoda. The pagoda was very beautiful. However, the old monk was seriously ill due to fright and palpitations, and he died at the age of more than 10 years. Later generations named it Biancai Tower.
What makes me yearn for Yunmen is "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". Yunmen was originally the former residence of Wang Xian, and there was Prince Jingshan Pavilion. According to legend, Wang Xi's tomb is nearby. In the past, monk Zhiyong and Huixin moved to Yunmen to visit the tomb nearby. After the Jin Dynasty, many poets visited him. During the Six Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, Xie Kangle and his younger brother Xie Huilian, known as Xie Xie, once went boating on the Ye River and exchanged poems at the Prince Jingshan Pavilion. "Xie Lingyun and Hui's couplets are carved on the side of the (Gutan) tree" (Volume 10 of "Jiatai Kuaiji Chronicles"). Although only two poems by Wang Ji, a poet of the Southern Dynasties, have survived, he also has an eternal quatrain about boating on Yexi River: "The cicada-dry forest becomes quieter, and the bird-singing mountain becomes more secluded." During the Liang Dynasty, He Yin once "lived in Yunmen Temple in Ruoye Mountain" (Volume 14 of Jiatai Kuaiji Chronicles). Monk Hong Yan once stopped here and wrote a famous poem "Yunmen Temple". The romance of the Six Dynasties can be seen in general. Song Zhiwen, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, pioneered the popular poetry in the mid-Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Yongchun (692), Wang Bo, one of the four outstanding figures of the early Tang Dynasty, led the poets from eastern Zhejiang to build the Jingshan Pavilion of Prince Yunmen, and wrote the "Preface to the Construction of the Mountain Pavilion Xian of Yunmen". Perhaps Wang Bo still had some unfinished ideas, so he worked on it again in the autumn of the same year and wrote "Preface to the Yuezhou Autumn Feast in the Mountain Pavilion". After that, there was a poet named Zhedong in Dali (57th century). Li Taibai loved to travel to famous mountains throughout his life. He visited Zhejiang four times and went to the rooftops three times. He left a large number of poems in Shaoxing. One of his poems about Yunmen is "Yu's cave is looking for the stream to enter, and Yunmen is deep across the ridge." Du Fu never forgot his youth trip to Yuezhong. When he wrote a poem to a friend's painting, he actually said: "The mountain monk looks like a boy, Ruoye River, Yunmen Temple, I am alone in the mud, and my blue shoes and stockings will start from now on." Sigh. Meng Haoran, Liu Changqing, Wang Wei, Yuan Weizhi, Bai Tianle, Du Mu and other great poets of the Tang Dynasty came here to appreciate the beautiful scenery and leave poems. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than fifty poems in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" that directly refer to Yunmen, and there are countless poets who visited Yunmen in the Tang Dynasty. Yunmen is a must-visit place in Central Vietnam. According to statistics, there are more than 400 Tang Dynasty poets who have walked the Tang Poetry Road in Eastern Zhejiang. Those who come to Yunmen must stay here for the night. If you think about it, Yunmen is the best place in the world. The first celebrity inn.
Among them, Biancaixiang Pavilion is the most popular among literati. Biancai was a lawyer of Yunmen Temple and the proud disciple of Sun Zhiyong, the seventh generation of Wang Xizhi. The Xiang Pavilion where he lived during his lifetime was of course also valued by future generations. The name of Xiang Pavilion seems to come from the unique heavenly fragrance of Yunmen. Song Zhiwen's "Su Yunmen Temple" said: "The fragrance of the sky fills the crowds." Sun Miao's "Reward Wanba Congratulations to Jiuyunmen for Returning to the Creek" says: "The fragrance of the sky fills my sleeves when I return." Meng Haoran's "Poem of Visiting Yunmen Temple" says: "Climb the pavilion in Xiangjie to rest." Sun Miao's "Suyunmen Temple Pavilion" said: "Under the east mountain of Xiangge, the fireworks are like fireworks outside." Sun Miao should consider psychologically if he does not live in Yandong Courtyard but in Xiangge Courtyard. (According to the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, Li Bao, an observer of eastern Zhejiang Province, went to Yunmen and lived in Xiangge Courtyard, leaving behind the poem "Su Yunmen Xiangge Courtyard"). At that time, the "Lanting Preface" was hidden on the beam sill of Xiangge Courtyard. Above, the poet should pay his respects by staying here. The other "inn" should be Dongkeyuan, that is, Yandongyuan, the reception hall of Yunmen Temple. Xiao Yi lived here when he was entrusted by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty to come to Yunmen to obtain the "Lanting Preface" by fraud. Xiao Yi has a poem called "Suyunmen East Guest House". When the poet first came to Yunmen, he made friends with Biancai through this poem and won Biancai's favor.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yunmen was still valued by literati, with Wang Anshi, Su Dongpo, Su Shunqin, Fan Zhongyan and others visiting one after another. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was the youth reading place of the great poet Lu You. Lu You mentioned Yunmen in many poems and wrote Yunmen's "Shou Sheng Yuan Ji". Xin Qiji once served as the governor of eastern Zhejiang and climbed Qinwang Mountain from behind Yunmen. Write " ".
