Xuan paper, as one of the traditional papermaking technologies in China, is a traditional paper for classical painting and calligraphy in China. Xuan paper can be divided into rough surface and glossy surface. If you look at both sides of the paper, the opposite bright side is the front and the opposite rough side is the back.
There is no obvious difference in smoothness and roughness of many rice papers, and there is almost no obvious difference between the two sides, which has little influence on the effect of the works. Some painters and painters deliberately use rough surfaces to create in order to obtain special texture effects.
There are also gold-coated paper, gold-coated paper, ceramic tile paper and water-printed paper on the market, with a patterned side.
Extended data:
Traditional Chinese painting tools
1, pen
Brush can be divided into long front, center and short front according to the stroke length, and its performance is different. It is easy to draw beautiful lines before long, dignified and heavy before short, and both before medium and short. Painting landscapes should be centered. According to the size of the nib, brushes are divided into three types: small, medium and large.
2. Ink
There are two common raw materials for making ink: lampblack and pine smoke. The ink is called lampblack ink and Song Yanmo. Oil fume ink is made of tung oil fume. The ink is black and shiny, which can show the subtle changes of ink color and is suitable for landscape painting. Pine smoke is dark and dull, which is mostly used for feathers and characters' hair, and is not suitable for landscape painting.
3. Paper
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, silk was widely used in Chinese painting, and it was not until the Yuan Dynasty that paper was widely used in painting. The paper used in Chinese painting is different from other kinds of paintings. It is rice paper made of rosewood as the main raw material. Xuan paper was produced in Jingxian County, Anhui Province, and belonged to Xuanzhou in ancient times, so it was called Xuan paper.
4. inkstone
The most famous inkstones in China are She Yan and Duanyan. She inkstone is produced in Shexian County, Anhui Province, and Duan inkstone is produced in Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province. Okay, inkstone. Generally speaking, it is enough to choose inkstones of various properties for calligraphy and painting. When choosing an inkstone, the stone is delicate and moist, easy to ink and does not absorb water. Wash the inkstone in time after use, keep it clean, and avoid sun exposure and fire roasting.
5. Pigment
China's paintings developed to the Tang Dynasty, with heavy colors as the mainstream. Since the prevalence of ink painting in Song Dynasty, under the trend of literati, the use of color has gradually declined.
However, painters should have a better understanding of traditional painting pigments, develop in many aspects, or better combine with ink painting.
Traditional Chinese painting pigments can be divided into mineral pigments, plant pigments, metal pigments, animal pigments and artificial pigments according to their color-making raw materials.
Mineral pigments are blended from ores, which are thick in color and strong in coverage. Commonly used are:
(1) Stone Green: It is usually in powder form, and it must be mixed with glue when used. Azurite can be divided into Touqing, Erqing, Sanqing and Siqing. According to its fineness. Touqing is the thickest and greenest, and gradually becomes thinner and lighter.
(2) azurite: Its performance and use are almost the same as azurite. Azurite is divided into cyan, cyan, cyan and cyan. Cephalosporin is coarse, and it is not easy to dye evenly. It needs to be dyed several times.
(3) Zhu Jing: Zhu Jing is also called Chen Jing. Cinnabar is best in bright colors, and some are made into ink. Zhu Jing should not use azurite and azurite.
(4) Zhu system: (Zhu Biao) Zhu is finely ground, mixed with glue, and floats in the orange.
(5) Ochre: also known as vermilion, produced from hematite and light brown. At present, most of ochre has been refined into water-soluble colloidal blocks, which are not covered.
(6) White powder: it can be divided into lead powder, clam powder and chalk. Clam powder is made by processing and grinding mussel shells in the sea. After a long time, it is easy to "lead back" and turn black, and it can turn white after being gently washed with hydrogen peroxide. As for chalk (white clay powder), it is commonly used in ancient murals and does not change color for a long time.
Commonly used plant pigments are:
(7) Cyanine: blue lagoon is made of Polygonum hydropiper leaves or blue, and then blue pigment is extracted, which has a wide range of uses, and Garcinia can be turned into grass green or tender green.
(8) Garcinia Garcinia: Brawly in the southern tropical forest, a hole is drilled from its bark, and a gelatinous yellow liquid flows out, which is accepted with a bamboo tube and can be used after drying. Garcinia cambogia is poisonous and cannot be imported.
(9) Rouge (grease): a deep red pigment made from three plants: red and blue flowers, madder and purple stems. However, when rouge is used in painting, it has faded over time, and now it is mostly replaced by magenta.
People's Network-Paper and Ink in Chinese Painting