1. Take two ancient examples from the Four Things to Remember
1. Young and frivolous Su Dongpo read some books when he was young. Because of his intelligence, he was often praised by his teachers. He was quite praised. Conceitedly, he posted a couplet in front of his house: "Know the Chinese characters all over the world, read all the books in the world." After his mother Cheng came back, she criticized Su Shi, so Su Shi changed the couplet to "Know the Chinese characters all over the world, determined to read all the books in the world." 2. Su Shi "deceived" his teacher Su Shi to pass the Jinshi examination and wrote a Spring and Autumn article called "The Theory of Loyalty and Honesty in Punishments and Rewards", which contains the following paragraphs: In the time of Yao, Gao Tao was When a scholar was about to kill someone, Gao Tao said, "Kill three times," and Yao said, "Excuse me three times." Therefore, the world feared Gao Tao's firmness in enforcing the law, but liked Yao's lenient punishment. Siyue said, "Gun can use it," but Yao said, "No "Gun ordered the tribe to be killed", and then he said "try it". How could Yao not listen to Gao Tao's killing, but follow the four mountains to use Gun? However, the meaning of the saint can also be seen. The judge at that time, Mei Shengyu, admired Su Shi's article very much, but anyone with historical knowledge knows that Gao Tao was Shun's judicial officer. Is it related to Yao? Mei Shengyu didn't understand this. After reading it several times, he asked Su Shi. Su Shi said that the answer was in "Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Kong Rong". However, after Mei Shengyu read it many times, he still couldn't find the source, so he I went to ask Su Shi again. Su Shi had to answer honestly that it was his own fabrication. Mei Shengyu was even more puzzled. Su Shi said that in the "Three Kingdoms·Kong Rong Biography", Kong Rong told Cao Cao that King Zhou of Shang rewarded Daji to Duke Zhou, and Cao Cao When asked if this happened, Kong Rong replied that it exists today, and it should also exist in ancient times. Su Shi then fabricated such a story based on it, which made Mei Shengyu appreciate Su Shi even more. 3. Dongpo Rou When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, There is a famous limerick "Ode to Pork": "Huangzhou has good pork, but the price is as low as dirt. The rich refuse to eat it, and the poor don't know how to cook it. Slow down the fire and use less water. When the heat is sufficient, it will become beautiful. Get up and take a shot every day." Bowl, you are so full that you don't care." The "slow fire, less water, and when the fire is sufficient, it will be beautiful" is the famous Dongpo pork cooking method. Su Dongpo later served as the prefect of Hangzhou and was loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Pork" also followed suit, becoming famous in Hangzhou and becoming a famous local dish. 4. Su Shi checked out Su Shi lived in Changzhou. He spent the last bit of his savings and bought a house, and was preparing to move there someday. When he checked in, by chance, he heard an old woman crying very sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been passed down for hundreds of years and was sold by unfilial descendants, so she was crying sadly. Asked carefully Then, it turned out that the house Su Shi bought was the old house that the old woman said was passed down from her ancestors. So Su Shi said to her: "My former residence is for sale by me. There is no need to be deeply sad. Now I should give this house back to me." Su Shi said to her. He immediately burned the deed of the house and just rented a house to live in. 5. Reciting poems and going to a banquet. When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to the capital for scientific examination. Six conceited scholars looked down on him and decided to prepare wine and food for Su Shi to attend a banquet in order to tease him. Su Shi happily went after accepting the invitation. Before he even moved his chopsticks when he was seated, everyone proposed a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that he could have a plate of food alone. The other five people cheered loudly. "I'll come first." The older one said: "Jiang Ziya fishes on the Wei River!" After saying this, he took away a plate of fish. "Qin Shubao sells horses in Chang'an!" The second one took away the horse meat with dignity. "Su Ziqing shepherded sheep in Beihu!" He took the mutton without showing any signs of weakness. "Zhang Yide sells meat in Zhuo County!" The fourth hurriedly stretched out his hand to pick up the meat. "Guan Yunchang Jingzhou scrapes the bones!" The fifth couldn't wait to snatch the bones. "Zhuge Lianglong "Chinese vegetables!" The sixth one arrogantly picked up the last vegetable. When all the vegetables were finished, the six people were happily preparing to eat and laugh at Su Shi, but Su Shi calmly chanted: "Qin Shihuang annexed Six Kingdoms!" After saying that, he put all six dishes in front of him and said with a smile: "Brothers, please come!" The six people were dumbfounded. 