1. Translation of ancient texts about Shang Yang’s rule in Qin
1. Translation:
Shang Yang escaped from Wei and entered Qin. Qin Xiaogong made him the prime minister and made him the prime minister. The land of Shang was entrusted to him, and he was known as Lord Shang. The Lord Shang governed the Qin State, and he would execute the laws as soon as they arrived, and he would do so fairly and selflessly. When punishing, do not avoid powerful people; when judging merits and rewards, do not favor your cronies.
The prince broke the law and tattooed his teacher's face and cut off his nose. After a year, no one picked up the things thrown by others on the road, and no one dared to take undivided property. Weapons and equipment have been greatly enhanced, and other countries are afraid of it. But he was mean to the people and showed little kindness. He just used tough methods to make people obey him.
2. Original text:
Gongsun Yang died in the Wei Dynasty and entered the Qin Dynasty. Duke Xiao became the prime minister, and he was granted the title of Lord of Shang. The Lord of Shang governed the Qin Dynasty, and his laws were enforced. He was fair and selfless, punished without restraining the powerful, and rewarded without being close to others. After the period, the Tao will not pick up the relics, the people will not take it rashly, the military revolution will be strong, and the princes will be afraid. However, he is deeply ungrateful, and he uses force to convince his ears.
Extended information:
1. Story background
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were a transitional period when the feudal system collapsed and centralization was established. , during this period, the use of iron farm tools and the gradual promotion of cattle farming led to the original state ownership of land being gradually replaced by private ownership of land, and the emergence of two opposing classes, landlords and farmers.
With the growth of economic strength, the emerging military-landlord class demanded corresponding political rights, thus causing changes in the social order. Therefore, they all demanded political reforms, the development of the feudal economy, and the establishment of landlord class rule. Various countries have launched reform movements one after another, such as Li Kui's reform in Wei State, Wu Qi's reform in Chu State, etc.
In the early Warring States period, the disintegration of the well-field system, the emergence of private ownership of land, and tax reform in the Qin State were all later than those of the other six countries, and its social and economic development lagged behind the six major countries of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Han. In order to enhance the strength of the Qin State, be in a favorable position in the struggle for hegemony among the vassal states and prevent it from being annexed by other countries, Qin Xiaogong introduced talents and implemented reforms to strengthen the state.
2. Source Appreciation:
The book "Warring States Policy" reflects the social style of the Warring States Period and the spiritual style of the scholars at that time. It is not only a historical work, but also a historical work. Very good historical prose. As a historical material reflecting the history of the Warring States Period, it relatively objectively records some major historical events at that time and is a vivid portrayal of the history of the Warring States Period.
It records in detail the remarks and deeds of the politicians at that time, showing the spiritual outlook and ideological talents of these people. It also records the life style of some volunteers.
The literary achievements of "Warring States Policy" are also very outstanding. In the history of Chinese literature, it marks a new period in the development of ancient Chinese prose. The literary quality is very prominent, especially in the depiction of characters.
The use of language and fables has very distinctive artistic features. Lu Longqi, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, said that "The Warring States Policy" is "the wonder of its articles is enough to entertain people's ears and eyes, and its cleverness is enough to deceive people's minds."
Sogou Encyclopedia - Shang Yang's Administration of Qin
Sogou Encyclopedia - Warring States Policy
Sogou Encyclopedia - Shang Yang's Reform 2. Translation of Shang Yang's Administration of Qin
Shang Yang ruled the Qin ①
Wei Yang ② died from the Wei and entered the Qin Dynasty. Xiaogong became the prime minister and granted him the title of Lord Shang. The Lord of Shang governed the Qin Dynasty, and his laws were enforced. He was fair and selfless, punished without restraining the powerful, and rewarded without being close to others. After the period ④, the Tao will not pick up the relics, the people will not take it rashly, the military revolution ⑤ will be strong, and the princes will be afraid. However, he is deeply ungrateful, and he is especially willing to force his ears.
Word annotation
① Selected from "Warring States Policy". ②Wei Yang: Shang Yang, surnamed Gongsun, was a native of the Wei State during the Warring States Period, so he was called Wei Yang. Because the Qin State had granted him the title of Shang (now Shang County, Shaanxi Province), historical books called him Shang Yang. ③Tattoo (q0ng)哓(y@): Ancient torture. Tattoo means to tattoo the sinner's face; tattoo means to cut off the nose. ④Issue (j9) year: anniversary. ⑤Bingge: The general term for weapons and armor. Leather, armor made of leather. ⑥Severe and ungrateful: Being mean and less kind.
