Learning basic strokes well is the basic project for learning calligraphy, and you should put more effort into it.
There are many opinions on how many basic strokes there are in Chinese characters. According to ancient legends, there are only eight basic strokes. Practice has proved it to be correct. As long as children truly master these eight basic strokes, all Chinese characters will be able to be written according to the requirements of calligraphy.
Our study is carried out according to the old rules, but there are some changes. Traditionally, when learning the eight basic strokes, we always start with stipples. We found that stipples are more difficult to write, so we started with horizontal strokes instead. This way, from easy to difficult, the effect is better. At the same time, the eight basic strokes are also made into a larger wall chart, using two colors: red and black. The red ones represent the strokes to be learned in this lesson, and the dotted lines are used to mark the stroke routes among the basic strokes to be learned. Another point is that according to the psychological characteristics of the children, when learning basic strokes, do not just write horizontal strokes, but vertical strokes. Just write vertically, but learn with the characters.
1. Horizontal writing style. Horizontal drawing seems relatively simple at first glance, but it is not easy for 5 or 6-year-old children. First, because horizontal drawing has several characteristics that must be grasped; second, it requires mastering a certain method before it can be written; third, it is the first time for children to start writing. As the saying goes: "Everything is difficult at the beginning." Horizontal drawing is the first stroke to be learned, and of course it is more difficult. In order to allow children to understand and master the skills of writing horizontal drawings as soon as possible, horizontal drawings can be divided into two major aspects.
①First understand the basic form of horizontal painting. What does the horizontal painting look like? First, the position of the horizontal drawing is slightly lower on the left and slightly higher on the right; second, the horizontal shape has a square head and a round tail.
② Learn how to write horizontal strokes. To write a horizontal stroke with a square head and a round tail, you need the correct way to use the pen: start the pen against the front; then press the pen toward the lower right; then turn the pen to the front; then move against the front; lift the pen; and press the pen toward the lower right. pen; turn the pen to end.
In order for children to easily master the writing method of horizontal paintings, we have compiled a song like this:
When writing horizontal paintings, remember that the left is slightly lower and the right is slightly higher.
The square head and round tail must be remembered clearly, and the writing must be reversed when going against the lead.
When learning horizontal drawing, you must be patient, spend more time, practice repeatedly, and provide repeated guidance. In order to avoid monotony and make children feel bored, do not let them write horizontally blindly. Instead, they should put the strokes to be explained into complete characters for practice. For example, let the children write: one, two, three, king, soil, etc. Although the writing was not very good at first, with the children's freshness and curiosity, everyone can write very well. vigorously.
One point worth mentioning here is that adults must enthusiastically encourage the children's first written words: "Good! Good! So good!" The homework written by each child They are all willing to deliver it to the teacher in person and want to hear the teacher's praise. At this time, the teacher must take over the homework with his own hands, express his love for it, praise it a lot, and try his best to hang it up so that the children feel happy and inspired, thereby further stimulating their interest in learning and maintaining their enthusiasm for learning. Never show any signs of impatience or depression, and never tear up the homework handed in by the children in front of them.
2． Vertical writing. After you have the foundation of horizontal drawing, it will be much easier to learn vertical drawing. Regarding the basic forms of vertical paintings, we proposed two types: hanging needle vertical and hanging dew vertical, because these are the two most common vertical paintings.
Some people think that teaching children is mainly about letting them remember some basic knowledge, and that understanding skills should not be emphasized. In fact, it is wrong to think so. It is precisely because preschool children have relatively low understanding ability that they should be inspired from this aspect, because understanding ability is also cultivated. Rote teaching methods are absolutely unacceptable. When we teach children to learn to write vertical paintings, we must first carefully review horizontal paintings. At the same time, when reviewing horizontal paintings, we must constantly inspire children to think more about: What are the similarities between the writing methods of vertical paintings and horizontal paintings? And different places? The result of such inspiration and guidance is that children will quickly give a clear answer: the horizontal paintings are horizontal, the vertical paintings are vertical, one of the vertical paintings has a pointed tail, and there is no horizontal painting.
Asked again what they have in common, they said: When writing horizontally or vertically, they have to reverse their strokes. They would also say that the vertical dew looks like a horizontal painting turned upside down, with a square head and a round tail. This is association, this is children using their imagination, this is their ability to understand. It is very important to use this method to educate children and let them connect what they have learned. Over time, it can draw inferences from one example and achieve twice the result with half the effort. This not only increases children's calligraphy knowledge, improves their writing ability, but also develops their intelligence.