6. When the outstanding Su Shi took the exam in the capital, the presiding officer was the famous Northern Song Dynasty literary master Ouyang Xiu. When reviewing and approving the papers, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous writing style. To prevent favoritism, the examination papers at that time were all anonymous. So although Ouyang Xiu wanted to choose this article as the first, he felt that this article was very important. As written by his disciple Zeng Gong, he was afraid of being true to the facts, so he ended up ranking second. It was not until the ranking was published that Ouyang Xiu knew that the author of the article was Su Shi. After knowing the true situation, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi had no intention of caring about it at all. Ouyang Xiu was amazed by Su Shi's generosity and outstanding talent: "Such a young talent should really be put on the map and officially accept Su Shi as his disciple. 7. Family gathering After Su Shi ranked second in high school, the three fathers and sons of the Su family In addition to the three difficulties, Qin
Su Xiaomei's family, who is famous for her frequent outings, gathered in the garden to celebrate. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, decided to use the two words "cold and fragrant" as the theme. Each person wrote two poems, asking them to match the scene at that time. To take the lead, Su Laoquan Slowly walking to the flower pond, he chanted: "The cold water flows from the edge of the stone, and the wind comes from the flowers to bring fragrance." Shaoyou stood up and picked fragrant wintersweet petals, flicked his fingers and said, "The cold words are unknown. The plum blossoms are all over your fingers and are fragrant." The younger sister also went to pick flowers. Shaoyou wanted to laugh at him for imitating her, but the younger sister said: "The cuckoos in the sun have cold mouthpieces, and the flowers in the night are fragrant in the dreams of butterflies." After saying this, he opened his palms, and a butterfly He had been pinched to death. His daughter's characteristics were revealed, and everyone applauded in unison. However, Su Shi brushed the stone bench with his belt and rode away. Su Laoquan shouted: "My son, don't leave if you can't answer the question." Before he finished speaking, After falling, Su Shi had already floated two sentences in a long voice: "I came to sit on the stone and my clothes were cold, and when I came back from stepping on the flowers, the smell of horseshoes was fragrant"! Although this is a legend, its credibility cannot be tested, but it can also give us a glimpse of Su Shi's talent. 8. Beating cakes to worship Buddha Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian lived in Jinshan Temple. One day, they beat flour cakes to eat. The two agreed that this The first time they made cakes, they did not tell the Buddha's seal in the temple. After a while, the cakes were cooked, and they counted the number. They first presented the cakes to the seat of Guanyin Bodhisattva, bowed diligently, and prayed. Unexpectedly, the Buddha's seal had been hidden in the temple in advance. In the divine tent, while the two of them were kneeling to pray, Su Shi reached out and stole two pieces of bread. After Su Shi finished praying, he stood up and saw that two pieces of bread were missing. "Why don't you come out to meet me?" Foyin replied in the tent: "If I have some noodles, I will make some with you. How dare you come to disturb me?" 9. Reciting poems and admiring the moon. Su Dongpo was in Hangzhou. He liked it. He made friends with the monk of Xihu Temple. He was the best friend with the monk Foyin of Jinshan Temple. They often joked while drinking and reciting poems. The monk Foyin was delicious. Whenever Su Dongpo entertained guests at banquets, he always came uninvited. One day In the evening, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian. 2. Classical Chinese translation of "Don't Forget the Fundamentals"
Original text Yin Zhongkan lived in Jingzhou and was very frugal. He often ate five bowls of food, with no food left on the outside. The grains of rice fell off the plate and he would pick them up and eat them. Even if you want to take care of things, it is because of their true nature. The disciples of each language said: "Don't think that I was appointed to Fangzhou, because I have changed my mind in the past, but it is not easy for me now. Poor people, like ordinary scholars, how can they climb branches and damage their roots! You can save them." (De Xing No. 1/40)
Translation: Yin Zhongkan was the governor of Jingzhou. When he took office, there was a flood and a bad harvest. He ate five bowls of vegetables for each meal, and there was no other delicacy. Every grain of rice dropped on the table, and he had to pick it up. Get up and eat. Although he did this out of intention to set an example, it was also due to his simple nature. He often said to his disciples: "Don't think that just because I am a governor of a state, you should think that I will abandon my usual will and integrity. Now, it is not easy for me to be in this position. Poverty is the duty of a scholar. How can I be on the top? Gao Zhi has abandoned its roots! You must remember this truth." 3. 30 Extracurricular Classical Chinese Essays and Answers
1. "Poems and Paintings Pay Attention to People" (Wang Shizhen) (Weifang City 2002 Middle School) School Admissions Examination) It has been said that poetry, calligraphy and painting are all based on people. The ink written by Su and Huang has been passed down to this day, and every word is gold. .