Poetry translation
Wei Yang fled from Wei to Qin. Qin Xiaogong worshiped him as prime minister and enfeoffed Shang land to him, known as Shang Jun.
The Lord Shang governed the Qin State, and his laws were implemented most effectively and impartially. Those in power will be punished if they break the law; rewards will be given based on merit, and no favoritism will be given to those close to them. Even if the prince broke the law, even though it was difficult to punish him, he had to stab his teacher in the face and cut off his nose as a warning. After a year, no one picked up the things that others had left on the road, and no one dared to take illegal property. In this way, Qin's army became strong and the princes were afraid of it. However, Shang Yang was mean and not kind, and he only used force to persuade others. 3. Entering Classical Chinese Answers Entering Classical Chinese 14
I only have 6 units. Can you give me the points? Gao Huaizhong, the eel rescuer, sold eel noodles at Xiaodongmen in Yangzhou. He killed dozens of eels every day. One of his maids felt pity for him and secretly fished two or three eels out of the water tank every night and passed them through the back window. Throw it into the river. This happened for about a year. One day, a fire broke out in the store. The maid escaped in a hurry and was burned by the fire. She lay tiredly by the river and fell asleep in the middle of the night. After waking up, She found that not only the pain was relieved, but also the burnt area was much better. The sludge from the river accumulated in the wound, and there were traces of eels walking on the ground. Only then did she realize that it was the eels that had been released before that came to save her. Gao Huaizhong was moved by the maid's behavior, so he stopped working, dismantled the furnace, and put all the stones of live eels in stock into the river. Er Que saved his friend. There was an old tree in someone's garden, with magpies building it. In the nest, the chicks hatched by the mother magpie are about to become young birds. One day, a magpie flew around the nest and kept making sad howls. After a while, groups of magpies gradually heard the sound and came over. They gathered on the tree, and the two magpies were still calling each other on the tree, as if they were having a conversation, and then flew away again after a while. After a while, a stork flew from the sky, making a "clucking" sound, and the two magpies Following it, the magpies started making noises when they saw it, as if they had something to say. The stork called out "cluck" again, as if it was agreeing to the magpie's request. The stork circled the old tree three times and suddenly approached the magpie. The nest rushed down, took out a red snake and swallowed it. The magpies cheered, as if celebrating, and thanked the stork. It turned out that the two magpies were looking for the stork to save their friend! To repay the favor, Duke Mu of Qin went out to the palace and lost his horse. He went out to look for it himself. He saw that someone had killed his horse and were eating its meat together. Duke Mu of Qin said to them, "This is my horse." Everyone stood up in fear. Duke Mu of Qin said, "I heard that anyone who eats the flesh of a horse but doesn't drink it will be killed." So he gave them wine. Those who killed the horse all left in shame. In the third year, Jin attacked Duke Mu of Qin and besieged Duke Mu of Qin. Those who used to kill horses and eat their meat said to each other, "It's time for us to repay Duke Mu's kindness with our lives for giving us horse meat, good wine and wine to drink." So. After breaking up the siege, Duke Mu finally survived, defeated Jin, and captured Duke Hui of Jin. The bat Phoenix celebrated its birthday, and all the birds came to congratulate it, but the bat did not show up. The Phoenix summoned it and scolded it: "You How dare you be so arrogant under my jurisdiction?" Bat said, "I have animal feet and am a citizen of the beasts. Why should I congratulate you?" A few days later, Qilin celebrated his birthday and all the beasts came to pay their respects. The bat still did not show up. Qilin summoned it and scolded it: "You are under my jurisdiction, how dare you be so presumptuous!" The bat said: "I have wings and am a bird. Why should I congratulate you?" One day , Phoenix and Qilin met, and when they talked about the bat, they realized that it was lying on both sides. Phoenix and Qilin shook their heads and sighed, sighing with emotion: "The current atmosphere is too bad. It has happened to give birth to such guys who are neither animals nor animals. There is really no way to get rid of them!" Once upon a time, there was a man who stored grain in an urn. A camel stole the grain and stuck its head into the urn. As a result, its head was stuck in it and could not get out. Because the camel's head was stuck in the urn. The camel's head couldn't come out, so the man was worried about it. An old man came to see him and said, "Don't worry, I will teach you a way to make the camel's head come out. You cut off the camel's head, and it will naturally come out." You can come out." After hearing this, the man immediately adopted the old man's advice and cut off the camel's head with a knife. He had already killed the camel, and then he had to break the urn to take out the grain. People who acted like this were regarded by future generations. Ridiculous... 4. Asking Shang Yang to rule Qin. Full translation
Wei Yang fled from Wei to Qin. Qin Xiaogong appointed him as prime minister and enfeoffed Shang land to him, known as "Shang Jun". The Lord Shang governed the Qin State with strict enforcement of laws, fairness and selflessness. Punishment does not avoid powerful nobles; rewards do not favor close associates with special relationships. The law is implemented as far as the prince is concerned, and he is punished according to law.
