1. Su Shi
Su Shi (1036-1101), named Zizhan, also known as Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Sichuan).
Su Shi was a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty of my country. He was an outstanding writer with many talents and achievements in literature and art.
He was born in a well-educated family. His father, Su Xun, was a famous essayist. He was good at strategy and theory, and his writing style was unbridled and unbridled, which had a clear influence on Su Shi. On the one hand, Su Shi's outstanding achievements in prose, poetry, painting and so on relied on his own diligence, and on the other hand, Su Xun had a profound influence on him.
Su Shi was listed as one of the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasty due to his prose achievements, and was further listed as one of the "Four Great Masters of Han, Liu, Ou, and Su"; his poems were respected as "the model of Song poetry"; his lyrics , known as "legislating for Ci," is recognized as the representative and founder of the bold school; in painting, he, Mi Pei and Li Longmian, are also known as the four masters of the Song Dynasty. He is good at painting ink and bamboo. In fact, his calligraphy also has a unique Achievements.
Su Shi experienced ups and downs in his life. He became a Jinshi at the age of twenty. After that, he had a troubled official career and went through a tortuous and dangerous life path. Su Shi was really a poet who went through all the hardships and completed himself.
The era when Su Shi lived coincided with the struggle between Wang Anshi's new reform party and Sima Guang's old party. Because he insisted on justice, he was caught between the two forces and suffered repeated relegations and hardships. The footprints have been in 20 places: Sichuan - Kaifeng - Fengxiang - Beijing - Hangzhou - Mizhou - Xuzhou - Huzhou - Huangzhou - Changzhou - Dengzhou - Beijing - Hangzhou - Yingzhou—Xuanzhou—Huizhou—Danzhou, etc.
Although Su Shi walked through an extremely tortuous and arduous life path, he never became depressed and despaired. Instead, he completed himself through all the hardships and achieved a true transcendence. Any setbacks and misfortunes will not affect him. You cannot break him mentally or defeat him.
In the rough situation, Su Shi was Su Shi. He got rid of the mental depression and depression and finally achieved something in his career. Wherever he went, he actively did practical things for the people. There is "political voice" left. In Fengxiang, he was called "Su Xianneng"; in Hangzhou, he dredged the West Lake and built Su Dike; in Hainan, he also built hospitals, schools, etc. In terms of cultural creation, his best poems were all written in derogatory terms; in terms of life, he was able to keep in close contact with the masses wherever he went, and was deeply loved by the local people. Su Shi had a great influence on the people. Dongpo towels, Dongpo hats, Dongpo fans, Dongpo wine, etc. were either fashionable for a while or have been passed down to this day. This shows that Su Shi is widely spread among the people and has great influence.
Su Shi also left a lot of legacies. In addition to the "Sansu Temple" in Meishan, Sichuan, there are hundreds of relics about Su Shi across the country. There is an inscription written by Zhu De in Sansu Temple:
Three fathers and sons from one school, all great writers.
Poems and poems have been passed down through the ages, and Emei has the highest reputation.
2. The reasons for the formation of Su Shi’s broad-minded character
Due to the influence of Confucianism, ancient scholars all hoped to make a difference and build industries. The so-called "a real man should take the world as his own responsibility." , "If you are poor, you will be good for yourself; if you are rich, you will be good for the world." When this ideal cannot be realized or encounters setbacks, there will be the following manifestations: 1. Martyrdom. That is, sacrificing one's ideals with one's life, just like Qu Yuan sinking into the Miluo River. Two, complain. In the poem, he expresses the sorrow of poverty and the resentment of not being recognized for his talents.
Tao Yuanming's poems often contain laments about poverty, illness, sorrow, and complaints about his depressed career. Even Li Bai's boldness can not help but lead to decadence; Du Fu cares about the national economy and people's livelihood, but cannot realize his ambitions, and often expresses frustration and sadness. For example, in "Ascend the High", "There are no relatives or friends, and there is a lonely boat for old and sick people"; Chen Ziang "thinks about the tranquility of heaven and earth, and sheds tears alone"; Li Bai's "Life is not satisfactory in the world, and the Ming Dynasty spreads and flattens the boat" and so on.