The song of this section is:
When writing vertical paintings, remember that there are hanging needles and hanging dew.
The tail of the hanging needle is pointed and pointed, and the hanging tail is round and round.
When writing vertically, write downwards first and then upwards. Don’t forget to write backwards.
On the basis of memorizing the songs, the teacher should lead the children to carefully clarify the lines of vertical paintings according to the handouts prepared in advance, and patiently explain where to go against the trend and where to press. The pen, where should be forward, where should the pen be drawn, where should the pen be raised, where should the pen be paused, where should the pen be returned (put the pen away). The teacher pointed at the wall chart with a teaching stick and asked the children to straighten their right hands and point to the strokes on the wall chart. The teacher and students sang and read together several times. Wait until most of the children can hear and understand clearly before letting them start writing.
When learning vertical drawings, children can practice writing: ten, feng, qian, xia, xing, etc. This not only reviews the horizontal drawings in the previous section, but also brings out what they need to learn in the next section. Sketch the drawings to connect the previous and the following, maintain the coherence of learning and consolidate the learning results.
In order to adjust the learning atmosphere, the teacher can tell the children the story of the blind man breaking corns, and then link them to the question at the end. Don’t be like the blind man who broke off the corns one by one and threw them away. After breaking them for a long time, only one was left. When we learn calligraphy, the same goes for learning basic strokes. Don't learn vertical drawing and forget horizontal drawing. Everything you have learned should be practiced repeatedly and never forgotten.
3. The way of writing. Before learning the writing method of drawing, you still need to carefully review the writing method of vertical painting, especially the writing method of hanging needle vertically with a purpose. If the children really know how to write the hanging needle vertically, it will be quite easy to write the drawing. Just like the ballad in this section:
It is not difficult to write a painting. The needle hangs vertically and turns around, looking like the tip of a war knife.
To say that it is not difficult to write a sketch means that after you learn to hang the needle vertically, it will not be difficult to write a sketch again. Just write the hanging needle vertically as crescent. However, it should be particularly emphasized that if you want to write the writing like the tip of a war knife, you must start writing against the front, press the pen to turn to the front, keep the center, and write against the front, and use the wrist to write like a hanging needle. Power, send the pen to the right place. You can't flick your pen, and you can't pause in the middle. When the stroke is near the end, gradually lift the pen, use the tip of the pen to slowly extend the tip, and then retract the pen empty.
4． The writing method of Nahua.
The painting looks very beautiful, like a goose drinking water.
It has a big belly, a long neck and a pointed tail, and its twists and turns are its skeleton.
Start the pen against the front, spread the front, and draw it sideways naturally.
This is a song for learning to paint. The Na painting is one of the more difficult to write among the eight basic strokes. It looks very nice once done.
In order for children to write this kind of painting, in addition to making full use of the knowledge of the first three strokes, they must make more efforts to explain it carefully and repeatedly, and provide more specific guidance during the writing process. Individual children who make slow progress need to be coached several times. Here we should focus on three key points:
First, there are twists and turns. What is a wave? What is folding? The wave actually refers to the wave. Why is it called a wave? Because the shape of Nahua is a bit like a wave. This is an image metaphor used by the ancients for Na paintings. If you think about it carefully, the painting does look like a stream of water coming down from a high slope. The so-called three folds means that a painting must have three changes. Don’t talk too complicatedly to the children, just say: twists and turns means a stroke with three twists and turns, that’s all. Of these three turns, the first turn is the shortest, the second turn is the longest, and the third turn is flat.
The requirement for calligraphy must be three folds. One fold more than one fold or less than one fold is considered a bad pen.
Second, start against the trend and spread the word.
After understanding the twists and turns, I understood the general line of writing and clearly saw the skeleton of Na paintings. However, writing calligraphy requires more than just a skeleton, it must be flesh and blood. When we talk about going against the front and starting from the front, we are talking about the method of writing. Just follow the twists and turns route. After starting the stroke, you stroke a little, which means you have completed the first fold. Then you gradually spread the stroke along the slope from the upper left to the lower right, that is to say, the stroke gradually spreads from light to heavy. Open, the written strokes go from thin to thick, and when they reach the thickest, the task of the second fold is completed.
Third, pull out sideways. This is a unique brushwork technique for writing and painting. Pulling flat is the end of the second fold; after the beginning of the third fold, the pen tip pauses for a moment, and then pulls out the tip horizontally. Side-out means that while pulling flatly, the pen tip should rotate in a clockwise direction to become a side-forward, allowing the pen tip to come out along the upper side of the third fold.
