The Eight Pillars of Lanting, the remains of Yuanmingyuan, were moved to the Summer Palace in 19 10 (Xuantong two years) and then placed in Yeluchu Temple. 19 15, Jiang Chaozong sent a letter to Puyi Interior Office, requesting Shejitan to develop the park and transport the Lanting Monument and the rocks in Yuanmingyuan. Later, the Lanting Monument and the Eight Stone Columns were transported to Zhongshan Park 19 17 years ago and 194 1 year later respectively. Until 197 1 years ago, a new octagonal pavilion with double eaves was built with eight stone pillars on the west side of Tang Hua dock, which was called "natural scenery". Most of the Lanting posts of the eight stone pillars are weathered, and half of them are still intact and can still be read.
On the first pillar, there is a copy of Yu Shinan, a calligrapher in the early Tang Dynasty. On the second pillar, a copy of Chu Suiliang is engraved; On the third pillar, a replica of Feng Chengsu is engraved; On the fourth pillar, the original preface to Lanting Collection by Liu Zongyuan, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty, is engraved. On the fifth pillar, the original preface to Lanting Collection by Liu Gongquan, a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty, is engraved. On the sixth pillar, Yu Minzhong, a scholar of A Qing Qianlong, is engraved with the Lanting que pen for Liu Gongquan. On the seventh column, Amin painter Dong Qichang copied Liu Gongquan's Preface to Lanting Collection. On the eighth column, Emperor Qianlong copied the Preface of Lanting Collection written by Dong Qichang Liu Gongquan.
The Eight Columns of Lanting and the Monument of Lanting are the old things of the pavilion of "Sitting on the Stone Tide" in Yuanmingyuan, and now they are the important parts of the pavilion of "Amethyst Tiancheng" in Zhongshan Park.
Sitting in Shilin Pavilion, located in the northwest of Tong Yuan Park, was built in the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), imitating the artistic conception of Shaoxing Gulan Pavilion, named Liu Beige. The grotesque rocks in the ravine are steep and the shock wave is distributed, which makes the pavilion win. The pavilion is a three-bay pavilion with double eaves, which was named "Sitting on the Stone Tide" by Emperor Li Hong of Qianlong.
In the spring of the forty-fourth year of Qianlong (1779), Li Hong collected six ink frames of Lanting Tie, a famous calligrapher of past dynasties (Tang Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Feng Chengsu copied the Preface to Lanting, Liu Tang Gong wrote the Poem of Lanting in full, Dong Qichang's Poem of Lanting in Ming Dynasty was in Liu Gongquan, and Xihongtang carved the original poem of Lanting in Liu Gongquan). In order to "once and for all", Li Hong will transform the stone pavilion into an octagonal pavilion, which is convenient for carving a book on each pillar with stone pillars. This is the famous "Lanting Eight Columns" in Yuanmingyuan.
There is a stone screen (that is, Lanting monument) in the stone pavilion. The screen consists of two stones: the screen body and the screen seat. The screen is six feet high, five feet wide and one foot thick. Mount Sumi is about a foot and a half high. On the front of the screen, there is a picture of the Repair of Lanting by scholars such as Wang Xizhi, and four poems written by Gan Long Yu Bi are engraved on the tablet (the poem "Sitting on a Stone and Walking in the Clouds" in nine years, and the book "Eight Columns of Lanting" in forty-four, forty-seven and fifty years).
In the west of Tang Hua dock in Beijing Zhongshan Park, there is a green glazed tile octagonal pavilion made of eight stone pillars, which is called "Natural Scenery". The pavilion was built in 197 1, and there is a stone tablet in the pavilion, named Lanting Monument. On the front of the stone tablet, there is a picture of Lanting Xiuzhu winding with flowing water. Above the picture, there is the full text of "Lanting Eight-Column Book" inscribed by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty in Jihaichun (forty-four years of Qianlong). The tablet is engraved with imperial poems and poems written by Jiazi (nine years of Qianlong), Jihai, Renyin (forty-seven years of Qianlong) and Yisi (fifty years of Qianlong). Monuments and eight stone pillars are the remains of one of the 40 scenic spots in Yuanmingyuan, "Sitting on a stone and walking in the clouds".
According to the imperial examination in Old News of Sunshine, "Sitting on a stone and flowing in the southeast of Minsai, Shui Mu, lying in the quiet east, surrounded by streams, facing west". "Lanting" is a scenic spot sitting on a stone and facing the water. In the early days, it was a rectangular three-bay open pavilion, and later it was converted into a double-eaves octagonal pavilion, which was built in imitation of the artistic conception of Lanting Pavilion in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in the early years of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty. In this regard, Emperor Qianlong explained in one of his poems: "Bai Shiquan is full of Robbie, and the winding path is attached to Pan Jinlian. Going to have fun every year is Jin Yonghe. " This poem extends the winding landscape of this pavilion to the elegant events that Wang Xizhi spent in the Gulan Pavilion in Shaoxing on the fourth day of every year (the third day of March) during the Yonghe period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in order to illustrate the garden origin of this pavilion.
Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, hosted a banquet in Yonghe in the spring of the ninth year. During the dinner, he drank wine and wrote poems. Wang Xizhi wrote a 324-word Preface to Lanting, also known as Preface to Lanting Collection. This preface is of great value and is called "the best running script in the world". Historically, this kind of gathering was also called Lanting Gathering. Emperor Qianlong, who loved calligraphy, deeply appreciated the Lanting written by literati and Wang Xizhi, but the cultural connotation of Lanting sitting in Shibeixi was still insufficient. Therefore, we searched for the Lanting ink of famous artists in the past dynasties from the post collection of the Ministry of Interior, and collected six frames of Lanting ink: Tang Yushi's Nanben, Chu Suiliang's Ben, Feng Chengsu's Lanting Preface, Liu Tanggong's All Lanting Poetry and its Preface, Liu Gongquan's Lanting Poetry in Dong Qichang in Ming Dynasty, Xi Tang Hong's Engraving Liu Gongquan's Lanting Poetry and Yu Min's Great Carving. At the same time, when Qianlong rebuilt Lanting in forty-four years, the wooden pillars of the original pavilion were changed into eight stone pillars, each square, half a meter wide on each side and more than four meters long. Emperor Qianlong wrote in his inscription: "It is the spring of the sea, compiling the eight-column book of Lanting. In this case, the pavilion is convenient to use stone pillars, and each book is engraved with a column. " Its purpose is to "pass it on forever." Therefore, in his poems, he emphasized that "the eight pillars are copied by hook, and the meaning of the cover lasts forever." That is, this is a treasure of the past because it has a good order. "
Now, the Lanting, sitting on a stone and flowing through the scenic spot, has long since disappeared and has become a ruin full of weeds. After the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan, Lanting and Lanting Eight Pillars were abandoned in the wild. By 19 14, the national altar in Beijing was changed into the Central Park. In order to enrich the cultural relics in the park, 19 17 transported the cultural relics to the central park, and built three anterooms and four corridors in front of the "studio" for displaying stone tablets. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Party and the government attached great importance to this important cultural relic. 197 1 year, the "Lanting" was built in Zhongshan Park using these eight stone pillars, and the original stone tablet was also placed in the pavilion. Today, the Lanting monument is still intact and the handwriting image is clear. The Eight Pillars Lanting Post is weathered, but it can still be read. This octagonal pavilion with double eaves has become one of the important landscapes of Zhongshan Park, and it is also an important cultural relic for people to mourn the vicissitudes of Yuanmingyuan.
The Eight Pillars of Lanting (first edition)
China Qing Dynasty Lanting Collection Preface Rare Book. Framed and folded, two 8 volumes, one volume each, including Preface to Lanting Collection, ** 175, each with a length of 29.8 cm and a width of 34.2 cm.
The eight volumes are arranged in the order of "doing, watching, rooting, truth, training, reason, Kun and exchange" in the name of the eight diagrams. The first volume is Yu Shinan's Preface to Imitating Lanting Collection; The second volume, Chu Suiliang copied the preface to Lanting; The third volume is Preface to Feng Chengsu's Imitation of Lanting Collection. The fourth volume, Liu Gongquan's "Lanting Poetry and Ink"; The fifth volume, Xihongtang carved the original poem of Liu Gongquan Lanting; In the sixth volume, Yu Minzhong wrote Tang Hong and carved Liu Gongquan's poems in Lanting. The seventh volume, Dong Qichang imitated Liu Gongquan's Preface to Lanting Collection; The eighth volume, Emperor Qianlong imitated Dong Qichang Liu Gongquan's Lanting Poetry. Among them, Yu, Chu, Feng's codex and "Pavilion Poem" were kept by the Imperial Palace. At the beginning of the eight posts, there is an inscription by Gan Long, followed by the inscriptions by celebrities of past dynasties. Because the stone is carved with ink hooks, the carving is excellent, which makes the brushwork interesting. Before and after each volume, there is a seal of "Treasure of Qianlong Imperial Travel", which is now in the Palace Museum.
The eight pillars of Lanting were carved in the forty-fourth year of Qianlong (1779) and placed in Wenyuan Pavilion in Yuanmingyuan. After the destruction of Yuanmingyuan, the Lanting Monument and its stone pillars moved to Beijing Zhongshan Park in 19 17, and now they are in Lanting Monument Pavilion.