The four masters of regular script are the collective names of four calligraphers who are famous for regular script in the history of calligraphy. Regular script, also known as Four Books, has four styles: Ou Yangxun in the early Tang Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty and Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty.
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I. Ou Yangxun
Ou Yangxun was born in Linxiang, Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan). He was a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty and was once the Prince of Wales, so people called him "Ouyang Lvgeng". In the Sui Dynasty, Ou Yangxun's calligraphy enjoyed a high reputation. In the Tang Dynasty, Ou Yangxun, who was nearly ancient and rare, was still teaching the basics of calligraphy in Hongwenge.
Ou Yangxun studied Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style in his early years. It is said that he once bought the Map of Gui Zhi for Wang Xizhi's godson with a large sum of money, copied it day and night, and studied hard. On another occasion, when he went out with Yu Shinan and saw a stone tablet written by Suo Jing, a calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty, he sat on the floor. He carefully observed and described the tablet for three days, which shows that Ou Yangxun has a strong interest in calligraphy.
Later, he extensively studied the inscriptions of the Northern Dynasties, absorbed the strengths of some local calligraphers, and then integrated them into the official script, forming the "European style" (also known as "Gengti") of "vigorous and dangerous, strict statutes".
Second, Yan Zhenqing.
Yan Zhenqing (709-785) was born in Wannian, Tang Jingzhao (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi), and his ancestral home was Linyi, Tang Langya (now Linyi, Shandong). This word is clear. He is a representative figure of calligraphy innovation in the middle Tang Dynasty. His regular script is dignified and majestic. Running script is easy and colorful.
His calligraphy is not only influenced by the charm and charm of the previous calligraphy style, but also not bound by the ancient law. It breaks through the conventions of the early Tang Dynasty and is unique, which is called "Yan Ti".
Song Ouyang Xiu commented: "Thinking about life is loyal, so calligraphy and painting are strong and independent, and they don't attack the past. They are quite magical, a bit like people. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu listed his calligraphy as a sacred product in "Continued Book Break". " And commented: "Point is like a falling stone, painting is like Xia Yun, hook is like a bow, and ge is like a crossbow. There are images in both vertical and horizontal directions, and there is a low posture. Since Xi 'an, there is no such thing as a public figure.
Third, Liu Gongquan.
Liu Gongquan (778-865) was born in Jingzhao Garden (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan, Shaanxi). Official to the prince, the deceased called it "Liu." He began to learn from Wang Xizhi, the brushwork of Ou Yangxun and Yan Zhenqing, and then set up his own family.
The regular script written is beautiful and strong. Compared with Yan Ti, Liuzi is slightly thinner, so it is called "Yan Liu Jin Gu". Mu Zong asked Liu Gongquan how to use a pen, and Gong Quan replied: "With a pen in your heart, your heart is always there." Mu Gong was moved by it, like his pen remonstrance.
In the Song Dynasty, Zhu Zai said: "The public power official book has the best operation mode, but the grass can't." Its method is mainly based on beauty, but it is rich and famous. "
He learned Wang Xizhi's brushwork at first, and then read the modern calligraphy from the beginning. So he tried his best to change the right army method, learn Yan Zhenqing, and learn his own new ideas, so that his calligraphy avoided the trend of horizontal and vertical, and adopted a balanced and thin approach, steadily chasing Wei Bei, making his brushwork simple and beautiful, vigorous and firm, and many scholars in later generations took Liu Zi as a model.
Fourth, Zhao Mengfu.
Zhao Mengfu (1254- 1322) was born in Song Xue road. He was the most outstanding painter in Yuan Dynasty, and had a wide influence at that time and later generations. Descendants of Song Taizu's son, King Qin Fangde.
After the demise of the Song Dynasty, he returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. Later, he was recruited by Yuan Shizu, an official of the Five Dynasties, and he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. Rong Lu tried his best to win the Ming government, sealing Wei Guogong and Shi. Make good use of printing, printing, printing, printing, printing, printing, printing. He is the author of Song Xuezhai Collection.
He was a declining aristocrat during the Zhao and Song Dynasties, and later cooperated with the Yuan Dynasty. 1287 (twenty-four years of Yuan Dynasty) enrolled more than twenty people including Zhao Mengfu for the first time. Later, they recruited Jiangnan literati many times, and some got the position of Li Lu through Zhao Mengfu. Zhao Mengfu was loved by the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty. He was "honored in the Five Dynasties and famous all over the world" and became the leader of literati painting in the Yuan Dynasty as a bachelor of Hanlin.