Su Shi (1037-1101), a writer, calligrapher, painter and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name is Zizhan and his nickname is Dongpo Jushi. Han nationality, Sichuan native, buried in Yingchang (now Jiaxian County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province). His official career was bumpy throughout his life, but he was knowledgeable, extremely talented, and excellent in poetry, calligraphy, and painting. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent. Together with Ouyang Xiu, he is called Ou Su, and he is one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". His poetry is fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggeration and metaphor, and his artistic expression is unique. He is also called Su Huang together with Huang Tingjian. He started a bold and unrestrained school and had a huge influence on later generations. Together with Xin Qiji, he was called Su Xin. He was good at calligraphy in running script and regular script. He was able to create his own ideas. His pen was rich and ups and downs, and he had an innocent taste. He was called Song Dynasty together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang. The four schools have the same painting studies and literature, advocate spiritual similarity in painting, and advocate "scholar painting". He is the author of "The Complete Works of Su Dongpo" and "Su Dongpo Yuefu".
1. Young and frivolous Su Dongpo read some books when he was young. Because of his intelligence, he was often praised by his teachers. Rather arrogantly, he posted a couplet in front of his house: "Know all the characters in the world, read all the books in the world." Later, a white-haired old woman visited Su Shi with a profound ancient book. Su Shi could not read the characters in the book, so the old woman used this to tactfully After criticizing Su Shi, Su Shi changed the couplet to "Be determined to read all the Chinese characters in the world, and determined to read all the books in the world" to encourage himself, and it has been passed down as a good talk ever since.
2. Su Shi "deceived" his teacher Su Shi into becoming a Jinshi, and wrote a Spring and Autumn essay called "On Punishment and Reward Loyalty", which contains the following paragraphs: In the time of Yao, Gaotao was a scholar, and he When it comes to killing people, Gao Tao said "three killings", Yao said "three forgiveness", so the world feared Gao Tao's firmness in enforcing the law, but rejoiced in Yao's lenient punishments. Siyue said, "Gun can use it." Yao said, "No, Gun will order the tribe." After that, he said, "Try it." How could Yao not listen to Gao Tao's murder, but follow the four mountains and use Gun? However, the meaning of the saint can also be seen. Mei Shengyu, the judge at that time, admired Su Shi's article very much, but anyone with historical knowledge knows that Gao Tao was Shun's judicial officer. Is it related to Yao? Mei Shengyu didn't understand this. After reading it several times, he asked Su Shi. Su Shi said that the answer was in "Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Kong Rong". However, after Mei Shengyu read it many times, he still couldn't find the source, so he Ask Su Shi again. Su Shi had no choice but to answer honestly that it was his own fabrication. Mei Shengyu was even more puzzled. Su Shi said that in the "Three Kingdoms: Kong Rong Biography", Kong Rong told Cao Cao that King Zhou of Shang rewarded Daji to Duke Zhou. Cao Cao asked if this was the case. , Kong Rong replied that it exists today, and it should also exist in ancient times. Su Shi made up such a story based on this, which made Mei Shengyu appreciate Su Shi even more.
3. Dongpo Pork
When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, he wrote the famous limerick "Ode to Pork": "Huangzhou has good pork, but the price is like dung. The rich will not accept it." Eat, the poor don't know how to cook. Slowly cook, use less water, and it will be beautiful when you get up every day. Don't worry if you are full. "It's self-beautiful" is the famous Dongpo pork cooking method. Su Dongpo later served as the governor of Hangzhou and was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Pork" also became famous in Hangzhou and became a famous local dish.
4. Su Shi checked out
Su Shi lived in Changzhou. He spent the last bit of his savings to buy a house and was preparing to move in. By chance, I heard an old woman crying very sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been passed down for hundreds of years and was sold by unfilial descendants, so she was crying sadly. After careful questioning, it turned out that the house Su Shi bought was the ancestral house that the old woman said. So Su Shi said to her: "My former residence was sold by me. There is no need to feel deeply sad. Now I should give this house back to me." Su Shi immediately burned the deed of the house and only rented a house to live in.
