Shen Kuo, courtesy name Cunzhong. Due to his father's official position, he enjoyed the favor of the court and served as the official registrar of Shuyang County
After passing the Jinshi examination, he was assigned to compile and proofread Zhao Wen Guan's books were collated and deleted.
The regulations of the three departments were established. According to the custom, the emperor went to the circular hill in the southern suburbs every three years to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth.
It is arranged by the relevant agencies according to the records in the classics, and then the copies are collected. The clerks often seek personal gain through the ceremony
. Before the sacrifice, a tent is set up under the altar, and several tents are set up outside the palace.
Build gardens in the place, plant trees, decorate them with colorful colors, carve birds and animals, and place them continuously among the trees.
On the evening of the day when the sacrifice was about to be held, the emperor personally Come and enjoy the garden scenery, go up to the south gate of Duanmen
, display the honor guard, inspect the troops guarding the martial law, and tour and enjoy the sights. These are not things that should be done during fasting
Sacrifice Scene. Each utensil used by the emperor required sixty or seventy craftsmen to make.
Shen Kuo examined the development and changes of the ritual system and wrote a book "Southern Jiao Style". The imperial court then ordered him to take charge of the suburbs
Sacrifice matters were handled according to the new etiquette. In this way, tens of thousands of dollars were saved each time. Song Shenzong
was very satisfied.
Soon after, Shen Kuo He was promoted to Prince Zhongyun, inspected the Zhongshu execution room, and promoted to the Tianjian. At that time, the officials in charge of astronomy and calendars were all mediocre people who had no knowledge of the phenomena, images and observations of celestial bodies. Equipment,
almost knew nothing about it. After Shen Kuo was promoted to the Tianjian, he installed an armillary sphere, a landscape table, and five pots and leaks, and
recruited Wei Pu to compile a new calendar. , collecting books from all over the world for observing astronomical phenomena used by Taishi. In addition, he also appointed scholars in the Tianjian of Si
and divided the science of alchemy into five categories. These methods were later adopted.
A famine occurred in Huainan, and the imperial court sent Shen Kuo to inspect and investigate. After he arrived in Huainan, he ordered the distribution of money and grain for regular liquidation of warehouses. At the same time, he organized the construction of rivers and canals and the repair of barren fields. To eliminate the difficulties caused by floods
Subsequently, he was promoted to Jixian School Manager and was ordered to inspect and investigate the farmland water conservancy situation in the two Zhejiang areas.
At that time, the imperial court collected a large number of private vehicles. , people didn’t understand what the officials meant, and they were all worried; the City Council was worried that Sichuan would not be able to ban smugglers in selling salt and making huge profits, so they wanted to fill up all the private salt wells and transport
Remove the salt from the pond to solve the salt problem in Sichuan. There were as many memorials discussing these two things as yarn on a loom
, but they did not explain the problem clearly. Shen Kuo stood there Next to Shenzong, Shenzong looked at him and said: "Do you
know about collecting vehicles?" Shen Kuo replied: "Yes." Shenzong asked: "How is this matter?"
Shen Kuo said: "What is the purpose of collecting the vehicles?" Shenzong said: "The Liao army in the north uses horses to win. Without vehicles, it is impossible to resist them." Shen Kuo said: "The vehicles fight. The benefits can be seen in all dynasties
However, the military chariots mentioned by the ancients are light vehicles with five horses to pull them, which is conducive to rapid march.
Now among the people The heavy-duty truck was huge and heavy and could not travel thirty miles a day, so people called it a 'flat truck' and it was only for daily use." Shenzong said happily: "What others have said I didn't mention this.
I want to think about it carefully." Asked him again about Sichuan salt, he replied: "fill all the private salt wells
and transport them. It would be good to remove the salt from the prefecture and make the salt sold by the government. However, Zhongzhou, Wanzhou,
Rongzhou, and Luzhou are areas where ethnic minorities live. There are many small salt wells, so it cannot be done all at once. If they are forbidden
, people must be sent to guard them. In this way, I am afraid that the gains outweigh the losses." Shenzong nodded,
thinking it was right. The next day, both things happened. It stopped. Then Shen Kuo was promoted to Zhizhigao, and also in charge of Tongjin.
