On Su Shi's Literary Achievements
Su Shi is a literary master who experienced the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. He inherited the tide of poetic innovation in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, took Ouyang Xiu as his literary ally, pushed various literary and artistic styles such as poetry, prose and ci to the peak of the Northern Song Dynasty, and produced a large number of talents such as "Four Bachelor of Sumen" (Huang Tingjian, Chao and Qin Guan, plus Li Zhi, also known as "Six Gentlemen of Sumen"). This paper introduces Su Shi's life, thoughts, creative path, Su Wen, Su Shi and Su Ci in detail, and evaluates Su Shi's unique position and influence in the literary history of Song Dynasty.
Key words: Su Shi, Su Shi's prose, Ci Fu, Si Liu Su Shi's Su Ci.
Su Shi devoted his life to literary and artistic creation. He attaches importance to the social function of literature, opposes "Zhong Hua despises reality" and emphasizes that the author should have a complete life experience. In his opinion, the style of writing should be "like flowing water, with no definite quality at the beginning", "natural in arts and sciences, full in posture" (Teacher Xie's Book), bold in innovation and originality, and "innovative in statutes, bold and unconstrained, leaving wonderful ideas outside" (After Wu Daozi's Painting). Su Shi attaches great importance to the discussion of literary and artistic creation skills. He explained "expressing words" by "seeking the beauty of things is like catching shadows from the wind", and then "knowing things in the mouth and hands" (Thank the teacher's book), which touched the special law of literary and artistic creation. Su Shi's creative practice embodies his literary view. He is a versatile master with unique achievements in poetry, ci and prose.
First, Su Shi's ancient prose and ci fu, Si Liu
(1) Su Shi's cultural view and Taoist thought and the artistic style of Su Shi's prose.
Su Shi's literary thought pays equal attention to literature and Taoism. He spoke highly of Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu's contributions to ancient Chinese prose, and thought that Han Yu's Eight Dynasties' Literary Decline, Daoji Lost in the World (Chaozhou Hanwen Gongci Monument), Ouyang Xiu's Avenue Like Han Yu and Memories Like Sima Qian (Stories of June 1) all paid equal attention to both literature and Taoism. However, Su Shi's views on literature and Taoism were very unique in the Northern Song Dynasty. First of all, Su Shi believes that the art of the article has independent value, such as "fine gold and beautiful jade, which is valuable in the market". Article is not only a tool to carry Tao, but also an advanced form of human spiritual activities. (things are rational, and people who suffer from loss don't know it. People who know can't reach it with their mouths and hands. Secondly, the "Tao" in Su Shi's mind is not limited to Confucianism, but refers to the law of things in general. For example, people who live in the sun and water "have the way of water" ("Japanese metaphor"); This is the same as "knowing cows by cleverness" in "Zhuangzi Health Master"). Therefore, Su Shi advocates that articles should be as natural as the objective world, with a natural attitude. He advocated the diversity and vividness of artistic style, and opposed the unification of literary style, believing that it would make the literary world as barren as "yellow hair and white reed".
Su Wen's style changes freely with different objects, and is as natural and smooth as running water. Han Yu's ancient prose relies on eloquence, layout and momentum to achieve the same goal, while Su Wen relies on a contented and thoughtful way. Su Wen is full of energy, but his language is simple and natural, which is one of the characteristics that Wen Song is different from Tang Wen. Su Shi's works have a wide influence. He is keen on awarding prizes and training many talents. His works were widely circulated in the Song Dynasty and played an important role in the development of literature in the Song Dynasty. Su Shi was highly praised by Jin Dynasty poets, Ming Dynasty writers and Song Dynasty poets. Su Wen has been engaged in academic research for a long time, and his prose is the first in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
About history and politics—
Su Shi is good at writing argumentative essays. The papers on history and politics, including recitation, strategy and historical criticism, are mostly works closely related to Su Shi's political life. In his early years, he had a strong habit of being a strategist, and sometimes he pretended to be amazing and unreasonable. For example, On Jia Yi accused Jia Yi of not knowing how to make friends with ministers in order to win the trust of the court. There are many excellent chapters that are targeted and insightful, but some chapters are too long and disciplined. Such as Jin Ce, Si Zhilun and Hou Lun. His views are novel, not rigid, eloquent and flexible, which embodies the influence of essays such as Mencius and Warring States Policy. For example, "On Hou" said that the old man was a hermit in the Qin Dynasty, and humiliating Sean was to cultivate his tenacity; On Wang Ping criticizes Zhou Pingwang's mistake of moving the capital to avoid bandits, and its viewpoint is novel, profound and enlightening. These historical theories are good at randomness, amazing in writing, showing a high degree of argumentation skills, and became the model essays for scholars at that time, so they spread widely.