But by Su Shi's time, he had completely developed a style of poetry that was bold, natural, elegant and open-minded. He was full of understanding of the rich and poor in life, and showed a kind of "success is gratifying, and failure is equally rewarding." "The mind. This should be a new expansion of the realm of life, reflecting a great step forward in human wisdom.
How did Su Shi reach this state? I think this has something to do with the two personalities Su Shi had in his youth.
When Su Shi was studying as a boy, he was able to integrate the best character and cultivation of Confucianism and Taoism into his own cultivation. This is very worthy of our attention. On the one hand, he has had a firm Confucian ambition to use the world since he was a child, that is, the idea that "a real man should take the world as his own responsibility."
"History of the Song Dynasty. Biography of Su Shi" contains this description: When Su Shi was young, his mother Cheng taught him the Han Dynasty "Biography of Fan Dan". Fan Dan was a loyal minister who was persecuted during the party strife in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When he was appointed as the Qing Dynasty envoy, he had the ambition to clarify the world. When he was persecuted later, he refused to live an ignoble life and would rather give his life, just like Tan Sitong who said, "I will smile to the sky with my sword across my sword, leaving my liver and gallbladder intact." When she said goodbye to her mother, she said: "I am unfilial as a child and have failed to repay my parents for their kindness in raising me." Fan's mother said: "A person wants to be famous and also wants to be rich and live a long life. How can he have both? Mother, please go and complete it. Ideal." When he read this, little Su Shi vowed to be a fan when he grew up. Su's mother said: "You can be a model, can't I be a model's mother?"
Su Shi's life never belonged to the new party, nor did he adhere to the old party. No matter what kind of political persecution he suffered, as long as he returned to the court, he still adhered to his ideals, did not blindly follow any faction, and was unwilling to follow the crowd. Therefore, he suffered so much relegation, but his aspirations, ideals, and conduct have always been consistent. At critical moments, he can't help but tell the truth. In his words, "It's like a fly in your mouth, and you won't be happy until you spit it out."
Su Shi was also deeply influenced by Zhuangzi’s thoughts when he was a boy. He has been fond of "Zhuangzi" since he was a child. "Zhuangzi. Xiaoyaoyou" has such a metaphor: "On the mountain of Miaogushe, there are gods and men, whose skin is like ice and snow, and as graceful as a virgin. It soaks in the sky but does not drown; there is a drought, gold and rocks flow, and the earth and mountains are scorched but not hot. ." This metaphor describes a very high level of cultivation. It is said that on the mountain of Jiaogushe, there is a real person who has achieved Taoism. His skin is as white as ice and snow, and his posture is as beautiful as a virgin. He will not be drowned by floods, and will not be hurt by severe droughts that melt gold and stone and scorch the earth and mountains. ——This actually expresses Taoism’s spiritual self-preservation ethics. In addition, "Zhuangzi. The Master of Health Preservation" also tells the story of a butcher's knife cutting off an ox: "My sword has been used for nearly nineteen years, and thousands of oxen have been cut off, and the blade is as new as when it was made." This is about A question of cultivation. There is also such a story in "Zhuangzi. Xiaoyaoyou": "There is a fish in the North Ming Dynasty, and its name is Kun. The Kun is so big that it cannot be thousands of miles away; it turns into a bird, and its name is Peng. The Peng's back is I don’t know how many miles it is; it flies in anger, its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. It is a bird that will migrate to the east of Nanming. This is such a high, unfettered, far-reaching and broad-minded thing. "Zhuangzi" also tells many stories about his cultivation and imagination. When Su Shi was reading "Zhuangzi" when he was a child, he said: "I had some opinions in the past that I could not express, but now I see this book, which has won my heart." (History of the Song Dynasty. Biography of Su Shi) He meant that he had some opinions in his heart before, but he could not express them. , I am reading "Zhuangzi" now, and it just said what I was thinking. This is very amazing. It shows that Su Zi has the root of wisdom since childhood, as Buddhists say, and as Taoists say, the essence has early enlightenment. When Su Shi was studying at a young age, he was able to integrate the best character and cultivation of Confucianism and Taoism into his own cultivation. This was an important factor in Su Shi's success.
