There are five ways to use pens.
It is flat.
In ancient times, it was said that literature is expensive. Pinch the tube with three fingers, neither high nor low, which means that the fingers and wrists, wrists and elbows, elbows and arms are flat, and the whole body force acts on the arms, and the fingers are exerted by the arms, and the force is even. Calligraphy is like drawing sand with a cone. Clear head and tail, pen and pen delivery, no weakness, can be plain. The flat plate is as solid as wood, with ripples and folds. Its wrist is flat and uneven, which is vivid because of its strength. How are you? Hong Tao. Vortex shrouded the waterfall, ever-changing. When it is quiet, it is as flat as a mirror, and the water is always there.
The second is round.
Brush the hook, if the word is horizontal, from left to right, horizontal; From right to left, hook straight. Start with a sharp pen, close the pen and turn to the front, and start with a pen to complete the seal cutting method. The head and tail are connected, the official body changes, Cao Zhang turns right, and the two kings take the whole circle, that is, the same hook. Calligraphy will never go away, there will be no sag, and there will be no shrinkage. The so-called method of folding hairpin strands is also round. Sun and Moon Nebulae, mountains and rivers, vegetation and round shapes are all based on nature, otherwise they are stiff and boring, which is a serious illness.
Stay for three days
Pen has comments, play the tape up and down. Concentrate on meditation and take your time. A good archer turns his horse into a bow and pulls it without firing it. A good writer wants to write to the right, but the potential goes against the left first. When the pen turns left, it will inevitably turn right. In arithmetic, points are integrated into lines, that is, calligraphy is like a leak. Draw a zigzag with one side of the pen. Center the pen to form a sword ridge. Li Houzhu wrote Jin Cuodao's book and made good use of the vibrating pen. Yan's book passed through the back of the paper. He stopped writing slowly, which is why he stayed. It's dangerous if it's not astringent, and slippery if it's too flowing. The pen is expensive and vigorous, and calligraphy and painting are natural.
Four days is heavy.
Heavy turbidity is not heavy stagnation. Mihuer's pen can find Ding, Wang Lutai's diamond pestle. Points will fall like rocks, and anger will be like crossbows. Gold is the most important, but take its softness, iron is the most important, and take its beauty. If you want to lift weights, you must be light, although it is thin and heavy. Then you can be free and unconstrained style, dragons will change, and you won't be stupid. People who are good at getting rid of the mud contain strength in their demeanor and turn stagnation into lightness. The brushes of Ni Yunlin and Yuntiantian float on the water if they can't touch the paper. In fact, they are thick but not evil, fat and moist, full of vitality, also known as Si.
Five changes.
Li Zhuanshu's theory of cloud, pointing out the same, painting the same. When water is the point and fire is the point, there is bound to be a trend of looking back left and right and echoing up and down. Therefore, surrounded by mountains and rivers, interaction between trees and stones, character tendency and ever-changing character modeling are all affectionate retrospections. Seek clarity in harmony and chaos in complexity. Know the white and leave the black, bring forth the old and bring forth the new, just as there are four seasons in chronological order. Spring flow is prominent and it is not easy to run. Tao is metaphysical, and art is successful. Although the technique changes and the Tao remains the same, it is also based on this.
The above is a simple example of using a pen in ancient times. The success of brushwork is all due to the daily research and development of inscriptions and dictionaries. There are great painters and famous painters. Everyone puts pen to paper, rarely. There are hundreds of famous writers, but you can't find one. There are hundreds of famous writers, but there is no mediocre history, and famous writers have never had a mediocre history. If there is a decisive person, it means that there is no weak pen. Practice various methods to form one stroke, one stroke is like this, and thousands of strokes are like this. With a stroke, it began to hover. Put down the pen, there are eight directions ahead. Calligraphers call it beginning and end, and replace it with gossip orientation. After the paper is dropped, although it is a little bit, it will be transported all over and will never relax. Like lions fighting. It is also exhausting all one's strength and putting pen on paper, which is often considered as Kunwu's knife cutting jade, sharp and sharp, hard work without good work, not shallow and profound. Turn the vertical pen into a circle. There are twists and turns in the pen, white and white, thin or sand, thick or stone. Huang's comments on the painting method of the Song Dynasty, such as insects gnawing at wood, are naturally written. Zhao Ziang's poem says: Stone white is like a fly, wood white is like a brush, and the six methods are all based on the eight methods. Flying white is natural, purely in pen power, and lack of strength. If it flies white and becomes deformed, it is a weak pen, which is definitely not desirable. Turn up when closing and lifting the pen, which is called silkworm tail in calligraphy, also called hard break. The pen has a positive and negative direction, and it can be recycled, and the connection becomes a pen. From one pen to ten million, it's still one pen. There was a book in ancient times. During the Jin and Song Dynasties, Zong Bing had a stroke. The ancient poems are profuse and sweaty, drawing a thousand strokes at a time. Although the changes are great, the brushwork is the same, called a stroke. The method of preparing gas is a synthesizer. In the ancient cloud, there are thousands of poems written by Song people. In Yuan Dynasty, there were three strokes and two strokes, but there was no simplification, especially in brushwork. Legally speaking, there is no way to use a pen; If you are confined to the law, you can't use the pen. Forget hooves, forget fish. A deep understanding of the law transcends the law. It is necessary to read more ancient books on painting, read more original works by famous artists, study hard day and night, and learn successfully without interruption; Then I traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers, and the changes were great, which were not done by the ancients. History can't be mediocre, and the brushwork is exquisite and ink-and-wash.