In the Song Dynasty, Yunmen was divided into six temples: Guangxiao, Xiansheng, Yongxi, Puji, Mingjue and Yunmen. The scale of its temple was described by Lu You in Yunmen's "Shoushengyuan Ji": "Yunmen Temple has been famous all over the world since the Jin and Tang Dynasties. The old man said that in the old days, when it was in its prime, it was surrounded by mountains and rivers, and buildings collapsed repeatedly, leaning on rocks and crossing ravines. "Those who live here forget to grow old, and those who live here forget to return home. People who visit the temple are tired all day long and often cannot get out. Even if there are people in the temple, they may not see each other for ten months." Later, there were repairs, and the ruins still exist today.
Liu Bowen lived in Yunmen for many days in the Ming Dynasty and left a large number of poems. "Travel to Yunmen", "From Yunfeng to the Qingyuan Tower of Puji", "From Puji to Mingjue Temple to Shenju", "Residence in the Jingshe" and "The Source of Living Water" were written in this.
Zhang Yuanji, the number one scholar in the Ming Dynasty, wrote five volumes of "Yunmen Zhilue". The existing "Recruiting for the Repair of Yunmen Temple Monuments" was written by Wang Siren, a patriotic writer from Shaoxing in the late Ming Dynasty, and executed by Fan Yunlin from Suzhou. Under the stele, there are inscriptions and postscripts by Dong Qichang, Chen Jiru and Dong Xiangmeng, which are integrated with the inscription above. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, ten people including Chen Hongshou and Qi Zhijia became monks in Yunmen Temple and formed the Shizi Society.
A brief biography of Mo Tao: Mr. Yinghua (Mo Tao) was born in the mid-1950s in the southern Yanzhao area. There were many generous and elegiac people in Yanzhao ancient times, so Mr. Mo Tao had a free and easy spirit of pride before he was a weak man. , that is to say: the pen moves like a dragon and a snake, due to the chivalrous spirit, the words are like the person, and the person is like the words. Mr. Mo Tao’s hometown is Julu, one of the thirty-six counties of the Qin Dynasty. The ancient county has had a folk custom of worshiping literature and education since ancient times. The Chinese culture has left a deep imprint on Mr. Mo Tao’s mind when he was a boy. When he was 16 years old, he resolutely joined the army and rushed to Qinchuan, 800 miles away, to become a glorious soldier of the People's Liberation Army. Xi'an, known as Chang'an, Jingzhao, etc. in ancient times, is world-famous as one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. It is known as "the golden city thousands of miles away and the land of abundance" in "Historical Records". Mr. Mo Tao works day and night on this fertile cultural soil of Xi'an. He eagerly absorbed the essence of Chinese civilization, visited famous teachers, and received lessons from masters such as Wang Guanjun and Yao Suzhi, both of whom were the leading calligraphers in Guanzhong. He spent a long time dormant in the Forest of Steles in Xi'an and copied the ink of famous calligraphers such as Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing, and Liu Gongquan. He also went deep into Zhongnan Mountain and Huashan Mountain to study with eminent monks and hermits, which laid a good foundation for his future artistic achievements and formed his later steady and elegant calligraphy style. After that, he traveled across Qilu and studied in Qufu, the hometown of Confucius and Linyi, the hometown of Wang Xizhi. In the year of Wuzi, preparations were made to establish the Mingcha Painting and Calligraphy Academy in Beijing. Mr. Mo Tao has devoted his whole life to studying and promoting Chinese culture. In particular, Mr. Mo Tao has been obsessed with "Lanting Culture" for decades and has made high academic achievements and has been highly praised by experts in the industry. "Lanting Preface" by Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is an unparalleled work of Chinese calligraphy. Although there is no original copy by later generations, many people in later generations have copied it. Only 12 editions of this work have been handed down, and they are widely scattered throughout the country, making it difficult to find their traces. . Mr. Mo Tao has spent thirty years traveling all over the country, collecting information on all surviving editions from the Forbidden City in Beijing, the National Palace Museum in Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong, China, intending to restore the former glory of "Lanting Preface" and pass it on to the public. For his own responsibility, he remained determined in the morning light and dusk, in the cold and hot summer, and accompanied him day and night with tea and a solitary lamp. He wrote hard and copied without stopping. No less than 10,000 materials were used for the practice of engraving drafts, and tons of copy paper were used. Finally, 1,088 square meters of seals found in "Lanting Preface" were selected, and a 180-foot long scroll was copied, including all famous versions. The inscriptions, postscripts, and seals of celebrities, masters, and emperors from past dynasties are passed down to later generations, which is a grand event of calligraphy and culture.