Weng Juan is a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. The word continues the ancient, and the word is refreshing. A native of Yongjia (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang). The year of birth and death is unknown. Commoners for life. He is the oldest among the "Four Spirits of Yongjia".
Liu Kezhuang criticized the "Four Spirits" and said: "The Yongjia poets galloped very hard to see the vassals of Jia Dao and Yao He" ("Preface to the Collection of Gua Pu"), but he had another comment on Weng Juan. In the "Gift to Weng Juan", it is said: "He is not only good at Tang style, but also at the selection of body styles. Sometimes a thousand years of events can only be included in one couplet." There are only a few ancient style poems in the collection of Weng Juan today, such as "Thinking of Faraway Guests" , "Farewell to Liu Jidao", "Collecting Medicine in the Mountains", "Rewarding Friends", etc., closely resemble the five-character poems of the Han and Wei Dynasties in "Selected Works", but lack personal characteristics. More of them are modern poetry. Some of the seven unique poems are quite clever, such as "Ambition": "One day in autumn, it was a cold and clear bay, with countless peaks far and near. I went up the mountain to see wild fires, and suddenly I saw green mountains under the water." "April in the Countryside" is a more well-known song. : "The mountains are green and the rivers are full of white, and the rain is like smoke amid the sound of the music. There are few idle people in the countryside in April, so they are planting sericulture and planting fields." It has a fresh and distant meaning.
He is the author of 1 volume of "Xiyan Collection", and the "Small Collection of Sages of the Southern Song Dynasty"; "Wei Bixuan Collection", and the "Yongjia Poets' Ancestral Hall Cong Ke" edition.
Fan Chengda (1126-1193) was known as Zhi Neng and also known as Shihu Jushi. A native of Wu County, Pingjiang (the county is governed in present-day Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). Poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. His parents died young and his family was poor. In the twenty-fourth year of Shaoxing (1154), Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he was a Jinshi. He was first awarded the title of Hucao. He was also appointed as the Supervisor and Agent Bureau and the prefect of Chuzhou. He went to the Jin Dynasty as a living man and a fake Zizhengdian bachelor to change the etiquette and accept the Jin Dynasty's imperial edicts. He asked for the local affairs of the "mausoleum" in Henan, resisted generously, was not afraid of violence, was killed several times, and returned without disgraceful mission, and wrote the envoy Jin's diary "Raider Record". Later, he successively served as the chief executive of Jingjiang, Xiandu, Jiankang and other places. During the reign of Chunxi, an official came to participate in political affairs. Because he had different opinions with Xiaozong, he resigned within two months. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in his hometown of Shihu. His posthumous title was Wenmu. He is as famous as You Miao, Yang Wanli and Lu You, and is known as the "four great poets of the ZTE". He sent people from Jiangxi and later studied the poetry of the Middle and Late Tang Dynasties. He inherited the realism spirit of New Yuefu poets such as Bai Juyi, Wang Jian and Zhang Ji, and finally became his own family. His poems have a wide range of themes and their styles are simple, fresh and charming. Poetry has a wide range of themes, and the works that reflect the content of rural social life have the highest achievements. The seventy-two quatrains he wrote on his way to Jin, such as "Qingyuandian", "Zhouqiao", "Double Temple", etc., reflect the painful life of the northern people and their national feelings. The patriotism is high and tragic. His "Rent-Driving Tour", "Later Rent-Using Tour", "Silk Reeling Tour", "Working with She Farming", etc. expose the cruelty of feudal exploitation and show sympathy for the people's sufferings. In his later years, he wrote sixty poems called "Pastoral Miscellany in Four Seasons", which depict rural scenery, customs and farmers' lives. The style is fresh and lively, graceful and smooth, rich in charm and has the characteristics of folk songs. It is a collection of ancient pastoral poems. This type of poetry had a great influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His literary works were also famous at that time. The lyrics are long-lasting and profound, similar to Qin Guan, and his later works are closer to Su Shi. Fan Chengda's works had a significant impact in the late Southern Song Dynasty, and had an even greater impact in the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was a popular saying that "the family's sword is in the south and the door is in the stone lake". For example, one of the poems "Summer" says: "We work in the fields during the day and work on hemp crops at night. In the village, each child is in charge of his own family. Children and grandchildren are still working for farming and weaving, and they also learn to grow melons by the mulberry trees." It describes the hard work of a farmer's family, which is affectionate. , simple and has a strong local flavor. He also wrote some works about singing for social gatherings, traveling in mountains and rivers, lamenting the sorrow of the elderly, and even talking about Buddhist scriptures and Zen. Yang Wanli's "Preface to the Poetry Collection of Shihu laymen" said: "(Fan Cheng's great poem) The big poems are full of flow, and the short chapters are condensed; they are not brewed, and they are not shrunk (left and right). Fresh and charming, there is a hint of embarrassment at the end; Ben Yijunwei pursues Taibai. He sings and sings, but he cannot be found in the world. "For details of his life, see Volume 386 of "History of the Song Dynasty". There are "Shihu Lay Poems Collection", "Shihu Ci", etc.