The word "pull" used here is a special action for drawing. Why is it called pulling? Due to calligraphy requirements, the tip of the elbow is not allowed to move during writing in any stroke other than the N stroke (except for the hanging elbow). Only when writing and painting are you allowed to move.
In order for children to see clearly every process of writing and drawing, it is best to use their hands instead of writing and perform on the blackboard. The method is for the teacher to gather the five fingers of the right hand together and say to the children: This is a big brush with only five hairs. Then, the thumb is gradually drawn upward, and the tip of the middle finger is pressed against the upper side. The five fingers are pulled flat on one side and gradually come together on the other side, pulling out the tip. Tell the children: Look! This is the side pull out.
The pulling method is said to have been left behind by the calligraphy sage Wang Xizhi.
When Wang Xizhi was young, he studied calligraphy very hard. One day, all the other strokes were almost done, and only the Na painting was very unsatisfactory. So he hid in the study room in the back garden and concentrated on studying how to write the paintings well. I wrote, I wrote, I don’t know how many times I wrote, but it was still not ideal. Seeing that it was already noon, Wang Xizhi even forgot to eat and kept writing. His wife was afraid that Wang Xizhi would be hungry, so she rushed to bring him food. The lady walked into the study with the food and said softly when she entered the door: "Stop writing now, wash your hands and eat!" Wang Xizhi was so focused on writing that he didn't hear it at all. The lady smiled secretly, took a few steps forward, and said, "Let's eat!" Wang Xizhi still didn't hear. The lady thought to herself: I am so fascinated! So he slowly walked up to Wang Xizhi with the food in hand, grabbed his right sleeve, gently tugged on it and said, "Let's eat!" When a very beautiful painting came out, Wang Xizhi was so happy that he shouted: "Okay!" He almost knocked the food away. From then on, the saying "pucking" remained.
After telling this story to children, it can cheer up their spirits and stimulate their interest.
5． Stipple writing. Having learned how to draw horizontally, vertically, horizontally, and vertically, it will be much easier to learn dot painting. People generally have this view on the writing method of dot painting. They think that when you pick up a pen, dip it in ink, and press it smoothly, you will get a good dot painting. In fact, this is wrong. You must make it clear to children that any stroke in calligraphy is not It can be written casually at once, but it can be written through several processes. The same is true for stippling. When writing some paintings, you also need to start writing against the trend, and you also need to press the strokes, line the strokes, pause the strokes, and return to the front. Only in this way can the stipples written in this way be full, round, and full of variety, and they can be living strokes, not a dead lump. In order to write a good dot painting, we wrote such a song for the children:
A dot painting is like a big melon seed, like a frog without legs,
The pen goes against the trend and makes a big turn. It's like drawing a flat circle.
When writing stippling, you should pay attention to the following three points:
First, do not expose the edge when starting the pen, that is, enter the pen against the edge. Be careful not to make the stippling too sharp when pressing the pen. The "frog"'s mouth is too pointed and it is not a frog.
Second, the stipples should be written with a flat belly and a rounded back. That is to say, the frog's belly is flat and its back is round. Be careful not to write with a concave belly. That is called a sick pen. Calligraphy is very taboo.
Third, the ballad says: It’s like drawing a flat circle, but you must never draw it. Drawing and writing are two completely different things. Painting is often done smoothly and straightly, while writing is done in a straight line. It relies on the strength of the wrist to lift, press, pause and set down. So it's just like, but it doesn't mean it's the same.
When instructing children to write dot paintings, they can write the following words: jade, ling, jiang, ban, etc.
6． Pick the writing method of painting.
The difference between picking strokes and other strokes is that you can start the pen with the front exposed, then press the pen to the lower right, then turn to the upper right, then forward, and then move to the upper right. The ballad of writing pick painting is:
Writing pick painting is like making a check mark, starting the pen with a bare edge and spreading it out,
turning the front half circle upward, and picking out the tip on the upper right side.
The writing and painting mentioned here is like making a check mark, which refers to the line of writing and painting. When turning the front upward, you must use a combination of wrist strength and hand twisting of the pen barrel. Before picking out the upper right front, you must turn the front. When making a forward strike, be sure not to strike from the side. The strokes made by the side forward are not only prone to jagged and uneven lower sides, but also lack strength, thickness, and roundness.
There are two basic shapes of pick paintings. One is like a short pick placed upside down, which is called straight pick; the other is like adding a small short pick to the upper right end of the stipple painting, so it is called dot pick, and some are also called pick dots. If you know how to write some paintings and pick some paintings, you will naturally be able to write some picks.
