A list of scenic spots and historical sites in Datong, Shanxi
Guoxiu. com 26-5-11
Datong Volcano Group
Datong Volcano Group is located between 2 and 6 kilometers east of Datong, and is a famous extinct volcano group in eastern China. It consists of two parts: one part was formed in Tertiary, mainly distributed in Zuoyun and Youyu counties; Part of it was formed in Quaternary, mainly distributed in the northern part of Datong Basin. The latter group of volcanoes is of great research value, with more than 3 volcanoes, and their distribution characteristics are divided into four areas: east, south, west and north. The north area was the earliest, followed by the east and south areas, and the west area was the latest. The Eastern Volcanoes refer to six isolated volcanoes in Sanggan River Valley between Guayuan and shenquansi, such as Naoyoutou, Xiaojiayaotou, Dongpo Mountain, shenquansi, Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Goose Volcanoes in the southern area mainly refer to Dayukou volcano, Xiyaotou volcano and three unnamed volcanoes in the northeast of Xiyaotou in the south of Sanggan River. The West Volcano refers to the volcano distributed in the north of Guayuan and Xiping, which is the earliest discovered and deeply studied part of Datong Volcano Group. Including 15 volcanoes such as Montenegro, Shuang Shan, Laohushan and Langwoshan, it is characterized by a cone, which is mainly composed of pyroclastic materials. The shape of the mountain is complex and diverse, and there are many fetal volcanoes and parasitic volcanoes. Among them, Montenegro is the largest and most complex volcano group in Datong, with a gentle hill shape, and Shuang Shan is located in the center of the volcano group. Volcanoes in North Area mainly refer to six volcanoes in the north of Datong and southwest of Gushan, among which Gushan is the largest and most characteristic volcano in this area, which is dome-shaped and stands alone. ?
xujiayaoren site
xujiayaoren site is a national key cultural relic protection unit. Located 1.5 kilometers south of Xujiayao Village, Gucheng Town, Yanggao County, northeast of Datong City. It is about 1, years ago and belongs to the middle Paleolithic period. From 1976 to 1977, the vertebrate paleontology Institute of Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences carried out excavation, and the site contained human fossils, a large number of stone products, ancient horns and abundant mammalian fossils. Human fossils include parietal bones, occipital fragments, teeth and jaws of Xujiayao people. One of the intact right parietal bones is the largest ancient human fossil found in China in recent years. The Xujiayao people are descendants of "Beijingers". They migrated westward about 1, years ago and were separated by "Datong Lake", so they settled here. This discovery fills the gap between "Beijinger" and "Zhiyu". The culture of Xujiayao people is represented by stone products and bone horns. There are more than 14, stone products, including scrapers, pointy devices, carvers, stone drills, cutters and stone balls. Only 179 stone balls were found, which is rare. Other stone tools are small and fine, which is an important transition link between Peking man culture and Zhiyu man culture. There are more than 2 kinds of animal fossils, including Platts wild horse, hairy rhinoceros, Platts pronghorn, goose throat antelope, wild boar, wolf and tiger. ?
qingciyao paleolithic site
qingciyao paleolithic site is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi province. Primitive social and cultural sites. Located on the south slope of Wuzhoushan Mountain in Qingciyao Village, 8.5 kilometers west of Datong City, with an altitude of 1,13 meters. Three village and Wazhagou, which have been excavated, are distributed in the gray-green silty sand with breccia at the rear edge of the second terrace on the left bank of Shili River, which is about 25 meters higher than Shili River. Excavation was carried out in 1977, and more than 1 stoneware products were found in the yellowish brown silty clay layer belonging to the Upper Pleistocene. There are scrapers, pointy devices, stone balls, etc., as well as a large number of stone cores, stone chips and mammalian fossils born with this * * *, most of which are wild horses and hairy rhinoceros. Judging from these fossils, the geological age of the site belongs to the late Neogene, which belongs to the late Paleolithic culture and is similar to the cultural age of Xujiayao people in Yanggao. ?
Alpine microlithic site
Alpine microlithic site is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. Primitive social and cultural sites. It is located on the platform about 3km west of Datong and 1km west of Gaoshan Town. The platform is about 8 meters above the river, and it is washed by the river into a hill extending northward. There are abundant relics, including typical Neolithic microliths and pottery pieces. There are exquisitely crafted agate stone cones and clusters, circular scrapers, etc., as well as a large number of stone cores and pieces, mostly made of agate and flint. Most of the pottery pieces are gray-black, with hard texture, high temperature, less sand, and most of them are fine sand. The patterns are grate patterns, rope patterns, etc., and the shapes are pots, bowls and so on. It belongs to the microlithic culture in the late Neolithic period. ?