"Yanbo Fishing Disciple" Zhang Zhihe
Zhang Zhihe (about 730-about 810), also known as Zitong, was first named Guiling. Later, he was named "Zhihe" by Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty and called himself "Zhihe". "Yanbo Diaotu", also known as "Xuan Zhenzi", is a famous poet and poet in the Tang Dynasty [2]. His poems mostly describe reclusive life, and the scenery is bright and vivid. He is a famous work among the early literati's poems.
〔5〕
Zhang Zhihe’s cultivation method is very special. He often "fishes along the stream", but "never throws bait" because he "doesn't care about fishing" [2]. So what was he doing sitting there? In the name of fishing, practice practice! The stream was like a mirror in front of him. From it, he saw all things in the world, saw the gods beyond the world and communicated with them, and then continued to see the elements that make up all things in the universe and the way they move. He "read" this mirror for a long time, and the scene in the mirror deepened layer by layer as his cultivation level increased, endlessly. He recorded his cultivation experience, compiled it into a book, named it "Xuan Zhenzi", and took "Xuan Zhenzi" as his Taoist title. The book originally had twelve volumes with a total of 30,000 words, but it was incomplete in the Southern Song Dynasty. Only three volumes remained, which were included in the "Tai Xuan Department" of "Tao Zang" [6] [7]. Later generations said that "his writings are mysterious and he is one of the gods." 〔5〕
Judging from the three remaining volumes, the content is quite rich. However, because of its profound meaning, it is not only difficult for ordinary people to understand, but also for cultivators who do not reach a certain level. "The Song of the Hollow" by Zhang Zhihe stored in "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" is a short section in the first volume of the book [1]. Among them, "Reflective vision, unique thinking, and observation" imply the key to fully understanding "Xuan Zhenzi": you must first open your own heavenly eye! Because he is recording the phenomena and legal principles he has seen from another time and space. If you can't see anything, you won't understand what he is talking about, and the more you read, the more confused you will be. People who have a certain understanding of Taoist theory, especially the Tao Te Ching, may vaguely understand some of its contents, but they will feel that it is as elusive as the Tao Te Ching. In fact, the relationship between "Tao Te Ching" and "Xuan Zhen Zi" is that one is the program and the other is the details; one is abstract and the other is concrete. If "Xuan Zhenzi" is regarded as a specific exegesis of "Tao Te Ching", we can gain a deeper understanding of both books.
Later Yan Zhenqing traveled east to Pingwangyi. When Zhang Zhihe drank to his heart's content, he performed water games for everyone: he spread his seat on the water and sat on it alone, drinking, talking, laughing and singing. The seat moved back and forth on the water, sometimes faster and sometimes slower, making a sound like a boat on the water. Then another crane flew from the clouds and followed him above his head. Yan Zhenqing and other people watching on the shore were all surprised. Not long after, Zhang Zhihe waved on the water, expressed his gratitude to Yan Zhenqing, and then flew up. 〔5〕 Another theory says that "it is later said that he suddenly flew away on a cloud crane", saying that he flew away on a cloud crane. 〔2〕
There have always been very few people who have achieved "Ascension in the Day", so it is not generally recognized by people. For him to fly away leisurely in front of many people, including famous ministers like Yan Zhenqing and great calligraphers of all ages, is really a rare spectacle in history!