Cai Xin (1707- 1799) was a minister of the Qing dynasty. The word Ciming,no. Geshan, is from Zhangpu, Fujian. Qianlong Jinshi, Jishi Shu native, editor-in-chief, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry. In thirty-two years (1767), Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry was placed under the Ministry of Rites. Forty-five years, with the official department minister as the co-organizer. Forty-eight years, Wenhua Hall University, official department minister. He is meticulous in his work and will be faithful to etiquette in his words and deeds. He is also good at ancient prose, which won the trust of Qianlong. He takes benevolence as his religion and indifference as his priority. He compiled the words such as worry, nourishing heart, intention and seeking peace from the former Confucianism into a book, which became a record of things. At the end of the article, he died and wrote "Ji Zhai Shi Wen Ji".
The story of Cai Xin, Weng Fanggang and Bai Qian;
It's just that Fang Gang was the first person to be recorded in the jiangnan province exam of Fang Gang Temple the previous autumn. Story: After the ceremony, a group of three people visited the temple, and the worshippers became in Yilun Hall, and the three people spent time among the flowers. The equipment used is a golden flower to be taken back to Premier University. It is normal to be 20 years old. Cai Gong, a great scholar in Zhangpu at that time, just said, "This three yuan is for you as a scholar, and now you have given it to me yourself. This flower belongs to you. " So Fang Gang wrote three-dimensional poems and three-dimensional flower songs, and wrote three-dimensional exams since the Tang and Song Dynasties. At that time, there were many poets, and it was Wu who wrote the board. (Weng Fanggang: The title of Wu Men Ji is the preface to the second volume, and Li's engraving Fu Chu Zhai has four leaves10; Wen Haiying One Page Book 177)
Press: Xin Chou is 46 years, 17 1 year.
2. How did the Qing royal family educate the prince? The tradition of attaching importance to the education of princes in Qing dynasty began with the saints in Qing dynasty, which should be related to their early experiences.
When the Holy Father ascended the throne at the age of six, he did not receive a systematic education. He can only learn to read sentences and calligraphy from two internal supervisors who have little knowledge of words. He didn't have a chance to study hard until after he took office, and he began to study at five o'clock. "From overwork to illness, there is blood in the sputum, and it doesn't stop" ("Court Motto"), and he accepted Confucian scholars and held a banquet to give lectures. Therefore, when the prince approached the school age, the sage had carefully considered the choice of the master and the curriculum setting, and the prototype of reading in the study was hidden in it.
Because the Kangxi Dynasty still practiced the system of public reserve, compared with other princes, the education of Crown Prince Yin Yong was the most concerned by saints, leaving more detailed historical materials. When Yin Yong was young, he was personally guided by a saint. "Tell him what his ancestors were like, what he should do when defending his position, what he should do when fighting, and teach him history. In the past, whenever he succeeded or failed, the people would turn their backs on him and give detailed instructions on everything (Volume 234 of Records of Qing Sages), which was rare in the Qing Dynasty.
After Yin Yong was a little longer, the Holy Father sent Zhang Ying, Xiong Cilv and Li Guangdi to teach him, and ordered him to accompany him when he was an old academician. In the 26th year of Kangxi (1687), Yin Yong was fourteen years old. After reading the five classics, the holy father officially chose to be a lecturer for him. After discussion among cabinet ministers, it was finally decided that Tang Bin, Shang Shu of the Ministry of Industry, Dahata, Shang Shu of the Ministry of Official Affairs, Geng Jie and Shao Zhan would start studying for Yin Yong class on June 9th. The holy father often goes to check.
As for other princes, they can't enjoy this kind of treatment. Often people of similar age study together, and there seems to be no fixed teacher. However, when the Crown Prince and all the princes were in the palace, they studied together, and the place where they studied was the later study.
Secondly, the problem of curriculum. As the Manchu conquering dynasty, the Qing Dynasty should pay attention to balancing Manchu and Han on the one hand, and emphasize "national customs" and Manchu identity on the other hand to avoid assimilation.
One of Yin's lecturers, Dahata, is from Zhengbaiqi, Manchuria and doesn't know Chinese characters. The Holy Father specially summoned the instructions: "The instructions mean that Tang Bin and others are here, and I just want to serve the Crown Prince and guide him to be full of manners, not to be infected with China habits." ("Ju Ju Zhu", June 7th, 26th year of Kangxi) shows its profound meaning.