2 articles
Although the historical and political theories show Su Shi's extraordinary talent, essays, letters, prefaces and postscripts can better reflect Su Shi's literary achievements. The letters written, such as On Mei Zhi Shu and A Book with Li Gongze, are mostly written in essays, which are not fake, and people have a deep understanding. Essays, miscellaneous feelings, trivial notes and writing notes are concise, eloquent and quite tolerant. For example, "Night Tour in Chengtian Temple" and "Night Tour in Songfeng Pavilion" are handy, artistic and temperament. This writing is really a school of essays in the late Ming Dynasty. Another Qiu Chi Notes was also compiled by later generations. They strengthen logical persuasion with artistic appeal, so they are better than historical theory and orthodox theory. For example, two metaphors in Japanese Yu:
He who is born afraid doesn't know the sun, but he who asks with his eyes knows it. Or tell him, "The sun is like a copper coin." Pull the plate and listen to its sound. He smells the clock every day, thinking it is also a day. Or make it: "sunlight is like a candle." Get its shape by touching the candle. One day, I think it will be tomorrow. The day is far away from the clock, but the people who are afraid don't know the difference, because the people who ask for it have never seen it.
There are many people in the south, and the sun and water live together. At the age of seven, they can swim, at the age of ten, they can float, and at the age of fifteen, they can float. If you don't have a husband, you will be sad, and someone will get the way of water. Live with water, and you will get the Tao at fifteen. If you don't know water, you will be afraid of boats if you are strong. So the brave in the north don't ask anyone, just ask themselves. In their words, there is no river that does not drown. Therefore, anyone who seeks the Tao without learning must learn from the North.
This paper demonstrates that the understanding of things can not rely on one-sided knowledge, but only through practice can we grasp the laws and principles of things, and the reasoning is very thorough. But its reasoning is demonstrated by vivid examples or images, so it not only leaves a deep impression on readers, but also is vivid and vivid, which not only enables people to gain an intellectual understanding, but also brings aesthetic pleasure.
3 Narrative Notes of Wandering Articles
Su Shi's narrative notes wandering prose, narrative, lyricism and discussion are well combined.
Narrative prose has the highest artistic value in Su Wen, and there are many famous masterpieces. Write down the inscriptions of characters, such as "Chaozhou Hanwen Gongci Monument", and write down the essays of pavilions, such as "Xi Yu Ting Ji". His landscape travel notes, such as The Red Wall before and after Fu, are good at capturing the characteristics of scenery and expressing reason, so as to achieve the harmonious unity of poetry and reason. Su Shi's narrative prose often combines discussion, description and lyricism, and is unconventional and innovative in style. Stylistically, Wang Yang is proud of his physical form; It can better reflect the influence of Zhuangzi and Zen writing.
"Shi Zhongshan Ji" is a travelogue which focuses on discussion. It takes Shi Zhongshan's name as the center, corrects predecessors' statements according to what it has seen and heard on the spot, and leads to the philosophy that there is nothing that you can't "guess whether it exists", with clear thinking and thorough argumentation. What is particularly valuable is that this article is gradually developed in the beautiful artistic conception of scene blending, such as writing a moonlit boating to see the mountains:
At dusk in jathyapple, Michael and I came to the cliff by boat alone. The stone stood on one side, like a wild animal and a strange ghost. They wanted to fight with people. The stork perched on the mountain, and the voice started, another night. If the old man coughs and laughs in the valley, or says, this stork is also. Yu Fang anxious to return, but he made a loud sound on the water, which was like a bell and drum, and the boatman was afraid.
A few strokes outline a beautiful and gloomy realm, which seems to be immersive when read, and the author's feelings of exploring the mysterious, being pragmatic and seeking truth are fully displayed. The description of scene blending directly cooperates with discussion, which is a model of perfect combination of narrative, lyric and reasoning.
Because Su Shi takes "words and deeds" as the criterion, he will do whatever he does and stop when he should. There are few complicated sentences, which are most prominent in his notes and essays. For example, Night Tour in Chengtian Temple has only more than 80 words, but its artistic conception is detached and its charm is meaningful. It is a wonderful work in the Song Dynasty.
