During the Han Dynasty, the central dynasty adopted two policies: appeasement and repression. It attacked from Fuyuan, frequently sent envoys to the Uhuan tribes in the north, and stationed a captain in Youzhou to guard Uhuan, making it impossible to communicate with Xiongnu. These envoys have the responsibility of "supervising Wu Huan" and are stationed in Wu Huan. As early as the reign of Emperor Liu Che of the Western Han Dynasty, the Wuhuan people mainly lived in Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong counties, which were equivalent to the central and eastern Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia, northern Chifeng, northern Hebei and northern Liaoning. In the 25th year of Jianwu (AD 49), the leader (adult) of Wuhuan paid tribute to the Han Dynasty and began to accept titles such as Hou, Wang, Jun and Chang. Soon, he led many people to ten counties on the edge of the border on a large scale, and his responsibility to the west developed to Hetao and Ordos grassland in Inner Mongolia today. The national customs of Wuhuan are used to the distinction between nobility and inferiority, so killing his father and brother in a rage is not a crime, but it does not harm his mother, because her mother has a race; The father and brother regard themselves as the same kind, so no one cares about killing the father and brother. Therefore, there is a strong tendency of revenge among the blood clan in Wuhuan nationality, which is called "internal strife leads to fierce self-chaos" in Han history.
Wuhuan people advocate natural religion, worship ghosts and gods, worship the heavens, the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars, mountains and rivers, and the late famous adults. Sacrifice cattle and sheep every year, and be sure to sacrifice before eating. Leaders with status or distinguished life experience are highly respected by Wuhuan people, and their names and surnames are respected and imitated. Therefore, in addition to Qin's family, the later surnames of China of Wuhuan nationality are Hao, Shen, Lu, Huan, Wang, Guan, Guan, Wei, Cao Shi, Lu, Wu, Gradually, Bo, Wuwan, Wuhuan, Bo, Zhan and Hemin. Originated from geographical names, Qinshan, a tributary of Ruhe River in ancient Jiangxi, was named after geographical names. It was called "Qinshan" in ancient times, that is, Longshan on the Ruhe River in the western suburb of dongxiang county, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, and zhejiang-jiangxi railway is adjacent to it. There is a clear spring at the foot of Longshan Mountain, which has never stopped since ancient times. It is called "learning from water", which has nurtured many politicians and literati, and created the immortal "Linchuan culture, a wonderful flower of China". For example, Wang Anshi, Wang Anli, Shangshu Zuocheng, Professor Wang Anguo from Xijing imperial academy, Wu Bozong from Wuyingdian in Ming Dynasty, Shu Tong (Wen Zao), vice president of the Academy of Military Sciences of China People's Liberation Army, and Ai Xing, an academician of China Engineering Institute, who was praised by Mao Zedong as "the pen of the Party and the calligrapher of the Red Army". The classic "Shan Hai Jing" records: "There are many precious stones in Qinshan, but no stones." Qinshan area was the land of Baiyue in the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu in the Warring States Period, Jiujiang County in Yangzhou in the Qin Dynasty and Linchuan County in Fuzhou in the Tang Dynasty. It was not until the seventh year of Zheng De, Zhu Houzhao, Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 12) that it was formally analyzed that Xiaogang Village in Linchuan County was located in dongxiang county and Qinshan belonged to dongxiang county.