Through the previous analysis, we will have a deeper understanding of Su Shi's two-point attitude towards life:
Su Shi's two-point attitude towards life: He adopts a detached approach to his own sufferings and setbacks. With a broad-minded attitude, as he himself said: "Advance and retreat lead to loss, and unity has been together for a long time. It's all insignificant." However, his loyalty and love for the country and the people has always been persistent and has not changed. So as long as he returns to the court, he should still say what he should say. After many hardships, he remains so loyal. Moreover, when he was demoted and away from home, he tried his best to do practical things for the people. He was called "Su Xianneng" by the people in Fengxiang. He rescued droughts in Mi, floods in Xuzhou, built the West Lake and built hospitals in Hangzhou, built bridges in Huizhou, and built hospitals and schools in Danzhou. He tried his best to do practical things for the people. Everywhere he went he had an excellent political voice. Suffering created Su Shi's great personality.
3. Su Shi’s poems
To talk about Su Shi without mentioning his poems is like arriving in Hangzhou and not seeing the West Lake.
(1). Su Shi’s poems
Su Shi’s literary creation has the largest number of poems. Among the existing poems, it has the largest number and the highest artistic value. It is a work that expresses personal feelings. Emotions and poems about natural scenes.
Su Shi's poems praising natural scenery can often describe ordinary scenery in an alert and moving way, with great appeal or rationality. For example, poems such as "Evening View of the Spring River in Huichong" and "Drinking from the First Sunny and Later Rain on the Lake" depict the scenery of lakes and mountains, the graceful rain and the early spring in the south of the Yangtze River. They are all wonderful and full of leisurely emotions. "Tixilinbi" raises a profound philosophical question from looking at the mountains.
It warns people: Due to their different viewpoints and different starting points for difficult issues, their understanding of objective things will inevitably be one-sided. To have a correct and comprehensive understanding of things, they must transcend their own narrow scope and get rid of personal prejudices. It also inspires people to think about the relationship between whole and part, macroscopic and microscopic, analysis and synthesis in the process of understanding complex things, as well as the warning that "the authorities are confused but the onlookers are clear" in the process of exploring the truth. The integration of this fascinating scenery with the intriguing poetic flavor and thought-provoking aspects in Su Shi's poems is the so-called "interest" of Song poetry.
Reflecting social reality and caring about people's livelihood and suffering are another important contents of Su Shi's poetry. Su Shi was a poet who was interested in managing the world and benefiting the people. He came from a humble background and was repeatedly demoted after becoming an official. He was close to the lower class people, which provided the basis for him to write such poems. Poems such as "Wuzhong Tian Women's Tan" are reflections of this spirit.
Su Shi also often borrowed historical themes to expose the shortcomings of real politics. "Lychee Sigh" is a masterpiece of this type of poem. It shows the poet's spirit of daring to fight.
Su Shi can write poems about everything. Prose and argumentative style are the characteristics of Su Shi's poems. He can appropriately dye various themes, blending them with each other to create spring, and everything is satisfactory.
Su Shi's prose is known as that of Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. There is a metaphor: "Han is like the tide, Liu is like the spring. Ou is like Han, and Su is like the sea."
Su Shi's expositions include memorials, suggestions, economic explanations, miscellaneous remarks, etc. The most important ones are historical and political commentaries. One of the representative articles is "Teaching War and Defending Strategies", which discusses how to be prepared for danger in times of peace and teach the people to prepare for war. The author proposed war and defense strategies based on the current situation of Gou'an in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was very relevant to the current situation.