On 20061October 12, Yuanfeng undressed at night, entered the house in the moonlight and set off happily. People who have nothing to do go to Chengtian Temple to find Zhang Huaimin. People didn't sleep, so we walked in the yard together. The courtyard is as empty as water, and the water is full of algae, bamboo and cypress. What night is there no moonlight? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? It's just the lack of free people like us.
(2) Su Shi's Ci and Fu and Si Liu.
Su Shi and Si Liu also made great achievements in their ci and fu. His Ci and Fu inherited Ouyang Xiu's tradition, but it was more integrated with ancient prose and absorbed the lyrical meaning of poetry, which made Zhao You better than Lan, and created famous works such as Fu on the Red Wall and Fu on the Back Red Wall. Red Cliff Fu follows the traditional question-and-answer mode of subject and object, restrains the object, extends the subject, expresses its own philosophy of life, and also describes the beautiful scenery of the Yangtze River on a moonlit night. It is a beautiful prose poem, which is full of prose and scenes. For example, a scene:
The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise a glass to propose a toast to one's companions, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vast and boundless, I don't know how to stop at the virtual wind, floating independently, I am a fairy.
Beautiful and clear scenery and relaxed and happy mood constitute an open and clear artistic realm, and that vague and illusory feeling directly paves the way for later writing beyond the philosophy of life, which embodies the author's superb expression ability and language skills.
Su Shi's flowing style is even reflected in forty-six. When he was in imperial academy, the imperial edict was noble and gorgeous, which was rare for Taige figures. After he was demoted, his expression was even more real and touching, and it was a rare emotional work in CET-4 and CET-6. Such as "Thank you for moving to Ruzhou Table":
Only self-pity, send life on the rivers and lakes; In shock, sleepwalking Haggard and inhuman, puffed up lost his ambition. My wife snickered, but my relatives and friends broke up. After years of illness, everyone was declared dead; Hunger, cold and exposure to the hot sun made me tired of the rest of my life.
Su Shi's prose is as famous as Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty, but from the literary point of view, Su Wen is undoubtedly the most accomplished one in Song Wenzhong.
Second, Su Shi's poems
There are more than 2,700 poems by Su Shi, with a wide range of subjects and rich contents. Sympathy for the people and concern for production are the prominent contents of Su Shi's poems. But more places criticized the shortcomings of the new law. Some poems concerned with production, such as "Two Rhymes and Chapters Pass Happy Rain", "Answer to Reclaim the Land in Lu", "Carboniferous Period", "Sheep and Horse Song" and "You Polo Temple", show people's sufferings, criticize the shortcomings of the times, express sincere feelings, are unpretentious, and open up many social themes rarely involved by predecessors, with extensive materials and far-reaching significance. Su Shi's landscape poems and rational poems have the highest artistic value and are the most popular. Poems such as Visiting Jinshan Temple, Night View of Wanghailou, Drunk Book of Wanghulou, and Drinking Rain from the Lake after the Qing Dynasty depict the night of the Yangtze River, the sunny rain in the south of the Yangtze River and the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. Poems such as Climbing to the Guangli Pavilion on the Peak of Changshan Mountain, Hundred Steps of Flood and Climbing to Haicheng Zhangzhou vividly depict the local scenery and places of interest in Jiangbei. Su Shi is not only good at observing and capturing the different characteristics of local scenery, but also describes the freshness and simplicity of rural environment with joy and love. The pastoral poems written in Lingnan reflect the harmonious relationship between the author and Huizhou people and Li people. Su Shi is good at understanding new ideas and wonderful ideas from daily life and ordinary natural scenery, and writing thought-provoking and interesting poems. For example, some articles, such as Xilin Wall Title, Qin Poetry, and Sinha Pagoda in Sizhou, are all lyrical on the spot, with a definite meaning and endless aftertaste. Some poems are often full of bright and optimistic interest, which embodies the spirit of defying adversity and despising hardships. Su Shi's poems are bold and agile, full of ease, full of talent and thoughts, touching the scene and full of spring, unique in art and becoming a grand view of a generation. Su Shi is observant and concise in poetry. No matter how he describes the scenery, state of things and human feelings, he can write it vividly and quite lyrical. Su Shi's poems are imaginative, interesting, novel, appropriate and fascinating. Su Shi's poems are sometimes straightforward and full of momentum. Su Shi can master everything in ancient and modern styles freely, but he is good at ancient styles and seven words. His seven ancient paintings are magnificent and unpredictable, which can best reflect his unconstrained talent, wonderful pen galloping and fantastic agility. The five ancient books are unpretentious, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, and naturally wonderful. Su Shi's Seven Rhymes are also excellent, with natural charm and beautiful and round style, which is slightly similar to Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi's poetic style, but more surprising. Su Shi didn't put much effort into the five-character poem method. There were never many five-character poems, but the seven-character poems were beautiful and vivid, and the famous works were widely read.
