1. Usually a name stamp is essential for a work. That is to say, there are seals such as the author's surname, first name, or nickname, etc. These seals are stamped at the end of the signature to indicate the source of the work.
Usually there is only one stamp, "someone's seal", "so-and-so", or just a first name without a surname, or a pen name. In short, there is usually only one stamp. There are also people whose surname is one chapter and whose first name is one chapter, but they are very few.
2. Works of some standards will use idle chapters, that is, chapters that are not for identifying the author's identity, but for layout decoration. For example, the opening chapter is usually placed in the upper left corner of the work as a decoration of the overall layout to break the rigid structure of the work that is too serious.
When you first start learning, just a name stamp is enough. Once you have reached a certain level, you can learn how to stamp a casual stamp.
3. The name stamp is used to sign the title. Some names are connected together and some are separated. The inscription and seal should be written with one name and one character, or one surname and one name. The name of the money is printed; the name of the money is printed with a name stamp. If the payment has a surname, a name seal can be used. If the payment does not have a surname, or if the payment is not signed, a name seal should be used to facilitate identification of the author.
The ancients used seals and paid attention to etiquette. When a humble child writes to his elders, he should use a name seal; among ordinary people, he should use a character seal; when an elder writes to a humble child, he should use a different name seal. On the contrary, it will make people laugh. Modern calligrapher and painter Zhang Daqian believes that the shape of name stamps is "square is the best, round is okay, but if the waist is round, the natural shape is not suitable."
Name stamps are generally divided into Zhuwen (Yangwen) and Baiwen (Yangwen). Yinwen) two kinds. When there are two name seals on a calligraphy work, it is best to have one in red and one in white, and the two chapters should be of appropriate size. When multiple chapters are used at the end of the payment, the order is the name seal first, then the word and number seals.
4. The leisure chapter is also called the layout chapter, including the leading chapter, the side seal, the corner seal and the waist seal. Xianzhang is actually not "xian". If the bell seal is properly used, it can not only play the role of pen and ink, but also play a role that pen and ink cannot play.
As modern calligrapher and painter Pan Tianshou said: "The first chapter and the corner seal are the same as the name seal. They can echo the color changes on the picture, break up the flatness, and stabilize the balance. . ”
5. The appreciation seal is a seal for appreciating collectors. According to reports, the collection seal also began in the Tang Dynasty and became popular after the Song Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty used the two characters "Zhenguan" in his own calligraphy as a series of seals, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made a series of seals with the characters "Kaiyuan", both of which were used in the imperial collection of calligraphy and paintings. Later, there were many names for appreciation, such as collection, treasure, appraisal, appreciation, inspection, etc.
When seals are used for collection, the size of the calligraphy and painting should be considered, and the main thing is not to damage the words and pictures. Some collectors, in order to preserve their reputation through the ages, often destroy the picture when stamping. This should be avoided.
Extended information
Identification of seal authenticity:
1. The imprint required for identification must be consistent with the size of the known authentic seal and the text strokes of the seal If the location is consistent, that's basically it.
2. The seal of a painting and calligraphy work by a famous artist should also have a certain artistic level. If the seal is poor, it may be a fake. The artistic level of a seal can mainly be judged from calligraphy, composition, and knife skills. In particular, there must be no errors in words. It is impossible for a famous calligrapher and painter to frequently write or use wrong words.
3. To identify a seal, you also need to look at the color of the ink pad. Although the color of an ancient painting seal may be bright, it will also undergo changes over time and vicissitudes, and the color will become Thick and calm, the ink pad is made of cinnabar. The color of cinnabar is stable, but the imprint will also undergo some changes over time, although the changes are small. The performance of gold is stable, but gold in new products will still be different from gold that has been handed down for many years. Therefore, the color of seals on ancient paintings and calligraphy cannot be the same as the color of seals on modern works.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Seal