In this section, children can be asked to write the words: Yi, Da, Ci, He, etc.
7. The writing method of left hook. This stroke was originally called Jue painting. What does the word Jue mean? Why is it called Jue painting? I read a lot of books but couldn't get a clear answer. Only one book said that "Jue" means to bend over. A person who bends over with his toes pointed forward is Jue. To be clear, we call it the left hook. Since there is a hook underneath, we call it the right hook to show the difference.
The left hook and the right hook are actually compound strokes, that is to say, they are two strokes put together. Hook painting can only be combined with vertical or horizontal painting, otherwise it will not be able to express its shape.
At first glance, hook painting seems difficult to write. In fact, if you are more proficient in horizontal and vertical paintings, hook painting is very easy to write. To write a left hook like this, you actually need to write a vertical painting first, start writing against the front, then move forward, move, lift, pause, and return. Adjust the pen edge and then strike to the left, which is a good hook. The song goes like this:
The left hook is like an inverted goose head, with the top flat and the bottom rounded "Ben'er head".
Use a large backstroke to the end of the vertical stroke, and use force to pick it out to the left.
Because our tutoring is based on facial expressions, the facial expressions pay attention to the goose head and swallowtail - the hook picture looks like a goose head, and the nip picture looks like a swallowtail, so special attention should be paid to the upper edge when writing the hook picture. The lower edge is rounded, and you need to use your wrist and fingers to twist the pen barrel to write.
Can be written; Ding, Yu, Zi, Cun, etc.
8． The writing method of right hook. Once you learn how to hook left and right, it won't be a problem, because the left and right hooks basically look the same, but in opposite directions, one facing left and the other facing right. However, it needs to be made clear that there is a straight hook in the right hook. Its shape is very different from the left hook. It is like adding a short pick under the vertical painting, such as "长", "food", "民" and other characters. . Because I have already learned how to write vertical paintings and pick paintings, I can understand it just by saying it. This straight hook can be written in two strokes when you first start writing it. Once you are familiar with it, it will naturally be written in one stroke.
The song in this section is like this:
The right hook and the left hook are very similar, but in different directions.
The center makes a round turn with his pen. The tip of the pen is pointed upward.
As mentioned before, the writing method of right hook is the same as the writing method of left hook, just reverse the direction. The left hook should be written as a flat top with a round bottom as "Ben'er Tou", and the right hook should be written as a straight inside with a round bottom as "Ben'er Tou".
When practicing, you can write the words Xian, Yuan, Jiu, Xin, etc.
Basic strokes, this is the end. Next, continue to learn the shape changes, basic structure, composition, etc. of these eight basic strokes.
Learning must be done step by step, from shallow to deep, and step by step. It requires both strides and steady progress.
Since we always learn strokes in complete characters, after learning the eight basic strokes, most children will be able to write some characters with simple strokes. Although the children are young, they have a strong desire for knowledge. I often feel envious when I look at the words written by teachers, books, magazines, newspapers, and plaques on the street. I always want to give it a try and write it myself. Teachers and parents must not pour cold water on children's behavior, let alone criticize easily, but provide correct guidance. Although it is wrong to rush for success, on the surface, it seems that you are not listening to the teacher's guidance. If you think about it carefully, this is exactly the result of our teaching, which shows that the children are really interested in calligraphy.
In order to meet the children's requirements, several reviews should be planned and purposefully arranged during the learning process of basic strokes, and the children should be asked to write the four characters "Peace in the World". In the eyes of the children, this is a very important, glorious and "enjoyable" thing. They feel that they can "write as fast as the teacher", and they feel happy. In fact, the teacher intentionally asked them to review horizontal, vertical, left, right, and dot to further consolidate their learning results, because after learning these five strokes, some characters can be written. For example, "Tian Xia Tai Ping" contains exactly these five strokes. When writing, we need to strengthen guidance and continue to encourage. After writing, all the papers must be hung in the classroom and corridors, marked with a big red pen, and some even stamped with a big red flower seal, so that the children can see for themselves and let the children read. For parents, it not only plays a role of encouragement, but also serves as a comparison and competition. It also makes it easier for teachers to grasp the overall learning situation and for parents and teachers to communicate with each other. After learning all eight strokes, arrange several "creation" classes for a comprehensive review, which is also a final exam. You can write something like "a thousand miles with a day", "a small person has a big ambition", "calligraphy will last forever", "long live the motherland" and so on. This not only consolidates the learning results of basic strokes, but also lays a good foundation for the next step of learning the morphological changes of basic strokes and learning the basic structure.