What was the reason for the beginning of calligraphy epigraphy in the early Qing Dynasty?

Another striking phenomenon of calligraphy in the early Qing Dynasty is that epigraphy began to appear at this time. On the one hand, Han intellectuals with strong national consciousness devote themselves to studying in order to maintain the orthodox position of Chinese culture under the general trend of failure of armed anti-Qing and regaining sight; On the other hand, during the periods of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, the literary inquisition continued, especially the harsh dictatorship of Yong Zhengdi, which oppressed the Han intellectuals and banned books to promote literary inquisition, forcing the academic direction of Han scholars to turn to textual research.