5. Reciting poems and attending banquets
When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to the capital to take a scientific examination. There were six arrogant people who looked down upon him and decided to invite Su Shi to a banquet with the intention of teasing him. Su Shi went happily after accepting the invitation. Before taking the table and using chopsticks, everyone proposed a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that you can eat a plate of food alone. The other five people roared with cheers. "I'll come first." The older one said, "Jiang Ziya fishes on the Weishui River!" After saying that, he took away a plate of fish. "Qin Shubao sells horses in Chang'an!" The second man took away the horse meat with dignity. "Su Ziqing Beihu Shepherd!" The third person took the mutton without showing any signs of weakness. "Zhang Yide sells meat in Zhuo County!" The fourth one shouted hurriedly and stretched out his hand to pick up the meat. "Guan Yunchang Jingzhou scrapes the bones!" The fifth one couldn't wait to snatch the bones.
"Zhuge Liang grows vegetables in Longzhong!" The sixth arrogantly picked up the last vegetable. After all the dishes were finished, the six people were happily preparing to eat and laugh at Su Shi, but Su Shi calmly chanted: "Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries!" After saying that, he put all six dishes in front of him and said with a smile. : "Brothers, please come!" Liuju people were dumbfounded.
6. Get ahead
When Su Shi was taking the examination in Beijing, the presiding judge was Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary master of the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was reviewing the papers, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous writing style. To prevent favoritism, all examination papers at that time were anonymous. Therefore, although Ouyang Xiu wanted to choose this article as the first one, he felt that this article was very similar to what his disciple Zeng Gong had written, and he was afraid that it would be true, so he finally ranked it second. It wasn't until the release of the list that Ouyang Xiu found out that the author of the article was Su Shi. After knowing the true situation, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi didn't care about it at all. Su Shi's generosity and outstanding talent made Ouyang Xiu admire him: "Such a young talent should really be recognized and officially accepted." Su Shi is a disciple.
7. Family gathering
After Su Shi passed away in high school, the three fathers and sons of the Su family and the family of Su Xiaomei, who was famous for her Three Difficulties Qin Shaoyou, gathered in the garden to celebrate. Su Xun, the father of the poem, decided on the two words "cold and fragrant", and each person wrote two poems, asking them to be suitable for the scene at that time. To take the lead, Su Laoquan walked slowly to the edge of the flower pond and chanted: "Water comes from the edge of the stone." The cold flowed out, and the wind came from the flowers to bring fragrance." Shaoyou stood up and picked fragrant wintersweet petals, flicked his fingers, and said: "The cold words are unknown, and the plum blossoms are fragrant all over his fingers. "The younger sister also went to pick flowers. Shaoyou wanted to laugh at him for imitating her, but the younger sister said: "The cuckoos in the sun have cold mouthpieces, and the flowers in the night are sweet in the dreams of butterflies." After saying this, he spread his palms and found that a butterfly had been pinched to death. Daughter The characteristics were clearly revealed, and everyone applauded in unison. Su Shi brushed the stone bench with his belt and rode away. Su Laoquan shouted: "My son, don't leave if you can't answer." " Before he finished speaking, Su Shi said two sentences in a long voice: "I sat down on the stone and my clothes were cold, and when I stepped on the flowers and returned home, the smell of horseshoes was fragrant." Although this is a legend and its credibility cannot be tested, we can also get a glimpse of Su Shi's attitude from it.