(A), Su Shi's theme orientation
1, extroversion: actively involved in social reality-"full of inappropriateness"-criticizing reality
By describing the sufferings of people's livelihood (natural disasters and man-made disasters), we can express our criticism of reality.
The plague of locust drought: "Except for the heavy snow at night, I stayed in Weizhou in the morning and it was sunny, so it snowed halfway": "After three years of drought in the east, I fled to the building. The old farmer sighed, and tears entered the intestines. "
Flood: "Send Huang's Zhejiang Fairy": "Wuyue people, alas, have been swallowed by rivers and lakes for a long time. The official is not satisfied with Li Yuan. "
The curse of hard labor: "Wuzhong Talent Talk": "Officials want money instead of rice now, and northwest Wan Li recruits Qiang children. The palace is more bitter in the imperial court, so it is better to be a Hebo woman. "
Criticize reality by reflecting on history. Such as "litchi sigh":
2. Introversion: Deep thinking about life-philosophical thinking-depressed and detached-optimistic and broad-minded spirit ("My heart is like a gray tree, and my body is like a boat. I asked about your occupation, Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou. " )
Philosophical thinking.
"Title Xilin Wall": Looking horizontally, the ridge side peaks, and the distance is different. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I was born in this mountain.
3. Depression and transcendence.
Deep thinking about life makes Su Shi take a calm and broad-minded attitude towards ups and downs.
Although there are always people who convey distress in adversity in Su Shi's poems, in most cases, they show arrogance and transcendence over suffering.
People who write about depression, such as Two Poems on Cold Food and Rain, write about the life dilemma of "cooking cold dishes with empty hands and burning reeds with broken stoves" and the mentality of "your door is deep and heavy, and your grave is in Wan Li" with great pain.
4. Those who are optimistic and outstanding. For example, when I first arrived in Huangzhou, there was a saying that "the Yangtze River goes around the country to know the beauty of fish, and the bamboo trees connect the mountains to feel the fragrance of bamboo shoots". Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou are all places where Dongpo was exiled. Su Shi can be freed from the pain of relegation and exile, and his optimistic and broad-minded spirit can be seen. The core of this optimism and open-mindedness is a firm belief in life and a fighting spirit that does not yield to bad luck. Therefore, Su Shi's poems in adversity are still vigorous and magnificent, and there is no disease of fatigue and depression, such as "crossing the sea on the evening of June 20": the bitter rain will eventually clear up. Who decorated the clouds and the moon? Natural beauty and clarification of ocean colors. In his spare time, Chaucer took advantage of music to get a general understanding of Xuanyuan's music. I don't hate the narrow escape in the south, so I will travel wonderfully all my life!
This was written by Su Shi when he came back from Danzhou to forgive the North. His poems reveal his pride in overcoming darkness and his broad mind full of momentum.
(2) The artistic style of Su Shi's poems.
Su Shi has profound knowledge, mastered the artistic skills of poetry to the point of perfection, and has an amazing spirit of innovation in treating artistic norms.
(1) Renovating amazing artistic skills
Su Shi's metaphors are vivid and novel.
South Garden, Spring Rain Over Luowan
"Hundred Steps Flood" uses seven metaphors to describe flowing water: "It's like a rabbit stepping down an eagle and a fine horse betting on a steep slope. The broken string is released from the column, and the flying electric ball is overturned. " Similes are connected with life.
Su Shi's poems are safe, accurate and natural.
Writing a poem to comfort Li Zhiyun: "I talked about the ancient battlefield all my life, but I lost my eyes and lost my color in the sun", which is a subtle example of using allusions.
Su Shi's antithesis is exquisite and lively, and his intention is to break the routine.
"I entered Jiangxi at the beginning of August 7 and crossed the beach of fear." "Yi Shan likes to dream long and dreams long, and place names are afraid of crying."
Seemingly plain but actually amazing, seemingly loose but actually concise, the specific skills are almost invisible in the poem, because its artistic pursuit is focused on the whole.
(2) unparalleled performance ability.
Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" says: Su Shi "was born with a healthy pen, as cool as a sad pear, as fast as a scissors, and has hidden feelings, so he is a great family after Li and Du."