There are seven kinds of ink methods, and the ancient ink method is better than water. The deification of ink painting is still in the pen. There is a loss of pen power and the ink is dull. Painting five colors in ancient times, numbered Danqing, Yuting painting, and painting five colors with five chapters, is the beginning of Danqing. Zhou Guan painted five colors and then succeeded; The paintings of Lingguang Hall in Hanlu are supported by painters and have similar colors. Wei Zedan is green, bright and has a unique greenhouse; Jin Caize painted wheels, and the oil painting was purple; The landscape of Emperor Liang Yuan is turquoise, originally called broken ink, which is different from Danqing. Ink painting began in the Six Dynasties. It is well known that the progress of art is better than that of Dan Qing. It is also said that high ink is green and low ink is green.
Landscape painting, colorful people, green peaks, red water and stones, this is the way to use ink. When you are like Dan Qing, you can argue with it clearly. Tang's "Landscape Tactics" says that ink painting is the best in painting. In addition to calligraphy inkstone, sometimes the game is samadhi. Time is long and quite subtle. Therefore, Li Cheng, Guo, Su Shi, Mi Fei, etc. learned from Mohism and gradually got fully prepared. In the Yuan Dynasty, Huang, Ni Zan, Wang Meng, Zhenwu, Dong Yuan and four schools learned from each other. The mountains and rivers are vigorous, the flowers and trees are lush, and the painting is down to business. Are extremely wonderful, and have been despised since ancient times. Throughout the ancient and modern famous paintings, there are many ink and wash plays, the clouds are changing, the charm is natural, the workmanship is exquisite, and the paintings are incredible, so let me give you a brief example.
There are seven ways to use ink.
First, the thick ink method.
The New Moon Book of Mo in the Song Dynasty said that the ancients used ink and made it themselves, but the names of craftsmen were not obvious. From the Tang and Five Seasons, Yishui was the surname, and Li was the surname of Zhangzhou, until the ink industry flourished. He Mi's Moji said that Hu Jingchun in Tanzhou used tung oil to burn cigarettes, named tung flower cigarettes. Every inkstone mill, whose light can be seen in the mirror, is a treasure in the painting. The finishing touch is picturesque. In the early Ming Dynasty, when the ancients used ink, they must choose fine products, which not only used today's beauty, but also spread the beauty of future generations. The book of Jin and Tang Dynasties, the painting of Song and Yuan Dynasties, has been handed down for hundreds of years, and the ink color is like paint, and the gas depends on it. If you are under the ink, if you see the water with strong water, the pollution will seep out. The paintings in the Tang and Song Dynasties used thick ink, which was particularly impressive.
Second, the light ink method.
Ink color is deep and shallow, and shallow depth is appropriate. The rainy night is hazy, the morning smoke is faint, and there is no handwriting in the painting, so it is called Mo Miao. Si is good at using ink, saying that light ink is six or seven times deeper. Although the paper is raw, the color of the ink is also wet. Visible light ink overlap, rendering dry Mo Miao ink, but also as a pen. Starting with light, you can change and save. Later generations misunderstood and the brushwork was ruined.
Third, the ink-breaking method.
When talking about stone painting in Song Dynasty, the emphasis was on bold and upright, solid ink, deep concave and shallow convex, which was the merit of breaking ink. Yuan Dynasty merchants? If you like mountains and rivers, you have to break the ink method. Broken ink painting began in the Six Dynasties and captured the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Poetry and songs, which are talked about from time to time, have abandoned the ancient method for nearly a hundred years, and the son who studies painting knows it very well. Choose light ink for painting, and use thick ink instead. There are also strong ink first, and light ink breaks it. For example, flowers and tendons, stone slopes and grass are still there today. Strong against weak, no way, lost for a long time.
Fourth, splash ink method.
Wang Qia in the Tang Dynasty, who splashed ink on paintings and was particularly addicted to alcohol, was so proud in the Jianghu. Every time you want to draw a picture, you should sink your feet, then untie the clothes tray and pour ink on it first. Because it is shaped like a rock or a forest spring, it naturally has no traces of ink pollution, and the cover can make a pen and ink cup town, which has its own meaning. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui got this impression. But the brushwork is wrong, that is, Cheng Yehu Zen School does not appreciate it. There are more people who study Dong Ju for two meters than those who study distant mountains and shallow islands. If you splash ink or glue, you will have no idea.
Five, ink stain method.
Landscape trees and stones have big mud spots, round pen spots, edge pen spots and pepper spots. The ancients used to dye ink, and the meticulous brushwork was light and gratifying. Otherwise, the dwarf was bloated into an ink pig, and the bad habits were disgusting. Among the four families in the Yuan Dynasty, only the Mei Daoists got the Mohism and wanted to pursue it. Obviously, Wen Zhiming and Cha Shibiao learned more from them in their later years, while I learned little.
Sixth, the scorched ink method.
Between thick ink and thirsty pens, the ancients called it dry autumn wind and moist spring rain. If it's boring, it's gaudy. Taoist priests are good at it. Scholars of later generations are all stiff and uninterested, or it is particularly absurd to use dry cleaning. The painter used Jiao Mo. Take its boundaries, not as long as ink.
Seven, the ink method.
In recent years, those who have studied painting must first wash their pens and inkstones and study new ink to get a clear picture. The ancients often drew pictures in addition to calligraphy, and they were full of enthusiasm. The so-called cherish ink as gold means not to waste ink. When painting Su Mo, he should first have the concept of tranquility and nobility in his mind, and then he will show it in a quiet and naive way. Seeing his paintings, the painter consciously expressed his impatience and roughness of ink, but monk Jianjiang was so interested in them that he couldn't decorate and work for them.