Uncle Yong said that all the people in ancient times were able to write, but the sages of their own were passed down far and wide. Although Yan Lugong ④ was not good at writing, future generations will definitely treasure it. It is not a unique book. . Poetry and prose all belong to this category.
(Selected from "Appreciation of Leisure Essays of the Ming and Qing Dynasties") Notes: ① Wang Shizhen, a poet of the Qing Dynasty. ②Mean gold, good gold worth several times the value of ordinary gold.
③ Zhang Dun, Jing, and Bian, Jing refers to Cai Jing, and Bian refers to Cai Bian. The three of them were all ministers of the Northern Song Dynasty and were good at calligraphy. ④ Yan Lugong is Yan Zhenqing.
He was granted the title of Duke of Lu State and was known as "Yan Lu Gong". Gong calligraphy, self-created and integrated, has a great influence on later generations, and is known as "Yan Ti".
18. The usage of "ran" in the following sentences is different from the use of "ran" in the other three sentences: ( ) (2 points) A. It means lying down relaxedly B. It belongs to poetry It's all the same C. Mixed but old D. Yellow hair hanging down and enjoying oneself 19. Explain the dotted words in the following sentences. (2 points) (1) A penny cannot be straight: (2) A must-have treasure for future generations: 20. Translate the following sentences.
(4 points) (1) Translation based on the excrement of later generations: (2) Everyone in ancient times was able to write, but only the sage Chuan Suiyuan’s translation: 21. The following understanding of the article One of the errors related to the analysis is ( ) (2 points) A. The author believes that whether poems, articles, calligraphy, and paintings are valued by others is related to people's character. B. The author believes that the calligraphy and painting works of Su Shi and Huang Tingjian have been handed down not only because of their high skills.
C. The author believes that Zhang Dun, Cai Jing, Cai Bian and others are also people who are good at calligraphy. D. The author believes that Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is actually not good, and the reason why later generations like it is because of Yan Zhenqing's good moral character.
22. Fill in the blanks. (4 points) (1) The "Su" in "Su, Huang" refers to Su Dongpo, a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
His poem "Shui Tiao Ge Tou·When will the bright moon come" has been sung throughout the ages. The last two sentences of ", , ." express the author's longing for and wishes for his relatives.
(2 points) (2) Yongshu, also known as Ouyang Xiu, also known as Yongshu, was a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the junior high school textbook, his "The Drunkard's Pavilion" describes the four seasons of scenery in the mountains: wild fields are fragrant and fragrant, wind and frost are noble, and are the four seasons of the mountains.
(2 points) 2. Read selected passages from classical Chinese and complete questions 4 to 13. (15 points) (Taiyuan City High School Entrance Examination Questions in 2002) [A] Guanfu Baling Shengzhuang, at a lake in Dongting.
, the vast water is endless, the morning light is overcast, and the weather is myriad. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.
Predecessors’ descriptions have been prepared. 4 Fill in the original text on the line in paragraph (A).