Taking pictures in the stream and fetching water to make tea are all very vivid and interesting in Dongpo's works.
"Pan Ying" suddenly gave birth to scales, and I had to mess up my eyebrows. Scattered into hundreds of Dongpo, instantly here. "
"Continued as the Tao" eulogizes Zhou Fang's beautiful painting "My wife doesn't stretch out on my back", and infers from imagination that the beauty of people in the painting "if you teach to look back and smile". Easy easy easy easy.
(3) "Qing Xiong" style combines rigidity and softness.
Su Shi asked many teachers for advice, and once imitated the poetic style of Tao, Li, Du Fu, Han, Meng and even poet friend Huang Tingjian, all of which were vivid. Reflect the diversified aesthetic taste.
Su Shi pays special attention to the integration of two opposing styles, and pays great attention to the mutual infiltration and adjustment of masculine beauty and feminine beauty in his creation. There is no doubt that the dominant style of Su Shi's poems is bold and unconstrained, and some works even have the shortcomings of being bold and unrestrained. However, many excellent works in Su Shi's poems have achieved both rigidity and softness, showing a "beautiful and heroic" style.
Third, Su Shi's Ci
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi broke through the barrier that ci must be fragrant and soft, and created a number of new ci chapters, which opened the way for the rapid development of ci style. Judging from the existing 3450 Dongpo ci poems, Su Shi's innovation in ci style is various. Su Shi expanded the function of Ci to reflect social life. He not only wrote traditional themes such as love, parting and wandering, but also expressed his ambition to serve the country, rural life and exile life with words, which expanded the realm of words. He portrayed heroes with a healthy pen and expressed his great ambition to contribute to the country, such as (Jiang)' s "The Old Man Chats about Juvenile Madness" and so on. Su Shi devoted himself more to expressing his personality in his ci. (Man Jianghong) "Jianghan Came to the West" is a nostalgia for the past, using Mi Heng's experience to cover up resentful feelings; (Set the storm) "Don't listen to the sound of leaves in the forest" embodies a leisurely attitude towards life that is not afraid of ups and downs. He writes poems with heroic momentum and vigorous brushwork, and his style is mostly vigorous, frustrated and passionate. Such as (Klang Ganzhou), "Love comes from Wan Li", and the brushwork is like a snowy mountain. As far as the development of a style itself is concerned, the historical contribution of Su Ci has surpassed that of Su Wen and Su Shi. After Liu Yong, Su Shi carried out a comprehensive reform of Ci, which finally broke through the traditional pattern of Ci as a colorful subject, improved the literary status of Ci, made Ci a lyric style comparable to poetry, and fundamentally changed the development direction of Ci history. Until the Qing Dynasty, Su Ci was still dominated by poets such as Chen Weisong.
(1) The concept of poetry as a whole.
Su Shi broke the concept that poetry is superior to ci in theory.
The word "is the seed of poetry" ("Elegy")
The word "Nature is a family" (Qingxin Zijun)
(2) The development of Ci.
Expanding the expressive function of ci and opening up the realm of poetry is the main direction of Su Shi's ci style reform. He expanded the traditional words expressing femininity into words expressing masculinity and lofty sentiments, and changed the traditional words expressing only love into words expressing temperament, so that the words fully expressed the author's temperament embrace and personality like poems.
"Qinyuanchun, Mizhou, leave early and send the children immediately":
The lights in the lonely hall are green, the number of chickens in the wild shop is small, and the dream of traveling pillow is broken. Gradually, the moonlight is closed, the morning frost is bitter, Yunshan is full of brocade, and the morning dew is full. The world is infinite, and labor and life are limited, which seems to be the happiness of this area. Whispering, I am speechless with Saddle, and the past is a thousand times. At that time, * * * was a guest in Chang 'an, like a teenager who had just arrived in Erlu. It's hard for you to write a thousand words and have thousands of books in your heart. Give up your life for others and hide in me. Why not sit by and watch? He was healthy, but he died when he was 10. He fought for the former.
It not only shows his ideal of Yao Shun's life and his heroic and confident spirit in his youth, but also reveals his complicated life feelings after his middle-aged career was frustrated.
Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting
I've been talking about juvenile madness, pulling yellow on the left, holding pale on the right, wearing a gold hat and mink fur, riding a thousand troops to roll flat hills. In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan. The wine is full and the box is still open. What's wrong with the slight frost on the temple? Hold a festival in the clouds, when to send the phoenix hall. Will bow their heads like a full moon. Look northwest and shoot Sirius.