Intai Division. It had only been three months since he was promoted to the position of Prince Zhongyun. Then Shen Kuo took up the post again< /p>
Inspection envoys on Hebei West Road. According to previous practice, wherever there were people refining silver on Hebei West Road, the Transshipment Department would set up officials to collect interest. Shen Kuo expressed his opinion: "Get close to Treasures will make the country poor
Poverty is inevitable
If there are too many people, how to check the traitors and traitors harbored? The imperial court sends hundreds of thousands of taels of silver to Khitan every year. Because it does not belong to the north, they value it and think it is beneficial to obtain it. Now, the original Yincheng County and Yinfang City are within their territory. If they know how to open it
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China’s currency is even more despised for the benefits of mining minerals in the mountains. What should we give them every year?
The conflict with neighboring Khitan will start from here."
p>At that time, the imperial court wanted every household near the capital to hand over horses as taxes and to guard the border.
The people thought this was a disaster. Shen Kuo said: "The Khitan in the north There are many horses in the area, and the people are familiar with horseback riding
Writing, this is like China's ability to use powerful bows and arrows. Now we give up the skills we are good at and reluctantly do things we are not good at
How can we Can they win?" In addition, when people on the border learn military skills, they only use the strength of the bow to determine the level, but they may not be able to shoot through the leather; Shen Kuo said that they should consider shooting
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The distance of the arrow and the degree to which it hits a hard object. Shen Kuo put forward thirty-one similar suggestions, and the imperial court issued an edict
agreeing to implement them.
Liao Kingdom Xiao Xilai argued about the Huangwei area in Hedong Province and stayed in the hotel and refused to resign, saying: "I must achieve my goal before I can return." Shenzong sent Shen Kuo as an envoy to the Liao Kingdom. Shen Kuo went to the Privy Council Looking through the archives
of the past, I found documents that agreed on the border in previous years. The document specified the ancient Great Wall as the border.
But the place we are fighting for now is thirty years apart from the Great Wall. Liyuan, he went to the table to discuss the matter. Shenzong specially opened the Tianzhang Pavilion during the holiday and summoned Shen Kuo to make his statement. After hearing this, Shenzong said happily: "Ministers, this is not the case." >
I didn’t explore the whole story, and almost missed the important national event." So Shenzong ordered that the map
be shown to Xiao Xi. Xiao Xili stopped arguing because he was poor in words. Shenzong rewarded Shen Kuo with a thousand taels of platinum and asked him to set off for the Liao Kingdom. When he arrived at the Khitan court, the Khitan Prime Minister Yang Yijie came to interview him. Shen Kuo found him and argued with him
There were dozens of land documents, and he asked the clerks and staff to memorize them in advance. Yang Yijie asked the question, and Shen Kuo asked the clerk to answer it with examples. When he asked it again another day, he still gave the same answer. Yang Yijie Having nothing to say
he said arrogantly: "You are not willing to give up even a few miles away. Do you want to easily break off the reconciliation between the two countries?" Shen Kuo said: " If the troops are sent with reason, morale will be high; if there is no reason, morale will be low. Now you
the Northern Dynasty have abandoned the great oath of your former emperor and used violence to enslave your people. This is not good for us
< p>The Song Dynasty had no disadvantages." The General Secretary met six times. The Khitan side knew that Shen Kuo would not yield to his will, so they ignored the Huangwei area and only requested that the Tianchi area be divided They returned to them. Shen Kuo then set out to return to the dynasty.On the road, he drew the steepness and gentleness of the mountains and rivers, the twists and turns of the road, the simplicity and complexity of the customs, and the beauty of the people's hearts. Supported and dissatisfied, he wrote a book "Essential Khitan Illustrations" and dedicated it to the imperial court. The imperial court appointed him
He was a Hanlin scholar and the third envoy of Quan.
Shen Kuo once went to the Prime Minister's house to report Regarding the matter, Wu Chong asked him: "Since the exemption order was issued, the people
slandered and attacked him, but it has not been alleviated yet. How does this matter affect the people?" Shen Kuo said:
"Those who find it inconvenient are only the scholar-bureaucrats and people in the city who have always been exempted from the corvee. There is no need to pity them.
It's just that the poor and humble households who did not contribute to the labor service are now required to pay. , that should
be considered. It would be great if all these people were relaxed and no money was collected from them." Wu Chong thinks he is right
reported in the table above The imperial court implemented this suggestion.