Since the Warring States period, there have been residents who take the mountain name as their surname, called Qin, and their people include Baiyue and Jingchu, which have been passed down from generation to generation. Originated from place names, from Qinzhou in Sui Dynasty, belonging to place names. In the Sui Dynasty, after the unification of China, Emperor Wendi changed the name of Old Anzhou to Qinzhou in order to control the people of all ethnic groups in the Qinjiang River valley in Guangxi, and ordered local residents to take the name of Xinzhou as their surname, calling it Qin's, and registered it as households to strengthen the management of the reform. As the rulers of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yang and Li 'er were born in Wuchuan military department and had close in-laws with the northern Hu nationality. The core of their policy of softening and imprisoning belonged to progressive national thought politically, so they could inherit and develop the more enlightened national policy since the pre-Qin period. This policy formed the main means for the central dynasty to manage various places in the Tang Dynasty, and was inherited and carried forward by the central government in the subsequent dynasties of Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. These measures can be summarized as follows: (1) politically, according to local conditions, take various forms such as prefectures, counties, prefectures and vassal States; Economically, reduce the taxes of the border ethnic groups, alleviate the oppression and exploitation of all ethnic groups, and strengthen trade activities such as tribute and mutual trade; Woo and treat the leaders of Siyi, attach importance to the generals, strengthen the relationship with Siyi at any time by comforting, appeasing, serving children, rewarding, knighthood, kissing and other means, master the upper class of Siyi, and respect their customs and habits to a certain extent.
It is understandable that the origin of the national attribute of this branch of Qin family is diverse and the origin of surname is complex. Originated from the Jurchen nationality, from the Qin Ren Empress Wu (born) of Jin Taizong. Posthumous title, the ancestor of China, is the surname. Tang Kuo, the queen of Qin people, is a member of the Jurchen Tang Kuo tribe. AD? ~ A.D. 1 143, daughter of Emperor Taizong of Jin, Tang Kuo Arushu, Tai Wei and Wu Huanghou. Tang Kuo's family, also known as Shi and Tao's, takes the Ministry as the surname. After the Jin Emperor La (Xu) ascended the throne, Queen Qin Ren and Queen Qin Xian of Akuta (Min) were both honored as Empress Dowager Tai, with the title of Mingde Palace. Give his father Tang Kuo Aru Shu as Qiu and Song Guogong, his father Tang Kuo Kuan Pi as Da Situ and the Duke of England, and his great-grandfather Tang Kuo Harousseau as Wen Guogong.
In the 14th year of Jintianhui (A.D. 1 136), on the lunar calendar 1, Emperor Xizong of Jin received the Empress Dowager of the two palaces, and then congratulated them in the Imperial Palace, which was a matter of course the following year. In the first year of Emperor Tong of Jin Dynasty (A.D. 1 14 1), Xizong returned to Beijing from Yanjing and respectfully paid a visit to Mingde Yu Palace. Next year, Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty will be like a heavenly palace, giving birth to a prince, and let him report to Queen Qin Ren later. Empress Qin Ren arrived at the main hall and was greeted by Emperor Xizong and Empress Qin Ren. In the third year of Jin Dynasty (A.D. 1 143), the empress Qin Ren collapsed in the palace, and posthumous title Qin Ren was only buried. After the death of Queen Qin Ren, many people in the Tang Kuo tribe of the Jurchen nationality took their first grandmother posthumous title as their surname, which was called Qin Ren's. Because Jin Xizong was taught by Han Yun, a master of Chinese studies, he loved China's poems, especially elegant songs and Confucian clothes. After he ascended the throne, he diligently studied China's classics and carried out a series of reforms on the old system of Nuzhen. In order to cater to Jin Xizong's good sinology, Qin, the provincial bamboo slips of the Tang Dynasty, was changed to the Chinese character Qin, which has long been a surname.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Kuo Department of Jurchen Tang was renamed as Tang Family. After Jin Taizu Tong Nuerhachi unified the Nuzhen ministries, the Tang Kuo Department became a member of the Manchu family. Manchu is Tanggu Hara, and Chinese means "white". It lives in Hada (now Xiaoqing River Valley in Xifeng, Liaoning Province) and Changbai Mountain, and belongs to one of the oldest surnames of Manchu. Later, many Han surnames were Qin, Tang and Tao. Originated from Mongols, Qin Gaoyi, the envoy of Qincha khanate in the Southern Song Dynasty in Mongolia, was given the surname by the emperor. During the Song Dynasty, there was a Qincha khanate in the north of China, which was originally Kecha khanate, with four tribes and eleven tribes. Later, in the 12th year of Jiading, Song Dynasty (13th year of Genghis Khan, AD 12 19), it was captured by Genghis Khan's Mongolian army, and the Qincha khanate was established in its original site, also known as the Golden Account khanate. Later, there were envoys from Qincha Khanate to the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, Emperor Ningzong of the Southern Song Dynasty saw that his envoy was distinguished, personable and exulting, so he gave his surname Qin with the initials of his country name and changed it to Qin Gaoyi, and left an official to serve the royal family and settled his family in Xuchang, Henan.