It shows his great ambition of galloping on the battlefield and making great efforts to govern.
Su Like's poems and Su Shi's poems often express his thoughts on life.
Nian Nujiao Nostalgia for the Red Cliff: A river never returns, wandering around the world. To the west of the old base, humanity is the Red Cliff in Zhou Lang. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once. Before Xiao Qiao got married for the first time, he was full of heroic spirit, feather fan and black silk scarf, and a joke was gone. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, sprinkle a glass of wine to pay tribute to the bright moon on the river.
Although Su Shi deeply felt that life was like a dream, he did not deny it, but tried to get rid of himself and always maintained an optimistic belief and a detached and adaptive attitude towards life.
"Ding Fengbo Hu Sha Lu Yu rain, rain gear first, peers are chaotic. I didn't feel it. It's already sunny, so just pretend to be like this;
Don't pay attention to the beating rain in the forest. Mei sings a long whistle and walks leisurely. Straw sandals are lighter than horses, who is afraid that a misty rain will last a lifetime. The cold spring breeze woke me up. Slightly cold. The hillside is sloping, but it is pleasant. Looking back on the bleak land. Go home. No rain or shine.
Su Shi not only extended to the inner world, but also extended to the outer world. In his ci, Su Shi not only described the scenes of the author's daily life, such as communication, leisure reading, farming and hunting, but also further showed the magnificent scenery of nature.
Su Ci's description of natural landscapes, or winning by flowing water, such as "Jianghan comes from the west, the tower is high, and the grapes are dark blue." Or bring your own, snow waves, Jinjiang spring scenery. This river is red, or it is famous for its freshness and beauty, such as "It's raining in Shan Yu, and the bridge is clear. "In the small garden, there is a pillow, the moonlight outside the door is like water, and the colorful boat is horizontal." (Travelers crossing Huzhou) Others combine the observation of natural landscape with the reflection on historical life, injecting a strong sense of history and life into the magnificent natural beauty, such as Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia.
Su Shi used his own creative practice to show that he wrote everything and had no intention of entering words. Ci, like poetry, has the function of fully expressing social life and real life. Su Shi expanded the expressive function of ci, enriched the emotional connotation of ci, and expanded the temporal and spatial scenes of ci, thus improving the artistic taste of ci and making ci a lyric body with the same status as poetry.
(C), poetry as a word
The so-called poetry as a word is to transplant the expression of poetry into words. This is Su Shi's main weapon to change his ci style. Starting from Su Shi, Yuan You poets began to write poems in poetic style. Specific performance:
1, the extensive use of the preface
2, the use of allusions
Fourthly, Su Shi's position and influence in the history of literature.
To sum up, Su Shi has made great achievements in literature and poetry, and can be called the representative of the highest achievements in Song Dynasty literature.
Judging from the scope of literary history, Su Shi's significance mainly has two points. First, Su Shi's attitude towards life has become a paradigm admired by later scholars: advancing and retreating freely, not being shocked by humiliation. Secondly, Su Shi's aesthetic attitude provides an enlightening aesthetic paradigm for later generations. He embraces the world with a broad aesthetic vision, so everything is considerable and beauty is everywhere. This paradigm has opened up a new world for future generations in subject matter, content and expression. Therefore, it is a historical necessity that Su Shi is universally loved by later generations.
Su Shi enjoyed a great reputation in the literary world at that time and was a literary leader after Ouyang Xiu.
Su Men, Qin, Huang, Chen and Zhang are four bachelors.
Su Men, Qin, Huang, Chen, Zhang, Chao, and Li Liujun.
Scholars under the influence of Su Shi. Li, Li Chi Ngai, Tang Geng, Zhang Shunmin, Kong, Zhu He.
In a word, Su Shi is an all-rounder in literature and art, and has made outstanding achievements in poetry, writing, ci, calligraphy and painting. His prose is called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, his poetry is called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian, and his ci is called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji, which had a far-reaching influence on that time and later generations.
References:
[1] Tang Guizhang: Complete Poems of Song Dynasty, Zhonghua Book Company, 1999, 1 Edition.
[2] Cheng Wu: Literature History of Song Dynasty, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 199 1 February.
[3] Wang Zhaopeng: "On Tang and Song Ci", People's Literature Publishing House, 2000, 1 edition.
[4] Wang Shuizhao: Selected Works of Su Shi, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,1986Edition.