Cai Que criticized Shen Kuo, saying that he was inconsistent and secretly jeopardized the decree promulgated by Sinong Temple. Therefore, Shen Kuo used the title of a bachelor of Jixian Academy He was sent out to serve as the magistrate of Xuanzhou. In the second year, he was reinstated as Longtuge to wait for the system.
He was sent to the court again as the magistrate of Qingzhou. He had not yet gone to Qingzhou to take office. Then he was changed to the post of magistrate of Yanzhou.
After Yanzhou, he bought all the extra money given by the court into wine, and ordered the children of innocent families in the streets to participate in horseback riding and archery competitions. Whenever he saw someone outstanding, he would In person
Get up and pour wine to express condolences. The people on the border were so happy and excited, holding bows and arrows, for fear that they would not be able to participate.
After a year, Shen Kuo selected someone who could shoot More than a thousand people passed through the arrow target and jumped onto the car, and they all joined the Chinese army as volunteers. Therefore, the prestige and prestige of the Yanzhou army surpassed that of other state capitals. Due to the deputy general manager Zhong Er
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Conquering Yinzhou in Xixia, Youzhou made great achievements, and Shen Kuo was also promoted as a bachelor of Longtuge for his merits. The imperial court sent the troops guarding the Beijing division to garrison on the border and received two rewards. None of their property was given to local soldiers. Shen Kuo believed that although the soldiers in the capital were important, it was still local soldiers who participated in battles every year. Rewards like this were Unevenness will cause chaos. So he hid the edict, pretended to have an order, gave it to local soldiers tens of thousands of dollars, and reported it to the court through the post. Shenzong issued an edict and replied to him: "This is the Privy Council Mistakes in issuing rewards
If you don't see the crux of the matter, it will definitely disrupt military affairs." From then on, if there was anything that was too late to report, Shen Kuo could do it. Make your own decisions. Among the officers and soldiers of the Han nationality and ethnic minorities,
Official positions below the Imperial City Envoy are also allowed to be supplemented by additional appointments in the name of the imperial court.
On one occasion, Zhonge He led the troops to Wuyuan, but encountered heavy snow and food supplies were not delivered in time.
Dianzhi Liu Guiren led his men to flee south. All the more than 30,000 soldiers broke up and fled into the border. Tens of local residents< /p>
I was very frightened. Shen Kuo went out of the city and entertained the troops returning from Hedong with food and wine in the eastern suburbs. When he saw thousands of people who had fled back, he asked them: "The deputy general manager of the capital" Who is the leader who sent you back to get food?" They said: "In the back." Then they ordered them to go back to the military camp. At night, another 800 people arrived. No
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On the tenth day, all the defeated soldiers returned to their barracks. Shen Kuo went to inspect the troops, and Liu Guiren arrived. Shen Kuo said:
"Why didn't you get the military talisman when you came back to get food?" Liu Guiren couldn't answer, so Shen Kuo beheaded him
and showed it to the public. A few days later, Shenzong sent his servant Liu Weijian to inquire about the rebels, and Shen Kuo reported the situation
Imperial Court.
After the generals Jing Siyi and Qu Zhen captured the Moya, Jialu and Futu cities of Xixia, Shen Kuo proposed to build a stone fort to deal with Xixia. However, When Xu Xi arrived during the incident, he wanted to build Yongle City first. The imperial court ordered Xu
Xu Xi to direct the generals to build the city, and ordered Shen Kuo to move his commander's palace to the border to provide military supplies
He sent troops to rescue. Soon, Xu Xi failed and died in battle. Shen Kuo went to rescue Suide first because the Xixia army attacked Suide. Therefore, he was unable to rescue Yongle City and was demoted to Junzhou Tuanlian. Deputy envoy. In the early years of Yuanyou, he was reassigned to Xiuzhou for resettlement. Then, he was appointed as Guanglu Shaoqing, received his salary in Nanjing, and lived in Runzhou.
Died eight years later at the age of sixty-five.
Shen Kuo was knowledgeable and good at writing articles. He had no knowledge of astronomy, local chronicles, laws and calendars, music, medicine, and divination
He also recorded the things he usually discussed with his guests and wrote them in the book "Bi Tan", which recorded many allusions, facts, and stories of old ministers in the court. Situation
Situation, spread in the world.