Win the appreciation of official script works in the world with sincerity
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Compare the similarities of honesty between China and the West.
Both Chinese and western thinkers have affirmed that honesty is the basis of maintaining the development order of human society, and the basic meaning of honesty is honesty.
discrepancy
Due to the differences in social systems and cultural traditions, there are also differences in the ways of honesty between China and the West:
"Theory of Good Nature" and "Theory of Original Sin"
China people's honesty is based on the theory that human nature is good. Confucianism believes that people are born with kindness and a kind "conscience", and the way of honesty can be obtained through cultivation, and honesty comes from people's "conscience".
The western way of honesty is based on the theory of original sin. _ _ _ thinks that human beings are born guilty, so all kinds of disasters come to earth with original sin. Therefore, only by believing that God is the ultimate truth of all things, the embodiment of the best, and the ultimate source of human morality, and that only God can redeem human sins and save human souls, can human beings achieve the best and happiness.
Aurelius Augustine, a famous theologian, believes that we "can only live by faith, and we can only do so. With our faith and prayers, we hope that God who gives us confidence will help us. " He believes that faith comes from God. Augustine, based on "Honesty is wisdom" in the Bible, declared that faith is higher than reason and knowledge, and only faith can give human truth and improve human morality.
"Identity" Ethics and "Contract" Ethics
China's honesty is mainly an "identity" ethics, while westerners' honesty is a "contract" ethics.
In China's ancient natural economy and society, honesty was mainly emphasized in narrow areas such as families, tribes and villages, and it was a patriarchal family ethics in the identity network. The main requirement is the loyalty of subjects to the monarch.
Sincerity, children's obedience to their parents, and wives' loyalty to their husbands are completely a personal attachment relationship, not based on the complete equality of each other's personalities. If subjects, children and wives try to get rid of this attachment, they will be severely punished by the family and the state, and even die.
The way of honesty in the west is a mutually beneficial contract ethics with the development of commodity economy and monetary economy. Western social contract theorists regard honesty as the moral law of human commitment and performance, and combine morality with rule of law. Grotius, a western scholar, pointed out that it is human nature to abide by contracts. When people conclude contracts, civil law comes into being. He believes that "the agreement must be observed" and "guilty must be punished". British political philosopher Thomas &; Middot According to the selfish theory of human nature, Thomas Hobbes believed that people were born selfish and only protected their own interests. Human beings must conclude a social contract, and the state will guide people's behavior through laws to seek common interests. In order to ensure the realization of interests, the contracts already concluded must be fulfilled. He further believes that keeping the contract is the source of justice, there is no justice without the contract, and it is also unjust to keep the contract and not abide by it.
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