According to the book Zhu Zhu, Yin Yong started reading in the morning, first reading the classics, then practicing Manchu calligraphy, then repeatedly reading the classics he learned today, going out to practice riding and shooting at night, and officially checking the day's studies at night, taking a passage for the prince to explain, and then ending the day's course. It is worth mentioning that the sage himself said, "When I was young, I had to study at a speed of 120 times. If I didn't cover it like this, I wouldn't be able to drown out the righteousness" (June 10, 26 th year of Kangxi), so I also asked my ministers to recite it according to this intensity. Yinwa often begins to recite it in the afternoon and doesn't recite it 120 times until the evening.
Sejong acceded to the throne, the third son Hongshi was twenty years old, and the fourth son Li Hong and the fifth son Hongzhi were only thirteen years old. It was the age of studying, which had been given by Jishi Shu to enrich the people. In the first month of the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Sejong appointed Zhang, Xu and Ji Yun as Prince Taifu, and Qin chose an auspicious day to give lectures, followed by some younger academicians such as Cai Shiyuan, Liang and Ren.
In the first month of the first year of Qianlong (1736), E Ertai, Zhang, Fumin and Xu were appointed as satraps. As the prince's teacher, Huang Yong, the nine-year-old eldest son, and Professor Yong Lian, the seven-year-old second son. Sejong and Emperor Gaozong both announced at the beginning of the reform that the Prince would become Fu, apparently for the sake of seriousness.
However, at this time, the prince did not have a fixed place to study, and he changed several places successively, such as Nanxun Hall, Xichangfang, Zhaoxiang Institute and Xianfu Palace. The Qianlong dynasty was a crucial period for the institutionalization of study.
At the beginning of Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong chose five rooms in the east of Gan Qing Gate as a fixed reading place. According to Zhao Yun, he chose this place because "it is close to the Palace so that he can visit it" (Volume 3 of Xiao Ting), and the emperor can hear the prince reading in Gan Qing Palace. Secondly, the chef in the study came into being. In the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757), assistant ministers Fu Jie, Guan Bao and Cai Xin were the chefs of the upper study. Later, more scholars, ministers and other officials were appointed to take charge of and specialize in inspections.
The second time is to establish the family law of "the prince enters school at the age of six" and extend it to his descendants. Although it is not clear when this change happened, in an imperial edict in the forty-third year of Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong described it as "China's system", and took this as an example to show that the education of the prince of the Qing Dynasty was far better than that of the previous generation (Record of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty 1067). One year before Emperor Gaozong abdicated, five generations lived under one roof, from the Prince to Sun Yuan, all of them studied in the study room, and the study class reached its peak.
However, it must be noted that there is no seal, no rated vacancy and no official office in the study room. Going to the study room is an errand, and each official has his own duties. Before the fixed address was determined at the beginning of Qianlong, the study room was just a general term, and its Manchu language was dergi bithei boo, which means superior, so Chinese characters were written in two different ways: Shang and Shang. The royal version of Wen Qing Jian is interpreted as "di agesai bithe h lara ba", while the old "study" in Manchu (.
Since the late Qing Dynasty, scholars have been controversial about the date of the establishment of the study room. In fact, from the time when the Emperor Kangxi was studying, it was generally called the study in the palace, and it was not until the Qianlong Dynasty that a perfect reading system was formed, so it was unnecessary and impossible to trace it back to an exact starting year. Learning course and work and rest The above course is only an attempt of early prince education, and it has obviously improved in course intensity, learning content and ritual norms.
The first thing a prince should learn when he enters school is to respect teachers and emphasize morality, which is mainly reflected in the ceremony. The position of the prince in the Qing Dynasty was highly respected. All princes and ministers should kneel and salute. Although Tang Bin is sitting and talking when studying for Yin Yong's class, he still needs to bow when giving books. When Li Hong entered the school in the first year of Yongzheng, Sejong intended to let the prince visit, but later, because the teachers did not dare to accept it, they bowed to the prince instead, and the teachers stood and received gifts, which became the custom of giving gifts to the prince.
On weekdays, teachers don't have to bow down to the prince, but this is only for Han officials. Because of the strong sense of master and servant formed under the Eight Banners system, the master who teaches Mongolian language and riding and shooting still needs to kneel down to the prince and call himself a slave. On the other hand, learning to respect teachers and attach importance to teaching comes from the influence of the emperor's example.