Jijiazhuang Neolithic Site
Jijiazhuang Neolithic Site is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. Located about 5 meters southeast of Jijiazhuang Village, Jijiazhuang Township, datong county. Jijiazhuang Village faces the northern foot of Dianshan Mountain in the south, near the south bank of Sanggan River. The site is on the second terrace of Sanggan River, covering an area of about 1 square kilometer. Now most of it is farmland. There are abundant relics left on the ground, and pottery pieces and stone tools are everywhere. There is a zigzag gully in the northeast of the site, and ash pits and ash layers can be seen from the fault. The ash layer is 2.5 ~ 3 meters thick, and there are many relics that have not been excavated. The pottery materials in the relics are mainly sand pottery and argillaceous pottery. Most of them are gray pottery, and some are black pottery and black and red painted pottery. Its decorative patterns mainly include thick rope patterns, thin rope patterns, worn-out rope patterns, basket patterns, chord patterns, and many plain patterns. There are jars, pots, basins, stone spears, stone axes, stone pestles and so on. There are several kinds of mouth edges, such as extravagant mouth, open mouth and straight mouth, and many utensils have rope patterns on their mouths. Judging from the contents of the site, the site is mainly the culture of Longshan period and Yangshao period. ?
Tomb of King Zhao Wuling
Tomb of King Zhao Wuling is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. Located in the southeast of Datong City, 1 km west of Lingqiu County. King Wuling of Zhao, named Yong, was the sixth generation monarch of Zhao during the Warring States Period, and reigned from 325 to 299 BC. He innovated and tried to be strong, practiced "riding and shooting with hufu", and expanded the territory, which made Zhao from weak to strong. He was a politician and strategist with great achievements. In 298 BC, he passed on to his youngest son, Zhao He, claiming to be the "father" and led troops to destroy Zhongshan State. In 395 BC, Gongzi Zhang contended for the position, Gongzi Chengwei surrounded the main father's palace for more than 3 months, and King Wuling starved to death in the sand dunes. Legend has it that he was buried here. The tomb used to cover an area of 6, square meters, and now the protected area is 1,9 square meters. The tomb is 22 meters in circumference and 1 meters in height. During the reign of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, 1 monument was erected and a 4-meter-high monument building was built. In the Republic of China, there was a tree monument. The cemetery is covered with trees and grass, which makes this mausoleum more spectacular. Lingqiu County is named after its tomb. ?
Battle site of Baden
Battle site of Baden, Western Han Dynasty battlefield site. It's on Mapu Mountain, 5 kilometers northeast of Datong City. Mapushan, formerly known as Baideng Mountain, is an isolated loess hill, about 1 kilometers around and more than 3 meters high. There was a white stage on the top of the hill. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Xiongnu Maodun Khan constantly invaded the northern counties of the Han Dynasty. In the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 2 years), Han Wangxin colluded with Khan to make an insurrection according to Mayi, and Liu Bang led 32, troops to the north to March on Pingcheng. The Huns rode 4, soldiers and besieged the Han army for seven days and seven nights in Baideng Mountain. Only after the Han army fought, could it break through. After the war, Liu Bang adopted Lou Jing's suggestion and adopted a pro-Hun policy. In 1993, the Datong Municipal People's Government built a new "Hanque" pavilion here, with the front book "Site of the Battle of Hanbaideng" and the back inscription compiled in the original official history. Surrounded by pine trees, it is green and tall. ?
Yanggao Ancient City han group
Yanggao Ancient City han group Shanxi Provincial Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit. Located between Yanggao Ancient City and Majiasao Village in the northeast of Datong City, it is distributed within a range of about 1 kilometers from north to south and 3 kilometers from east to west. The tombs in Xujiayao and Danjiayao are the most concentrated. There are 58 tombs, with a height of 3-1m and a circumference of 9-1m. In the spring of 1943, Mizuno Kiyoshi, a Japanese scholar, and his assistants excavated three tombs in the east of Gucheng Village, all of which were brick tombs, and unearthed and transported a number of cultural relics of the Han Dynasty, mainly including bronze Boshan furnace, bronze seal, bronze mirror and hook. ?