In the second year of Zhao's reign (the first year of Kuotai of Muyijian khanate in Mongolia, A.D. 1229), the Mongolian army began to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Qin clan split. Most of the descendants fled the war and moved south to Changxing area (now Huzhou, Zhejiang) on the coast of Taihu Lake. At that time, Qin De, the eighth son of Qin Gaoyi, cited the example of Jinshi when he was in power and was appointed as the governor of Huzhou. At the end of the Song Dynasty, in the second year of Emperor Zhao Min's auspicious prosperity (Yuan Shizu to Yuan 16th year, AD 1279), after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, Qin Dezai refused the employment of the Yuan government, claiming to be a long-lived old man and living in seclusion in Biyan Mountain (now Changxing, Huzhou, Zhejiang), but his descendants flourished and spread all over the country. For example, Qin Shuang, a famous ink painter in Taiwan Province, is the 27th grandson of Qin Dezai. He and Qin Ben, a famous newspaper celebrity, are cousins of the same generation.
Later, there were three large-scale immigration movements in Changxing area. The most important time was at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. In order to weaken the remnants of the rulers at the end of Yuan Dynasty, the Zhu Ming Dynasty moved the former Mongolian royal family in Gyeonggi to other places, and some of them moved to the surrounding areas of Taihu Lake. Subsequently, Zhu Yuanzhang also changed his Han surname to "Qin" according to Song Huizong's model, regardless of his original family and surname, and influenced his clan with Qincha Qin, who had been sinicized, and gradually merged into a clan, which became a famous family in Changxing and was handed down from generation to generation. Originated from Manchu, it belongs to Han culture and changed its surname to surname. According to the historical book A Brief History of Manchu Tongzhi Clans and Manchu Eight Banners Surnames, Manchu Chakachin, also known as Chu Kachin, took place names as surnames, Manchu as Keqinhala, and Manchu quantifier "Tu", which means "three years" in Chinese, lived in Baikun (now Arukerqin Banner, Inner Mongolia) and Chukachin (now Erkun, Arukerqin Banner, Inner Mongolia) respectively.
After the mid-Qing Dynasty, the Manchu, Mongolian and Ewenki Chuckqin Duoguan Han surnames were Qin, Chu and Cha. Originated from geographical names, Qinshan, a tributary of Ruhe River in ancient Jiangxi, was named after geographical names. Qinkou Mountain, a famous "magnetic mountain culture Site" at home and abroad, is the Jiao Shan of Fengfeng Mining Area in Wu 'an City under the jurisdiction of Handan City, Hebei Province. The pre-Qin period was Wu Anyi, the famous general of Qin State, and the feudal city of Wu Anjun Bai. Baiqu water is the Fuyang River now. Originated in Qinkou Mountain, it flows through Handan, Xingtai and Hengshui, and is located in xian county and Hutuo River in Cangzhou area. Baiqu water, with a total length of more than 400 kilometers, is still the backbone river with comprehensive functions such as flood control, irrigation, drainage and shipping in Hebei. The history book "Geography before Han Dynasty" records: "Qinkou Mountain, Wu 'an County, Wei County, produces white canal water. "
During the Warring States Period, in Zhao State, residents living in Qinkou Mountain area took the mountain name as their surname, which was called Qinkou family. Later, the provincial bamboo slips were changed to Qin's, which spread from Qin to Han.