Su Shi's narratives include inscriptions on tablets, travel notes on landscapes and notes on pavilions and towers. Although the number is not large, they have the highest artistic value and the most originality among Su Wen. Representative works of inscriptions include "The Biography of Fang Shanzi" and "Shu Liu Ting Shi Shi". The landscape travelogue "Shizhongshan Ji" is an article with the nature of scientific investigation. It is organized to explore the reasons why Shizhong Mountain got its name, and aims to explain "Is it okay to infer the existence of something without seeing it with the eyes and ears?"
Essays also occupy an important position in Su Shi's prose. The quantity is large, and the artistic achievement is also high. It includes essays, prefaces and postscripts, letters, miscellaneous works, etc. Most of these articles are picked up casually and written in letters, showing the author's mind and personality, and are full of charm and interest. Such as "Sun Yu" and so on.
Of Su Shi's poems, "Chibi Fu" is the most famous. "Ode to the Former Red Cliff" is about an autumn night in which I went boating on Red Cliff with my friends. In the water and moonlight, I used the scenery to express my feelings and explore the philosophy of life and the universe. Although there are certain negative emotions, it mainly expresses a detached attitude towards life and Optimism. The author of "Hou Chibi Ode" climbed up to look at things under the moonlight in the east night, showing his freedom and detachment from the depression of the clear breeze and bright moon and traveling with immortals. The language of the two poems alternates between parallel and prose, the sound is sonorous and harmonious, and the questions and answers between the subject and the guest are natural. They are the best poems in the Song Dynasty.
(2) Su Shi’s Ci
Su Shi has a special status in the history of Chinese Ci. His words have made new breakthroughs in terms of subject matter, content, style, artistic conception and language melody. He extended the results of the Northern Song Dynasty poetry innovation movement to the field of Ci and created a new stage of Ci creation.
Su Shi’s contribution to Ci first lies in improving his understanding and evaluation of Ci. He broke the artificial boundaries between poems and promoted them to become truly independent lyric poems.
In terms of subject matter and content, Su Shi led the poet's vision from the traditional "flower room" and "respecting the front" to human society, and even won the evaluation of "no intention can be entered, and nothing can be said" . Among the many themes of Su Ci, lyrical poetry, chanting poetry and pastoral poetry have the highest achievements.
As far as lyrical poetry is concerned, in addition to the traditional romance and tenderness, Su Shi boldly pioneered and gradually transformed the lyrical style into a tool for literati to express their aspirations and express their emotions. He uses words to express himself and directly express his feelings about politics, patriotism, nostalgia, and even general human ethics. For example, "Qinyuanchun" (Guguan Dengqing) expresses the political aspirations of "dedicated to the kings, Yao and Shun" and "use and give up according to the time". "Jiangchengzi" (I talk about being a teenager) describes the grand hunting scene in Mizhou and expresses his patriotic feelings. Among them is another poem mourning the death of Wang Fu, the beloved wife of the fourth grandmother. That is, "In ten years, life and death are boundless...", using dreams to express the sorrow, sincere feelings, and heartbreak.
There are more than 30 poems chanting things, and the art is exquisite. It not only emphasizes the description of physical similarity, but also the description of spiritual similarity. It can not only write the image of the object, but also express the sustenance.
Such as "Water Dragon Song" (like a flower but not like a flower).
Su Shi’s pastoral poetry is a breakthrough in the theme of Song poetry. The five poems "Huanxisha" composed by him in Xuzhou describe the rural scenery, farmers' images, working life and rural folk customs, like a fresh and beautiful pastoral song.
In terms of Ci style, Su Shi can be said to have created a bold and unrestrained artistic conception. The most representative one is "Niannujiao" (The great rivers go eastward, and the waves are gone). The poet uses his pen as fast as a rafter to describe the majestic scenery of the mountains and rivers. He also uses infinite time and space to praise the great achievements of ancient heroes and lament that his talents are not appreciated. The emotions are heroic yet melancholy.
