Liao's painting art has made outstanding achievements in the history of painting in China. It takes the description of frontier grassland scenery and nomadic riding and shooting life as its theme, and forms the "Northern Grassland Painting School" in China painting circle. The works are rough and bold, and truly reflect the nomadic life on horseback, as well as the four activities of the leaders of the Qidan nationality and the large-scale activities of the leaders of ethnic minorities. Especially in the characterization, it shows the heroic, vigorous and generous national character of the Khitan nationality and ethnic minorities, such as the world-famous Zhuoxietu, which shows the rest scene of the Khitan clan leaders and their knights after hunting and fully embodies the life characteristics of the Khitan nationality. In the description of animals, horses and deer are most closely related to their lives. Horses are the most convenient means of transportation and necessary for hunting, grazing and fighting, while deer is one of the sources of food and clothing, so horses and deer are their most expressive subjects. Their description of horses is unique. "Stick a pen with wolf hair to show it, so as to be slim and healthy." Qian Hu, the son of Gui Hu, inherited his father's painting style, and his "Fan Qitu" has a strong influence on people. When Du Mu went to the border in the Ming Dynasty, he saw Gui Hu's works and said with admiration, "If I hadn't witnessed them, I wouldn't know why.". The deer they describe are kind, playful, alert and lovely, and extremely natural. His painting style has a far-reaching influence on contemporary and later generations. In the late Tang Dynasty, Hanwang Li Xuanying and Li Xuanshen studied his style. In landscape painting, they learned from nature, absorbed the traditional painting methods of the Han nationality in the Central Plains and merged into one painting. For example, the landscape pavilion paintings unearthed from the Liao tomb in Yemaotai, Faku, are in the same strain as the scenery, customs, Dong and Ju. The Bamboo Bird Double Exemption Map directly influenced the Bamboo Bird Map written by Huang Quan and Wang Yuan in Yuan Dynasty. There are many painters in Liao Dynasty, such as Emperor Ye Lubei, Crown Prince Ye Lubei, Bobby Chen, Xiao Yun, a landscape and feather painter in Liao Dynasty, and many unknown tomb mural painters. Their excellent works had a wide social influence in Liao Dynasty.
In the exchange and integration of all ethnic groups, the music and dance of Liao Dynasty also got great development. In Liao Dynasty, there were exorcise dances and witch dances to worship ancestors and gods, as well as large-scale step-singing dances on national festivals. Generally, the large-scale literary dance performed by 66 people and the martial dance performed by 68 people were all learned from the Central Plains. They inherited the Twelve Harmony Music of the Tang Dynasty and integrated its development into the Twelve Harmony Music of their own nation. Music and dance are used in many occasions, such as sacrificial ceremonies, court ceremonies, conferring ceremonies, welcoming foreign guests and ambassadors, entertaining ministers, traveling, hunting, marching and fighting, victory and triumph. According to the History of Liao Dynasty, there were more than 380 musicians and maidens in Liao Dynasty. In addition, according to different uses, there are Sanqu, Daqu, Drum Music, Arowana Opera, Baixi Opera, Jiaodi and so on. As well as large-scale blessing and entertainment activities such as shooting rabbits and shooting willows, which are loved by court folks, monarchs and ministers. Sports activities, of course, include archery, wrestling and cuju competitions. The royal family also has special courtyards in various capitals.
Cultural education is also highly valued. In order to develop national culture, at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Lubugu and Yeludulu referred to Chinese characters, increased or decreased strokes, and created more than 3,000 Chinese characters of Qidan, which was promulgated in 920 AD in the fifth year of Shenshu. About 922-925 AD, Liao Taizu's younger brother stabbed Chinese characters many times, and the Khitan characters created the original characters. By using the methods of Chinese character backcutting and Uighur pinyin, the Khitan small characters with high pinyin were created. These two words were used in Liao and the areas under its jurisdiction for nearly 300 years until 1965438+. There are many calligraphers with excellent calligraphy skills in the Khitan nationality, and both the Khitan language and the Chinese language are superb. For example, the font of Han Kuangsi's epitaph is concise, euphemistic and elegant, which makes people appreciate the long history and grandeur of Yihe School. Liao also attached great importance to Confucianism, observed Confucius and built Confucius temples. Each state, state and county has official schools, state schools and county schools, managed by doctors and assistant professors, offering courses, taking scholars, giving official titles in the ground and serving the country. Buddhist culture and Taoist culture are also widely respected and carried forward. Buddhist temples and Taoist temples are all over the counties, and even the stupa in Liao is the most complete preserved building in China. There are also engraving and printing institutions in Beijing.
The sculpture art of Liao has also made great progress. The stone carvings of Zhen Ji Temple in Shangjing, the stupa of Nanta in Shangjing, the stupa of Gansheng Temple in Zhongjing, and Huayan Temple in Datong have completely preserved the 3l Buddha statues on the altar, with rich figures, natural clothes and colorful colors. The seven buddhas of Fengguo Temple in Liao country have become the representative works of sculpture art in Liao Dynasty. The woodcarving skill is exquisite, and the golden lacquer cypress from White Pagoda in Gyeongju is beautifully carved. The gold and silver carvings of the ancestors of Liao country are also exquisite. Qidan's harness and belt sculptures are famous all over the world when they are luxuriously decorated. Its jade carving ornaments are exquisite and simple, among which the jade carving ornaments that show the theme of nomadic life have always influenced the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, creating a precedent of "spring water and autumn mountains".
Liao's porcelain-making art has also made great progress. Among them, Liao Sancai inherited the Tang Sancai and absorbed it into his own national stunts. Some three-color Buddha statues are as big as real people, and some are 2 to 3 times bigger than real people. According to their status,
Facial expressions and even mental expressions are different, and the image is vivid and vivid. In particular, it is represented by the three-color sitting statues of the Eight Fowa Buddha statue in Liaoxi County and the Liaojin Chengyuan Museum in the suburbs of Beijing. The patterns painted on Liao porcelain are mostly flowers, bees, butterflies, birds, rabbits, deer and other patterns, which are very decorative, cordial, natural and simple.