8. Making cakes to worship Buddha
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian lived in Jinshan Temple. One day, they agreed to make cakes. After a while, they told the Buddha's seal in the temple that the cake was ready. After counting the number, they presented the cake to the seat of Guanyin Bodhisattva, bowed diligently, and prayed. Unexpectedly, the Buddha's seal had been hidden in the sacred tent in advance. When the two of them knelt down to pray, they reached out and stole two pieces of bread. After Su Shi finished praying, he stood up and saw that two pieces of bread were missing. Come out to meet? "Foyin replied in the tent: "If I have some food, I will make a few joints with you to eat. How dare you bother me in vain? "
Shui Tiao Ge Tou
When will the bright moon come? Ask the blue sky for wine. I don’t know what year it is in the palace in the sky. I want to ride the wind back, but I am afraid that the beautiful buildings and jade buildings will be too high. It's too cold to dance around. How can it be like being in the human world? Hate, how can we be reunited when we say goodbye? People have joys and sorrows, and the moon waxes and wanes. I hope people will live long and live long distances. This poem was written in 1076 A.D. The author wrote it when he was in Mizhou during the Mid-Autumn Festival. I wrote this article because I was pregnant with my son. Because Su Shi had different political views from Wang Anshi, the reformer in power, and others, he sought to be transferred to other places and served as an official in various places. He once asked to be transferred to an official position closer to Su Che, so that his brothers could gather together. In 1074 AD ( In the seventh year of Xining (the seventh year of Xining), Su Shi sent a message to Mizhou. After arriving in Mizhou, this wish still could not be realized. In the Mid-Autumn Festival of 1076 AD, the moon was shining brightly, and the poet and his brother Su Zhe had not seen each other for seven years. Reunion. At this moment, the poet faced a bright moon, his heart was filled with excitement, so he was in high spirits and wrote this famous poem
Nian Nujiao·Chibi Nostalgic
Going to the east of the river, the waves are gone, and the heroes of the ages are here.
To the west of the fort, there is the human road of the Three Kingdoms.
The rocks are piercing the sky, and the waves are rolling up the shore. Pile of snow.
The country is picturesque, and there are so many heroes at that time.
I recall the time when Xiao Qiao was married for the first time.
Feather fan and silk scarf. , while talking and laughing, the oars and oars disappeared into ashes.
(Qiao Ou 1: Forced Captivity)
My homeland wanders in my mind, I am so sentimental that I should be laughed at, and I will be born early.
Life is like a dream, a statue returns to the moon. (One work in life: the human world; Zuntong: Zun
Translation
The Yangtze River flows eastward. For thousands of years, all the talented heroes and heroes have been washed away by the rolling waves of the Yangtze River.
To the west of the old fortress, people say it was the red cliff where Zhou Lang defeated Cao Bing during the Three Kingdoms period.
The steep and uneven stone walls penetrated into the sky, and shocking huge waves crashed against the river bank. , Rolling up thousands of snow-like waves
What a wonderful country, how many heroes there were at that time!
I remember when Zhou Gongjin and Xiao Qiao had just married. , His posture is so majestic: holding a feather fan in his hand and wearing a blue silk turban on his head.
While talking and laughing, Cao Cao's countless warships were burned to ashes in the thick smoke and fire. .
Wandering in the battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, it’s time to laugh at me for being so sentimental that I have gray hair prematurely.
Life is like a big dream, but I still give it a glass of wine. To the bright moon on the river, get drunk with me!
The Wutai case was a literary prison in the Northern Song Dynasty. As a result, Su Shi was arrested in Wutai and imprisoned for 4 months. Li Ding, Yushi Shuquan, He Zhengchen and others extracted sentences from Su Shi's "Huzhou Xie Shangbiao" and previous poems, and arrested Su Shi for slandering the New Deal. Su Shi's poems did indeed ridicule current affairs, including problems in the reform process. The case was first reported by the Supervisory Yushi and later tried in Yushitai Prison. The so-called "Wutai" was also called "Cypress Terrace" because of the cypress trees planted all over the official office. , so it is called the "Wutai Poetry Case".