The master and the master broke the law and were punished with tattoos and tattoos. After a week, no one picked up the lost things on the road, and the people did not randomly take undivided property. The national power was greatly strengthened, and the princes were all afraid. However, the punishment is harsh and lacks kindness. It is just a way of subduing people with force.
Eighteen years after Duke Xiao implemented Shangjun's new law, he became seriously ill and bedridden. He planned to pass the throne to Shangjun, but Shangjun refused.
After Xiaogong died, King Hui succeeded to the throne. Soon after he took power, Lord Shang asked to retire and return to his hometown. Someone lobbied King Hui and said: "The ministers who have too much power will endanger the country, and the close ministers who are close to the left and right will endanger themselves. Now even the women and children in the country say that the law is the law of the Lord Shang, not the law of the king. In this way, the king rebels As a master, the king has become a minister. Besides, Lord Shang is the king's enemy. I hope the king can find a way to deal with him."
Lord Shang was afraid of being punished and wanted to return to Wei. The people of Qin did not allow him to leave the country, saying: "Shang Jun's laws are very strict." Therefore, he could not leave the country. He had no choice but to return. King Hui immediately executed Shang Yang with the death penalty of breaking a chariot, but the people of Qin showed no sympathy. 5. Classical Chinese translation: I heard that the officials were discussing expelling the guests, and I thought it was too much
Reference translation I heard that the officials were discussing expelling the guests. I privately think that this is wrong.
In the past, when Duke Mu of Qin asked for scholars, he got Yuyu from Rong in the west, Bailixi from Wandi in the east, Uncle Jian from Song Dynasty, and Pibao and Gongsunzhi from Jin Dynasty. These five people did not grow up in Qin, but Duke Mu used them and annexed twenty small countries, making Qin dominate Xirong.
Duke Xiao implemented Shang Yang’s reform strategy and changed Qin’s backward customs. As a result, the people were prosperous, the country was prosperous, the people were willing to serve the country, and the princes and countries surrendered and obeyed orders; he also defeated Chu and Wei. The army captured thousands of miles of land and still controls it firmly to this day. King Qin Hui adopted Zhang Yi's strategy of connecting and conquering the area around Luoyang; he annexed Ba and Shu to the west, Shangjun to the north, Hanzhong to the south, annexed the land of Jiuyi, and controlled Yan, the Chu region. , Ying; went east to occupy the dangerous Hulao and occupied fertile land.
As a result, the alliance of the six kingdoms was disintegrated and they all went west to serve Qin. The effect continues to this day. King Zhao obtained Ju Fan, abolished Ranghou, and expelled King Huayang, strengthened and consolidated the power of the royal family, blocked the situation of the monopoly of politics by the powerful, gradually embezzled the princes, and enabled Qin to become an emperor.
These four kings all achieved success by appointing guest officials. From this point of view, what can the guests do to Qin? If these four monarchs refuse to visit guests, close their doors to foreign guests, and alienate foreign lands without using them, Qin will not be rich and strong, and Qin will not have a strong reputation.
I heard that if the territory is large, the food will be abundant; if the country is large, the people will be numerous; if the weapons are sharp, the soldiers will be brave. Therefore, only if Mount Tai does not reject the soil can it become a majestic mountain; only if rivers and seas do not abandon streams can it become deep water; only if a person who is king does not abandon the people can he show his virtue.
Therefore, regardless of whether the land is east or west, and the people regardless of nationality, there will be wealth and abundance all year round, and ghosts and gods will also come to bring blessings. This is exactly why the Five Emperors and Three Kings are invincible! Now your Majesty abandons the people to help the enemy, refuses guests to strengthen the princes, and causes the people of the world to withdraw from Qin and not dare to go west, and are afraid to enter Qin. This is exactly what people say: giving food to robbers and giving away weapons Lend it to the enemy! Many things were not produced in Qin, but many can be regarded as treasures; many scholars were not born in Qin, but many were willing to be loyal to Qin.
Now expelling guests and helping the enemy, reducing the population of one's own country and increasing the strength of the enemy, will make oneself weak internally, and create enmity with the princes of other countries externally. If you do this in order to prevent the country from being in danger, this is It can't be done.