Hunyuan Mazhuang han group
Hunyuan Mazhuang han group Shanxi Provincial Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit. Located between Mazhuang and Bicun, 7.5km north-west of hun yuan, southeast of Datong City. More than 2 raised mounds can be seen on the surface. In 1973, when the land was leveled, a tomb was dug. After archaeological cleaning, it was confirmed that it was a wooden tomb buried by local officials and couples in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty (the first 15 years). There are 173 funerary objects, such as copper, pottery, iron, lacquer, lead, agate and silk, among which the long inkstone is made of blue-gray shale, and there are conical ink pills beside the inkstone. Its unearthed cultural relics are now preserved in Datong Museum. ?
Yungang Grottoes
Yungang Grottoes are national key cultural relics protection units. Located in the northern bank of Wuzhou River at the foot of Wuzhou Mountain, 16 kilometers west of Datong City. The grottoes are dug along the mountain, stretching for 1 km from east to west. There are 45 main caves and kilns, with more than 1,1 small niches and more than 51, statues. It is one of the three largest grottoes in China and a world-famous art treasure house with a history of more than 1,5 years. Large-scale construction began in the Heping period of Wen Chengdi in the Northern Wei Dynasty (46 ~ 465), and it was completed in the fifth year of Emperor Xiaoming Zhengguang (524), counting more than 6 years. At the beginning, Yao Tan, a famous monk, presided over the opening of five caves, namely "Tanyao Five Caves". Most of the existing caves were carved before they moved to Luo in the 18th year of Taihe (494). Yungang Grottoes are divided into East Zone, Central Zone and West Zone. East refers to caves 1 ~ 4 at the eastern end of Yungang Grottoes, all of which are tower caves. The first and second caves were chiseled before Emperor Xiaowen moved to Los Angeles, with square towers carved in the center and niches carved on all sides. The main statue of the first cave is Maitreya, and the lower layer of the south tower is carved with the statue of Sakyamuni, and the upper layer is carved with the statue of Sakyamuni, and the five-story small tower is embossed. The second cave is the statue of Sakyamuni, with the statue of Sakyamuni carved on the lower floor in the south of the tower and the Buddha III carved on the upper floor. The third cave is the largest cave in Yungang Grottoes. The front vertical wall is about 25 meters high, and there are 12 rectangular stone holes in the middle and upper part. It is said that there is a Yao Tan translation building. The grotto is divided into front and back rooms, and there is a Buddha and two Bodhisattvas in the back room. The statue is natural in posture, smooth in clothing and plump in face, and it is a work in the early Tang Dynasty from the perspective of clothing and sculpture style. The weathering and water erosion of the fourth cave is serious. Above the south wall cave door, there is an inscription of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which is the latest inscription in Yungang. The central cave group includes caves 5 to 2. The fifth and sixth caves are a group of double caves dug by Emperor Xiaowen before he moved to Luo. In front of the grottoes, there are five four-story wooden pavilions, vermilion columns and glazed tile roofs built in the eighth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1651), which are quite gorgeous. The fifth cave is an oval thatched cottage with front and rear rooms. On the north wall of the back room, the statue of Sakyamuni, 17 meters high, is the largest statue in Yungang, and the exterior is rebuilt by clay sculpture in Tang Dynasty. The grottoes are full of statues of Buddhist niches. On the west side of the cave, there are two Buddha pairs sitting under the bodhi tree, with the top embossed and graceful lines. The plane of the sixth cave is nearly square, and the center is two towers with a height of 15 meters connecting the top of the cave. Each floor is carved with statues of Buddha, Bodhisattva, Lohan and Feitian on all sides. There are 33 heavens and various rides at the top of the cave. There are 33 stories of Sakyamuni from birth to Buddha carved on the wall and around the tower column, which are coherent in content and exquisite in composition. This cave is a representative cave in Yungang, with exquisite carving, outstanding theme and vivid image. The sixth and seventh caves are a group of double caves, which were excavated earlier in Yungang Phase II. The planes of the two caves are both rectangular, and the layout in the caves is layered up and down, and divided into left and right sections. The first three wooden eaves of the seventh cave were built in the eighth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1651). In the center of the upper canopy niche on the northern wall of the back room of the cave, a statue of Maitreya is carved, sitting on a Leo, leaning on the left and right, and there are two threats to serve the bodhisattva. The east, west and south walls are covered with carved statues of Buddhist niches. The top of the cave is embossed in the sky, with each musical instrument playing, lively and lively, hovering around the lotus as the center, dancing beautifully and moving, and the whole top of the cave is decorated with flowers. On the west side of the eighth cave, there is carved a Luo Tian with five heads and six arms riding a peacock; On the east side, Luo Tian, the head of a motorcycle with three