Su Shi also created Kuangda Ci. The so-called broad-mindedness refers to a creative personality that is open-minded, uninhibited, unrestrained and unrestrained, and optimistic and cheerful. Broad-mindedness is Su Shi's character trait. There are many broad-minded words in Su's poetry, so broad-mindedness can be called the main style of Su's poetry. Such as "Shui Tiao Ge Tou" (When will the bright moon appear). This word chants the moon throughout the poem, but it is related to human affairs everywhere. The poet seems to be talking to the moon, exploring the meaning of life, and finally finds comfort in nature, gets rid of the troubles of life, and achieves broad-mindedness. Another such word is "Ding Feng Bo" (don't listen to the sound of beating leaves through the forest).
Su Shi also created many excellent traditional graceful poems. Such as "Water Dragon Song" (looks like a flower but not like a flower), "Butterfly Loves the Flower" (the flowers have faded to red, green and apricots), etc.
Su Shi also made innovations in language and music. The language of Su's Ci is fresh, simple, concise and smooth. It is not as slang as Liu's Ci, and it does not have the powdery atmosphere of Huajian's Ci. In terms of lyrics and tone, he introduced many generous and bold tunes. Such as "Qin Yuan Chun", "Yong Yu Le", "Shui Tiao Ge Tou", "Congratulations to the Bridegroom", etc.
In short, Su Shi finally became a literary giant with Su Shi’s attitude! !
Su Shi, the literary figure, has long been known to the world. As for Su Shi's calligraphy, it is often necessary to clear away layers of fog in order to accurately understand it. The so-called "mist" does not refer to the evaluation of Su Shi's calligraphy achievements in the past - the calligraphy of the Song Dynasty, Su, Huang, Mi, Cai, has become a definite evaluation - but to Su Shi's discussion of calligraphy and the world's understanding of his discussion. .
Su Shi's most famous statement on calligraphy is undoubtedly "I can't create the original meaning of calligraphy, so I can only try to guess what I am doing". Since it is "created by intention" and "unable", of course I don't bother to think about pointillism in detail. Su Shi also said: "Although I am not good at reading, there is no one who knows how to write better than me. If you can only understand the meaning, it is often said that you cannot learn." As long as you understand the meaning of ancient people's calligraphy, you don't have to learn those basic techniques.
Did Su Shi really not pay attention to ancient methods? No. Judging from what he said, "The pen becomes a tomb and the ink becomes a pond. If it is not as good as Xi's, he will offer it; the pen is bald with thousands of pipes, and the ink is polished with thousands of collars. If it is not used, it will be peaceful." It can be seen that he strives to reach the level of calligraphers of the previous generation. Strong desire. From his student Huang Tingjian's evaluation of him, we can also see his experience in learning calligraphy: "When Dongpo was young, he was like Xu Kuaiji (Hao), and his pen was round and graceful. In his middle age, Xilin wrote Yan Shangshu (Zhenqing) ) is really good, and if you make mistakes, you will be exhausted. Later, Li Beihai (Yong)'s calligraphy is similar to it. "So, how should we understand Su Shi's discussion of calligraphy above?
< p>First of all, Su Shi had a very clear understanding of the calligraphers of his predecessors: "I have tried to discuss calligraphy, and I think that the writings of Zhong and Wang are simple and distant, and the beauty is beyond the pen and ink. In the Tang Dynasty, Yan and Liu began to collect ancient and modern calligraphy. After all the changes in the book, the world suddenly thought that it was the master, but the Zhong and Wang's Dharma was only slightly improved." Since it was difficult for later generations to surpass the Tang Dynasty in terms of "dharma", and at the same time, "the laws of Zhong and Wang were weak" in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Su Shi based himself on inheriting and carrying forward the "Xiao San Jian Yuan" of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and competed with his predecessors .Of course, times have changed. Scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties were elegant and fond of talking, romantic, calm and calm, and the peaceful, natural, implicit and harmonious beauty brought by their intangible emotions can no longer be found. . All Su Shi could do was to express himself to his heart's content, let nature take its course, and focus on the free expression of personal interest, feelings, and character. However, he pursues joy and joy, does not care about clumsiness, does not avoid ugliness, and does not stick to formal beauty. Therefore, his works are filled with a sense of innocence and innocence. Su Shi only imitated the ideas of the ancients and did not copy their appearance, which made him quite contented: "Although my books are not very good, they come up with new ideas and do not follow the ancients. This is a blessing!"
