There were five dynasties in this period, namely, Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou. In the south, there are 10 separatist regimes, such as pre-Shu, post-Shu, Wu, Nantang, wuyue, Fujian, Chu, Southern Han, Nanping and Northern Han.
The founding kings of the five dynasties were all former buffer regions, which were developed by military separatism. The historical characteristics of this period are frequent wars and frequent regime changes. There are many kinds of coins, but few have been handed down.
Hou Liang once imitated Kaiyuan Bao Tong and cast Kaiping Bao Tong in Kaiping years. Kaiping is the title of Zhu Wen in the Five Dynasties. This kind of coin is very rare because of its small casting quantity and few handed down from generation to generation.
Kaiping Bao Tong is modeled after Kaiyuan Qian, but it is rough casting and irregular outline. This coin, with a diameter of 3.5 cm, is a kind of official script in Qian Wen, with scrawled handwriting and blunt strokes. Casting and bronze are poor, and Qian Wen's calligraphy is also poor, almost unwritten.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Li called for restoring the orthodoxy of the Tang Dynasty. After Liang was destroyed, he cast new money, still using the name of Kaiyuan Bao Tong, and the old money was decreasing day by day.
After the reign of Emperor Tang Zhuang, the military became less and less, commerce became more and more prosperous, and there were too few coins on the market, which was not conducive to circulation, so Tiancheng Yuanbao was cast and circulated in Tiancheng years.
"Tiancheng" was the title of Ming Taizu Li Siyuan in the late Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. At that time, due to the independence of provinces, cities and towns, the social economy was hit hard and the monetary system was extremely unstable.
Tiancheng Yuanbao, with a diameter of 2.4 cm, is a Qian Wen official script, which is read in a rotating way. Calligraphy is vigorous and dignified, broad in outline and relatively sophisticated.
Li Congke, the last emperor of the late Tang Dynasty, cast the Qingtai ingot during the Qingtai period. Qian Jing, 3.4 cm, is a Qian Wen official script, fluent and plain in calligraphy. Due to the frequent changes in the late Tang Dynasty during the period of 10, scholars now believe that Qingtai Yuanbao is an imitation of Chongningbao in the Northern Song Dynasty, not cast in the Qing Dynasty in the late Tang Dynasty.
The founder of the late Jin Dynasty was Shi Jingtang, the great ancestor of the late Jin Dynasty. In 936, the master of the Khitan wrote that Shi Jingtang was named Daikin Emperor, and the Yuan Dynasty changed its name to Tianfu, with the title of Jin. After Shi Jingtang proclaimed himself emperor, he gave Yanyun 16 State to Qidan, and promised to give 300,000 pieces of cloth and silk to Qidan every year.
During the reign of Shi Jingtang, the post-Jin society was the most stable, the economy was developed, and people's lives were relatively good. Shi Jingtang himself is very diligent, has a clean life and outstanding political achievements. He should be an emperor loved by his subjects. Shi Jingtang's greatest achievement is to unify the currency of the late Jin Dynasty, making the economy prosperous and the people live and work in peace and contentment.
There is only one kind of coin, Tianfu Yuanbao, which is made of gold powder. Because it was later cast by the people, the official cast less money and the people cast more money.
The Tianfu ingots we see today have different layouts and weights, ranging in diameter from 2. 1 cm to 2.5 cm, and some are below 2. 1 cm. Qian Wen's calligraphy is very ordinary.
The larger Tianfu ingot should be official, and the casting is more exquisite. Small ones may be cast by the people, with poor copper and rough handwriting.
Because the copper price was high at that time, casting money was unprofitable and copper was hard to find, people often destroyed ancient money and replaced it with bronzes, so Tianfu money was scarce. At that time, the governors were independent and ignored the court. Only on holidays did they pay tribute to the emperor to show that the relationship between the monarch and the minister was not broken.
According to historical records, in the summer of 937, Xuanwu Army gave Yang Guangyuan money. There is a "national treasure" handed down from generation to generation, with a diameter of 2.3 cm. Qian Wen's seal script calligraphy is simple and ordinary, which may have been cast by Yang Guangyuan at that time.
Only two generations passed down in the later Han Dynasty, and only "Hanyuan Bao Tong" money was available in four years, with a diameter of 2.2 cm, and calligraphy was like Kaiyuan money.
In the last week, only one kind of "Zhu Yuanzhang and Bao Tong" was voted by Chai Rong of Zhou Shizong. Calligraphy, bronze ware and exquisite casting are the money that ruined the Buddha's casting.
Economically, the focus of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was not the five northern countries, but the ten southern countries. The area under the jurisdiction of the ten countries is empty of people and money, and the production of coins is better than that of the five northern countries. Among the ten countries, wuyue, Jingnan, Beihan and other countries did not cast money.
