The Origin of Dong Criminals

Dong1551-1612 Linyi people have a wish. In the second year of Wanli (1574), he was a scholar, and the official came to do miss in Taibu Temple. At the age of seven, he was able to write, calligraphy clock, king, worry, Chu, rice bumps, bald, and won the god of the right army. Together with Dong Qichang, Mi Wanzhong, Zhang Ruitu, Zhang Hang and Midong, they are called "Four Great Masters in the Late Ming Dynasty". North Korea and Ryukyu attach great importance to their books, which cost the same as gold. Occasionally, I intend to write a volume, long pine and bamboo, and the touch-up is clear. Generally speaking, I imitate the brushwork of Wang Mian and Wang Meng, and so does his writing of Zhu Mo's comprehensive works. Write a collection of torii, carve stone with ink, and say, come to torii to post it. Handed down from ancient times, there is a fan of "Imitating Wang Meng's Boxing Stone Map", which is now in the Palace Museum; In the thirty-ninth year of Wanli (16 1 1), the axis of Man Shi Tu was made in satin ink, which is now in Nanjing Museum (there is also one in Osaka Municipal Art Collection, Japan, which seems to be an imitation, pending inspection); The fan of Acorus gramineus is in Osaka City Art Museum, Japan. He is the author of "Seto Bird Pavilion Collection", and the ink carved stone is "Seto Bird Pavilion Post".

Xing Dong's poems are different from those of Li, Du Fu, Wang and Cen. They are classic and elegant, but they are often used unwisely. In 1957, he followed the Tang Dynasty and followed the ancient customs of the Han and Wei Dynasties, such as the recumbent song, which was quite "Jian 'an style". After the scale, the son is willing to promote a generation, which is synonymous. Huang Ke Kun, a friend of Jinjiang, said: "In my spare time, I sang with (Ziyuan), and every poem came to me, and I thought,' There is a good word in it'. For example, when Yi Yin saw Mrs Xing, she felt worse than herself. "I wish there were more than 500 poems, which were also included in the complete works.

In the painting, "I write rolling stones, sedges, pine and bamboo, and the game is embellished." Luo Luo sees its elegance and generally imitates the brushwork of Shu Ming and Bird. " I don't ask for a foreman, but I can adapt slightly, but I am also natural and graceful. But his appreciation and understanding of painting shows his cultivated taste, which is not difficult to see in his inscriptions on some famous paintings. Such as "De" and "Shen's Painting". And his "On Flowers and Fruits in Shen Zhou" said: "Three strokes and five strokes are better. Although the pen is neat and colorful, it is wonderful, and it is hard to come by. " Freehand flower-and-bird painting in Ming Dynasty is a period of great development of ink freehand brushwork, which advocates beauty and elegance, emphasizes "morale" and "bookish spirit" and belongs to the literati painting system. Can it be said that "three strokes and five strokes win the gods" is a precedent for "eight mountain people" in theory? Xing Dong devoted himself to poetry, calligraphy and painting all his life, and made less efforts in painting, but it can be said that it is not humble. Xing Dong learned from other people's strengths and made a great impact in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The beauty of its clinic is mainly Zhong, Suo and Wang, especially the book of the right army, which has won the essence of the right army. He himself said: "I have been sitting and lying with you Junshu for decades before I can join the WTO." In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, scholar Youhe Tang Motuo said: "In modern times, Xing Zi was willing to write books and study two kings, and his brushwork always seemed to mean seventeen articles;" In other words, the volume of the book and the traces of Wang Tie can be said to be extremely interested in copying. Song and Qi Dynasties, calligraphy declined, Wei and Jin Dynasties swept the floor. This is no longer an overnight thing. It was the public (Dong) who got rid of bad habits and pursued less. No matter what its essence is, that is, its determination, it is superior. "