Secondly, Su Shi was a talented and learned man, and his writing skills were an indispensable part of his calligraphy art. Huang Tingjian commented on Su Shi's calligraphy: "The spirit of intellectual articles is full of vitality between the pen and ink, so others can never match it." He himself also said: "If you write as much as a mountain of writing, it will not be enough, and you will have to read thousands of volumes before you can understand the spirit."
It is precisely because of this kind of reading that his calligraphy is so natural and distinctive; it is also because of this kind of reading that he is the first to clearly put forward the concept of "scholar" in the history of Chinese painting. The concept of "painting" and the famous proposition that "there is painting in poetry, and there is poetry in painting". Not only did he break through the shackles of "relying on sound to write lyrics" and composed his own "The Great River Goes East", he even dared to "make up" allusions in the imperial examination, which deceived the examiner.
Song Dynasty poet Ye Mengde's "Yan Yu in the Stone Forest" and Yang Wanli's "Chengzhai Shihua" both recorded such a story: Su Shi passed the scientific examination and became a Jinshi. ', Yao said 'forgiveness of three'" allusion, the well-educated examiners Ouyang Xiu and Mei Shengyu were at a loss to know where the allusion came from. Afterwards, Mei asked Su, and Su Shi slowly replied: "It's obvious, why do we need to have a source?"
This is Su Shi! No wonder Ouyang Xiu was "shocked" after hearing this and said: "This man is really good at reading." , Make good use of books, and your articles in the future will be unique in the world.'" Being good at reading and using books gave Su Shi the courage to not look up to the ancients. Thinking about today's calligraphy circles, calligraphy is generally regarded as just an exercise in writing skills. People who don't even have the basic skills dare to doodle randomly. Understanding Su Shi in this way is not only the sorrow of Su Shi, but also the sorrow of today's society and culture.
Su Shi was a Chinese writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name is Zizhan and his nickname is Dongpo Jushi. A native of Meizhou (now Meishan City, Sichuan Province) in the Song Dynasty. His father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Che are both famous ancient writers, known as the "Three Sus" in the world. Jiayou became a Jinshi and served as a judge in Fengxiang Mansion, advocating the reform of bad government. Shenzong opposed the reform at the time, but during his tenure in Mizhou and Xuzhou, he fought floods and exterminated locusts, helped the poor and rescued orphans, and made many political achievements. Later, he was demoted to Huangzhou for "slandering the imperial court". Zhezong was a bachelor of Hanlin Academy at that time, and went out to know the four states of Hangzhou, Ying, Yang and Ding. Huizong was pardoned and summoned back for the first time. Poems, lyrics and prose all represent the highest achievements of Northern Song literature.
Most of Su Shi's poems express his emotions about the ups and downs of his official career. There are also works that reflect the suffering of people's livelihood and reveal the darkness of reality. The poetic style is bold and fresh, especially good at metaphor. Together with Huang Tingjian, he is also known as "Su Huang".
Su Shi's poems have a wide range of themes, including travel notes, nostalgia, gifts, farewells, and reasoning. He also broke through the strict constraints of music and promoted the development of poems. Famous works include "Nian Nujiao", "Shui Diao Ge Tou", etc., which pioneered the bold style of poetry, and was called "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji.
Su Shi's prose is full of unbridled arguments, and his narrative structure is rigorous and clear. For example, "The Story of Shizhong Mountain" and "The Story of Fanghe Pavilion" are both recited together with "Chibi Ode" and "Hou Chibi Ode". Famous articles. Together with Ouyang Xiu, he is also known as "Ou Su" and is one of the "Eight Masters of Ancient Prose in the Tang and Song Dynasties". Literary thought emphasizes "doing something for something", advocating nature, getting rid of constraints, "creating new ideas in laws and regulations, and sending wonderful principles out of boldness". Committed to promoting underachievers, Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, etc. all came from his disciples.