Su Shi's "Wutai Poetry Case" has been circulated in the Song Dynasty, and there are many copies and publications today. Among the several editions I have seen, "Dongpo Wutai Poetry Case" in "Hanhai" and "Wutai Poetry Case" in "Jianhua'an Series" are original records of the case, basically preserving the original appearance of the poem case; "Tiaoxi Yuyin" The "Cong Hua" version has been deleted and edited according to the requirements for compiling poetry; the "Xue Hai Lei Bian" version of "Shi Jian" can be concluded to be a forgery.
Details
Yuanfeng, Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. In March of the second year (1079), Su Shi transferred to Huzhou. The poem was caused by the "Huzhou Xie Shang Biao" written by Su Shi when he took office in Huzhou. The person who came to office on the 20th of this month has a custom of being in the southeast. The mountains and rivers are clear, and the court is so good that I will choose him. He is stubborn, his reputation is small, his opinions are sparse, and his literature is shallow. Everyone has something to gain, but I have no merit. The first emperor of He was wronged and promoted the establishment of three museums. His Majesty's fault was that he paid it to two states. The desire is painful and self-motivated, and there is little reward for the kindness. However, there is no merit in the situation; the law is there, but there are many sins, but I still know that I am not allowed to borrow from the country. It is a sign of acceptance. If you have nothing to show for it, how can you not be grateful? This is the emperor who covers all living beings and embraces all races. He does not ask for his preparations, but he is ignorant and unable to follow the times. Go in; see if he is old and does not cause trouble, he may be able to adopt young people. I am living in Qiantang and enjoy the customs. The nature of fish and birds is that they can live freely in the rivers and lakes; the people of Wu and Yue can also accept the instructions of their ministers. If you dare not obey the law and work diligently, the lawsuit will be dismissed and the sentence will be equal. The benevolence of the imperial court is expressed above, and the hope of comforting the elders is expressed below. The minister has no responsibility. "Su Shi's grumbling words, the "new" in his writing refer to a group of speculative "little people" who were introduced during Wang Anshi's reform. The word "making trouble" has become a popular way for conservatives to attack the reformists. Idiom. These terms naturally hurt those "little people" who still occupied high positions and sought personal gain. The first person to come forward to report Su Shi was He Zhengchen, the censor, followed closely by Li Ding, a student of Wang Anshi. Zhengchen, Shu Yu, Li Ding and others had no choice but to issue an order to hand Su Shi over to the Yushitai, and the "Gen Survey Institute" headed by Li Ding was responsible for the trial. His writings were more sharp and pointed, and he criticized the poor and weak court. , he longed to be calmed one day, but "the world is a big dream. There are several cool autumns in life." Dongpo's writings triggered the Wutai Poetry Case.
On July 28th of the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Li Ding and others were ordered to investigate and immediately sent Dr. Huangfu Zuncai of Taichang to Huzhou to arrest Su Shi. On August 18th, Su Shi was arrested. After being transferred to the capital, Su Shi was put into Yushitai Prison for more than two months of "genkan" trial. Su Shi suffered inhuman torture.
The Yushitai was tortured and forced to confess day and night. It was really "I couldn't bear to hear the criticism all night long." Finally, Li Ding and others imposed "four major crimes" on Su Shi and asked Song Shenzong to execute Su Shi.
Facing the report from the Yushitai, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty felt really troubled. At that time, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin had a will: except for the crime of treason and rebellion, no ministers would be killed. Li Ding and others wanted to put Su Shi to death. Public opinion in both the government and the public was in an uproar, believing that Su Shi had not committed the crime of treason and should not be severely punished. What's even stranger is that upright people from both the old and new factions came forward to rescue him. Due to the pressure of rescue and public opinion from all aspects, Song Shenzong had the idea of ????giving Su Shi a lenient loan and giving him a lighter sentence. In the end, Su Shi was given a lighter sentence and the case was concluded with the sentence "I am grateful to be appointed deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian".
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