(1 point) The content described in paragraph 5 (A) is (1 point) 6 "Hui" in "Zhaohui Xiyin", which means (1 point) 7 Please write two sentences about junior high school lessons For the famous ancient poem lines that I have learned that contain the word "Ya", it is required that the "Ya" in the sentence has the same meaning as the "Ya" in paragraph (A) of "Heng Wujiya". (2 points) Answer: [B] The more I hear about it, the more sad I become.
Confucius said: "A harsh government is as fierce as a tiger." I have always doubted this, but now that Chiang has seen it, I still believe it.
Woohoo: Who knows that Fu Lian’s poison is like a snake? Therefore, it is said that one can get it by observing people's demeanor. Paragraph 8 (B) quotes Confucius' famous saying: "A harsh government is fiercer than a tiger."
Confucius also has a famous saying about learning methods. Please write down a sentence you have learned in junior high school class. (1 point) Answer: 9 Paragraph (B) contains the main sentence of the article "Snake Catcher's Theory". Please explain its meaning in modern Chinese.
(2 points) Answer: 10 The word "guan" in "Now I will observe it with Jiang" in paragraph (b) has the same meaning as the word "guan" in the sentence in paragraph (a). (1 point) [C] A horse that can travel a thousand miles can eat as much grain or stone as it eats.
Those who eat horses don’t know that they can travel thousands of miles to eat. Although this horse can run a thousand-mile, it is not full of food, lacks strength, and its talent and beauty are not visible, and it is impossible to be as good as an ordinary horse. How can you expect it to be able to run a thousand-mile? 11 Please connect paragraph (C) with the full text and write the main theme sentence of "Horse Theory".
(1 point) Answer: 12. Write two famous lines from ancient poems that contain the word "see" that you have learned in junior high school classes. The "see" in them is the same as the "see" in the underlined sentence in paragraph (C). "The usage is the same. (2 points) Answer: 13 In relation to today’s real life, please change your perspective and talk about your views on talent issues.
(3 points) Answer: 3. With the help of notes and reference books, read "Frustrated Reading and Intensive Thoughts", understand the general idea, and then answer the questions. (7 points) Reading Tips: Zhu Xi was a famous philosopher and educator in ancient my country. He had rich experience in scholarship and lectures.
"Reading thoroughly and thinking deeply" is a reading method summarized by the author by absorbing the reading experience of his predecessors. It still has reference significance today. Although the article is in classical Chinese, it is clear, easy to understand and catchy to read.
Thoughts on Familiar Reading (Excerpt) □ Zhu Xi (High School Entrance Examination in Yichang City, Hubei Province in 2002) When studying, you must straighten out a few cases, put your money neatly, put the books neatly, straighten your body, and read the books carefully. ①Look at the characters, and ②break them down and read them clearly. It is necessary to read every word resoundingly, not to miss a word, not to miss a word, not to add a word, not to miss a word, and not to memorize it in a far-fetched manner③. It just needs to be recited several times so that it will be naturally catchy and will not be forgotten for a long time.
The ancients said, "After reading a book a thousand times, its meaning will be apparent to you." If you are familiar with it, you will know its meaning by yourself without any explanation.
Yu Chang said that there are three ways to read, namely the heart, A and B.
If the mind is not here, the eyes will not look carefully. The mind will not be focused, but will only read rambles. It will never be memorized, and it will not be memorized for a long time.
Among the three, the most urgent one is ⑤. Now that the heart is there, won’t the eyes and mouth not care? ①[Details] Be careful and calm.
②[子] corresponds to "子". The same below.
③[Forced memorization] Barely memorized. ④[Romantic] Casually.
⑤[Urgent] It’s important. 1. Annotate the pinyin for the word "jian" in "Read it a thousand times and the meaning will become apparent".
(1 point) ________2. Among the classical Chinese words we have learned, which other words have the same meaning as the word "yu" dotted in the article? Please write one. (1 point)_____________3. According to the context, fill in one word in each of the two boxes A and B in the text.
(1 point) ______ _ _________4. Write the general meaning of the sentence "It doesn't need explanation, you know its meaning by yourself". (2 points)_______________________________________________________________ 5. You must be good at accumulation when reading.
The ancients had many famous sayings about reading. Have you accumulated them? Please write any sentence. (2 points)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Read the next.