In 5 10, Qianshu cast Yongping ingot with a diameter of 2.4 cm. This monetary system is similar to that of Kaiyuan Bao Tong in the Tang Dynasty. Casting workers are good, but they are extremely rare. In addition, there is Yongping Bao Tong, whose production and calligraphy are different from Yongping Yuanbao.
Wang Jianshi, the ancestor of the pre-Shu Dynasty, cast Zheng Tong ingots with various layouts. Calligraphers in Qian Wen are not as good as those in Yongping, but they are more numerous. Later, the former Shu was renamed as Tianhan, casting Tianhan ingots. The system of money is the same as before, and the calligraphers in Qian Wen are relatively good, with a small number.
Later, it was restored to Shu State and Tianguang State, and Tianguang Yuanbao was cast. In Qian Wen, the word "Guang" is a running script, and the rest are official scripts. The calligraphy is quite good.
After the death of Wang Jian, his son, Wang Yan, succeeded to the throne, known as the late master in history, and cast the Gander ingot in the first year of Gander. The money system is the same as before, and there are two kinds: bare back, no text and back moon. Later, Xiankang Yuanbao was cast, and there was a moon on the back of the coin.
The above two kinds of money are relatively large, and the foundry workers are also quite skilled. But not long after, the Tang Dynasty attacked, Wang Yan came out and the country was broken.
Meng Zhixiang, the ancestor of the post-Shu Dynasty, created the Bao Tong of the Great Shu Dynasty. The diameter of the big tree Bao Tong coin is 2.3 cm. Qian Wen is a calligrapher, and his handwriting is very poor, but it is rare and handed down from generation to generation.
After Meng Zhixiang's son succeeded to the throne, he changed to Yuan as an actor. The system is the same as before, but the calligraphy casting is better than the previous one, and the quantity is small, which is a rare boutique. Later, it was cast into Zheng Guang Bao Tong Iron Money, and the format was the same as that of copper money, which was passed down from generation to generation.
King Fujian's regime still uses the name of the Tang Dynasty to show its loyalty, casting Kaiyuan money, the layout is similar to that of Huichang Kaiyuan money, and the word "min" is engraved on the back of the money, which was once mistaken for Huichang Kaiyuan.
In addition, there are lead coins with the same layout as copper coins, and there are three types on the back: whether there are words, returning to Fujian, returning to happiness and returning to Yin.
Later, it was cast into the top ten coins of Kaiyuan Bao Tong, with a diameter of 3.8 cm. The words are large and untidy, with strokes and paintings missing. There are stars, the moon and small print on the back. There are also iron coins and lead coins with the same layout as copper coins.
Wang's younger brother, Wang, once called himself emperor, changed his virtue and cast Tiande as a big iron coin. At that time, copper coins were also cast, which were smaller than iron coins. Their name is Tiande Chongbao, and their calligraphy is neat, with the word "Yin" on the back and two bodies.
During the reign of Fujian King, Yonglong iron coins were cast, with a diameter of 4 cm. Their handwriting is very poor, and there are Min characters or Xingyue characters on the back and bare back, which are rare.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, when Ma Su, the first monarch of the State of Chu, established himself as the king of Chu, he had a treasure of Ce Tian mansion. In addition, it also cast dry-sealed spring treasure copper, iron coins and dry-yuan heavy treasure copper coins. Ma Yin heard historians say that lead and iron were produced in Hunan, and listened to gaoyu's advice. He cast lead and iron coins, and sealed ten pieces, such as Quanbao and Yuanbao, for copper coins.
Ce Tian Treasures Coins are widely circulated treasures in the coin industry and have always been collectors' dreams. There is a poem describing the importance people attached to this money in the past: it is easy to ask for time and honesty, and when you meet someone, you can enjoy a meal. If you have a treasure to talk about Ce Tian's house, you will not be poor in ancient wild people. In the Qing Dynasty, Dai's father was overjoyed when he was ill, and he ate an extra bowl of rice while playing with money.
Ce Tian Jiabao is well-made, and Ce Tian Jiabao has ten pieces, thick and fleshy, with civilized writing and regular script. Previous people thought that this money was a commemorative coin cast by Ma Yin when he opened Ce Tian House.
Some scholars believe that Ce Tian Fu Bao copper coins have two functions: commemorative coins and hard currency. Hard currency is different from ordinary currency, but it is used as a means of payment under special circumstances, such as the domestic and foreign trade of Chu.
"Chronicle of Ten Kingdoms" records: "Ma Yin casts lead and iron coins, which come and go in the city and use copper coins outside the city." Inside and outside the city refers to domestic and overseas, and copper coins belong to Ce Tian. The word "special purpose" clearly shows the hard currency nature of money.
Currency of five dynasties and ten countries