Xing Dong's cursive script and seal script are wonderful. He is good at cursive script. In his later years, he was especially good at Cao Zhang. At that time, it was called "East-South Prosperity" with Dong Qichang, and "Zhang Xing Mi Dong" with Mi Wanzhong. There are four books handed down from generation to generation, such as Zhi Tie, Lun Shu, Ancient Poetry Volume and Linjin Rentie. Besides the Palace Museum, today's London Museum, Japan and Southeast Asian countries all have their books. Xing Dong's calligraphy achievements have been recognized by the society. In particular, its running script has been diagnosed at home and abroad. In the Wanli Order, Xing Dong entered the exhibition, with applause as reward, and ordered the woman to learn books, so she gave paintings. Xing Sima Jun went to Korea. He has the wife of Li Zhuangyuan and asked Shu Zi to be his disciple. He hates being a woman and can't enter China. When Zhu Zongbo went to the embassy, he brought two running scripts and bought gold at the same price. The Ryukyu messenger paid tribute and wanted to stay a few more days before buying Xing Shucai. Today, the London Museum has its traces in Japan and Southeast Asian countries. In addition to the Palace Museum, Shanghai, Changchun, Sichuan, Hubei and other museums have relics; The Taiwan Province Provincial Museum has six books and a lotus petal Guanyin statue of its sister Ci Jing. Unfortunately, in Linyi, his hometown, after the storm, there is only one ink main hall in Xing Dong Memorial Hall.

Xing Dong wrote his own characteristic works in his later years, mostly letters, which were not widely circulated, so the social impact was not great; In addition, being in the hinterland and having little contact with the outside world, its influence is far less than that of other calligraphers. But Ming Sijia's "Xing, Zhang, Mi and Dong", from the meteorological point of view of calligraphy, the other three are all caught. Qing Daoguang Linyi County Order and Minnan Mo Shuchun wrote couplets for Laiqin Pavilion.

1September 1998, the third international symposium on the history of calligraphy in China was held in Macau. Mr. Wang Yuchi, an expert in calligraphy history, attended the meeting. The title of his thesis is Xingdong, a calligraphy town in northern China in the late Ming Dynasty, and its Bird Pavilion. This article is included in the Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the History of Calligraphy in China, published by Culture Press 1998. In this paper, Xing Dong and Seo Bird Pavilion posts are properly evaluated. He said, "In the middle period, Xing Dong made great achievements in pursuing the two kings. In his later years, he achieved mastery through a comprehensive study and entered the realm of transformation Among them, learning and popularizing Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has the greatest influence. He can learn their form and spirit from these two kings; His calligraphy and engraving of "Lainiao Pavilion Post" is one of the famous ancient posts. Among them, Wang Youjun's Seventeen Posts and Clarification Posts are the most expensive. This post is of enlightening and positive significance for purifying and refining Wang Shu, improving people's understanding of Wang Shu and even inheriting the whole calligraphy tradition. Xing Dong is a unique model in the Ming Dynasty and has irreplaceable significance. " He also said: "In the late Ming Dynasty, except Huang Daozhou, Wang Duo and Ni in the same year, the four most famous calligraphers were Xing (Dong), Zhang (Ruitu), Mi () and Dong Qichang. Xing Dong is not only the head of the four schools, but also called Northern Dong with Dong Qichang, which shows its high status and great influence. However, unlike some calligraphers, Xing, Zhang, Mi and Dong have no entanglements in style, region, genre and personal relationship, but four schools with their own characteristics coexist. Therefore, every calligrapher must study independently. " Then Mr. Wang made a detailed discussion on Xing Dong's life, character and calligraphy achievements. The second half of the article is the analysis of Lainiao Pavilion posts, focusing on the comments on the Tang people's double hook seventeen posts and clarification hall posts. He spoke highly of Xing Dong's calligraphy and stone carving, which he created in the middle and late period. This stone was also an inkstone hidden by Xu in Linyi County in Qing Dynasty. The content is that Xing Dong's tutor went to Beijing from Dong 'e and passed through Linyi, bringing a lot of chrysanthemums, and Xing Dong gave back the homemade Saussurea involucrata wine. Its text says: Yicheng is here today, with sixty yellow flowers and colorful colors; The servant rewarded me with 20 liters of sherry. Aocheng, Dong 'e. This is a running script, but it has become a masterpiece. Mr. Wang Yuchi commented: "The pen is dripping, the turning point is round and decisive, and the book style is vigorous and heroic. "In the calligraphy of the two kings, it seems to be closer to Xiao Wang. This is unique among calligraphers in the late Ming Dynasty. "