Su Shi was also good at running and regular script, and together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, he was known as the "Four Masters of Song Dynasty". He studied famous masters of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and gained influence from Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became his own family. Zi said: "I can't create my own calligraphy"; another said: "I come up with new ideas and don't follow the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, he was very good at using pen, but he was not as good as the boss who gradually approached nature"; another said: "When he arrived in Huangzhou Later, his strokes were extremely powerful. "In his later years, he had the momentum of overseas turmoil, and his knowledge, broadmindedness, and knowledge were outstanding, and he experienced many ups and downs in his life. His calligraphy style is full of ups and downs, innocent and vast. You can imagine his calligraphy by looking at it. As a person. At that time, his brothers and nephews You, Mai, and Guo, and his friends Wang Dingguo and Zhao Lingju all learned from him; later historical celebrities such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan in the Ming Dynasty, and Zhang Zhi in the Qing Dynasty Dong, also learned from him, which shows the great influence.
Su Shi painted ink bamboo under the guidance of Wen, which was simpler and more vigorous than Wen, and had the potential to dance. Mi Fu said that he "made black bamboo from the ground to the top." I asked: Why not divide it section by section? He said: When the bamboo is growing, how can it grow section by section? , The curves are unprovoked; the stones are hard and cracked, and they are also strange and unprovoked, just like the depression in the chest. "It can be seen that his paintings are very imaginative and far-reaching. He has outstanding opinions on calligraphy and painting, and his influence on painting is even more far-reaching. For example, he attaches great importance to spiritual resemblance, advocates that there is emotion outside the painting, and the painting must have sustenance, opposes similarity in form, opposes the constraints of routine, and advocates "poetry and painting". "Original uniformity, natural craftsmanship and freshness", and clearly proposed the concept of "literati painting", etc., which laid the theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". Existing writings include "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" and "Chibi Fu" ”, “An Essay in Appreciation to Civil Teachers” and “A few Essays on the Commemoration of the Yellow Emperor”, etc.
Among the surviving paintings are "Scroll of Ancient Trees and Strange Rocks"; and "Scroll of Bamboos and Stones of Xiaoxiang" discovered in recent years must also be his work. His poems include "Dongpo Seven Collections", and his lyrics include "Dongpo Yuefu" and so on. Wang Wenhao of the Qing Dynasty published "Collection of Su Wenzhonggong's Poems Compiled and Annotated".
Su Shi (1037-1101), courtesy name Zizhan and Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan, Sichuan. He was an outstanding writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe, he was also known as the "Three Sus". . Su Shi became a Jinshi at the age of 21. During the Shenzong period, he served in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was framed for the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was demoted to Huangzhou as deputy envoy of Tuanlian. He spent more than four years in Huangzhou and cultivated wasteland on the east slope of the city, so he called himself "Dongpo Jushi". . After Zhezong came to the throne, he served as a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, a bachelor of attendance, and a minister of the Ministry of Rites. He also went to Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou. Amnesty returned to the north. He died of illness in Changzhou on the way and was buried in Jiaxian County, Henan Province. He was posthumously named Wenzhong Gong.
While serving as local governor, Su Shi cared about the sufferings of the people, did many good things to benefit the people, and was deeply supported by the people. Su Shi was an erudite and talented essayist. He was one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. His literary works marked the highest achievement of literary creation in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi was a famous poet. He and the famous poet Huang Tingjian of the Song Dynasty were also called "Su Huang". Su Shi As an outstanding poet, he pioneered a bold style of poetry. Together with the outstanding poet Xin Qiji, he was called "Su Xin" and had a great influence on later generations; Su Shi is a famous calligrapher. He, together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, Cai Xiang is also known as the "Four Artists of the Song Dynasty"; Su Shi is also a famous painter. In addition, important achievements have been made in farmland water conservancy, education, music, medicine, mathematics, epigraphy, aesthetics, cooking, etc.