3. Which scientists and celebrities are gathered in Zhangzhou, a city with prosperous culture? In addition to Zheng Chen, Chen Yuanguang, Ding Ru and other generals, there are also a large number of politicians, thinkers, educators, writers, historians, mathematicians and geographers such as Gordon, Chen Chun, Lin, Huang Daozhou, Zhang Xie, Tang Yi, Lan Dingyuan and Zhuang Hengyang. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Zhao 'an Painting School, represented by Qiao, Shen and Wang, appeared. The famous Zhao 'an painters in modern times are Shen, Shen Roujian and He. Famous writers in modern times include Lin Yutang, Yang Sao and Xu Dishan. Bag opera, rice opera and Chaozhou opera are well-known at home and abroad and have been performed abroad for many times. Folk literature and art are rich and colorful, including tapestry songs, bamboo and horse plays, car encouragement and exquisite paper-cutting art. There is a sports base in Zhangzhou, which is known as the cradle for China women's volleyball team to win the world championship.
, Chen Yuanguang, Ding Ru, Gordon, Chen Chun, Lin, Huang Daozhou, Zhang Xie, Tang Yi, Lan Dingyuan, Zhuang Hengyang, Xie Yaoqiao, Shen, Wang, Shen, Shen Roujian, Shen Yaochu, Lin Yutang, Yang Sao, Xu Dishan and Pan Zhencheng. ...
Lin Yutang (1895.10.10-1976.3.26) was born in Longxi, Fujian (now Zhangzhou, Fujian). Formerly known as Lehe, later changed to Yutang, later changed to Yutang. Pen names donkey, zai Yu and qi Qing are famous scholars, writers and linguists in China. He studied abroad in his early years, taught in famous schools such as Peking University after returning to China, and settled in Taiwan Province Province from 65438 to 0966. He wrote a lot in his life.
Xu Dishan (1893~ 194 1) is a modern writer and scholar. Zankun was born into a patriot's family in Taiwan Province Province. When I was a child, my father used peanut metaphor to educate children, which left a deep impression on Xu Dishan. When Xu Dishan started writing at +092 1, he took Luo Huasheng as his pen name ("Hua" is the same as "Hua" in ancient Chinese) and encouraged himself to be a man with peanuts.
(1707~ 1799), Ci Ming,No. Geshan,No. Jizhai, Zhangpu Xiakou (now Xialou Village, Danan Office, Qian Linxi), built a mansion in Zhuntishi Lane, the county seat.
4. Historical figures in Zhangzhou: Chen Yuanguang, Ding Ru, Gao Deng, Chen Chun, Lin, Huang Daozhou, Zhang Xie, Tang Yi, Lan Dingyuan, Zhuang Hengyang, Cai Xin, Xie Yaoqiao, Shen, Wang, Shen Roujian, Shen Yaochu, Lin Yutang, Yang Sao, Xu Dishan and Pan Zhentang. Formerly known as Lehe, later changed to Yutang, later changed to Yutang. Pen names donkey, zai Yu and qi Qing are famous scholars, writers and linguists in China. He studied abroad in his early years, taught in famous schools such as Peking University after returning to China, and settled in Taiwan Province Province from 65438 to 0966. He wrote a lot in his life.
Xu Dishan (1893~ 194 1) is a modern writer and scholar. Zankun was born into a patriot's family in Taiwan Province Province. When I was a child, my father used peanut metaphor to educate children, which left a deep impression on Xu Dishan. When Xu Dishan started writing at +092 1, he took Luo Huasheng as his pen name ("Hua" is the same as "Hua" in ancient Chinese) and encouraged himself to be a man with peanuts.
5. Historical figures in Zhangzhou:,, Ding Ru, Chen Chun, Lin, Huang Daozhou, Zhang Xie, Tang Yi, Lan Dingyuan, Zhuang Hengyang, Xie, Shen, Wang Zhiming, Shen Fuwen, Shen Roujian, Shen Yaochu, Lin Yutang, Yang Sao and Xu Dishan. Formerly known as Lehe, later changed to Yutang, later changed to Yutang. Pen names donkey, zai Yu and qi Qing are famous scholars, writers and linguists in China. He studied abroad in his early years, taught in famous schools such as Peking University after returning to China, and settled in Taiwan Province Province from 65438 to 0966. He wrote a lot in his life.
Xu Dishan (1893~ 194 1) is a modern writer and scholar. Zankun was born into a patriot's family in Taiwan Province Province. When I was a child, my father used peanut metaphor to educate children, which left a deep impression on Xu Dishan. When Xu Dishan started writing at +092 1, he took Luo Huasheng as his pen name ("Hua" is the same as "Hua" in ancient Chinese) and encouraged himself to be a man with peanuts.
Cai Xin (1707~ 1799) was born in Geshan, Zhangpu Xiabu (now Xialou Village, Danan Office, Qian Linxi), and his mansion was built in Zhuntishi Lane, the county seat.