heads and eight arms, is engraved. The ninth to thirteenth caves are Wuhua Cave, named after painting with mud in Qing Dynasty. The ninth to tenth caves are a group of double caves with front and back chambers, which were built in the eighth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (484) and completed in the thirteenth year (489). The plane of the two caves is nearly square, the south wall of the front room is chiseled into octagonal columns, and the wall of the room is engraved with Buddhist niches, musicians and maiko. The statues are vivid and beautiful, unique in shape, smooth in clothing and strong in movement. The main statue of the tenth cave is Maitreya, with flying in the front room, beautiful posture and coordinated proportion, and the stone carvings on the upper part of the open window are also very exquisite. Caves 11 to 13 are a group. The cubic tower column in Cave 11 is carved from the lower niche on all sides, and the upper part of the east wall is inscribed with the statue of the seventh year of the Northern Wei Dynasty Taihe (483). In front of the main hall and the upper part of the east and west walls of Cave 12, there are three carved wood-like building-shaped shrines, with two columns in the front row and three openings. At the top of the cave, there are carved musical instruments, such as flute, pipa, fiddle, fiddle, flute and waist drum, which are important materials for studying the history of music. The Buddha in Cave 13 is Maitreya, which is 12 meters high, and there is a statue of an armbearer carved between his right arm and his leg. This is the only example in Yungang. There is a statue of seven buddha carved on the upper part of the south gate arch, and there is a statue of heaven and man carved on the lower part of the east wall, all of which are fine works in the cave. The Buddhist niches on the east wall have different shapes. Wuhua Cave is richly carved and colorful, which is a valuable material for studying the history, art, music, dance, calligraphy and architecture of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Cave 14 is severely weathered, with some statues on the upper part of the western wall and square Buddha columns on the east side. The fifteenth cave is called the Ten Thousand Buddha Cave, and there are more than 1, small Buddha statues carved on the wall. Caves 16-2 are "Five Caves of Tanyao", and five statues are carved with Daowu, Mingyuan, Taiwu, Jingmu and Wencheng as models. These five caves are large in scale and magnificent in spirit, with the same characteristics in shape: the outer wall is full of thousands of buddhas, which generally imitate the oval-shaped thatched cottage form without a back room. Statues are mainly III Buddha. The main Buddha is tall and occupies the main position in the cave. The statue of Buddha Sakyamuni in Cave 16 is 13.5 meters high, handsome and handsome. In the middle of Cave 17, there is a seated statue of Maitreya, which is 15.6 meters high. The grotto is big and aggressive. Cave 18 is a statue of Sakyamuni wearing a thousand Buddhist robes, 15.5 meters high and magnificent. The statue of Sakyamuni in Cave 19 is 16.8 meters high, making it the second largest statue in Yungang. Cave 2 is an open-air statue, with a sitting statue of Sakyamuni in the middle, 13.75 meters high, which is the representative work of Yungang Grottoes. It has a squat, a semicircular face, deep eyes and a high nose, big eyes and thin lips, big earlobes and shoulders, and the shoulders are straight, which is magnificent in shape and vigorous in momentum. The caves in the west include caves 21 to 45, as well as some small caves and niches that are not numbered, most of which belong to works after the eighteenth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (494). It is characterized by many grottoes in groups, many small and medium grottoes, and many small niches as supplementary engravings. Most of the statues are thin and clear, with overlapping pleats at the lower part of the clothing pattern, elegant and beautiful, flying freely in the algae well, with a strong Chinese style, which is very close to the Longmen sculpture in Luoyang. Among them, the relief on the north wall of Cave 38 is the image data for studying the northern Wei Dynasty mixed ci-poetry. The five-story tower column in the center of Cave 39 is composed of five columns and six columns on each side. The arch on the top of the column supports the eaves without a flat seat, and the width and height of each layer are smaller than that of the lower layer, which is an important data for studying the early tower construction. The overall layout of Cave 4 skillfully uses decorative arts, which makes the cave format and composition regular and changeable, and improves the artistic style of the cave. Yungang Grottoes are famous for their magnificent statues and colorful contents. The smallest Buddha statue is only 2 cm high, and the largest is 17 meters high, which is very moving in shape and spirit. Its carving art inherits and develops the carving art tradition of Qin and Han Dynasties, absorbs and blends the essence of Gandhara Buddhism art, and has a unique artistic style, which has a far-reaching influence on the later development of Sui and Tang Dynasties art, occupies an important position in the art history of China, and is also a historical witness of China's friendly exchanges and cultural exchanges with foreign countries. ?
Hanging Temple
Hanging Temple is a national key cultural relic protection unit. Located in the southeast of Datong City, south of hun yuan.