Liu Yuxi (772-842), Han nationality. The courtesy name was Mengde. In his later years, he called himself a Lushan native. He was a native of Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) in the Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of King Jing of Shanzhong Mountain in Hanzhong. We have not yet obtained verification of the specific life experience. A famous poet and philosopher in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he was known as the "Poetry Hero". His family is a scholarly family with Confucianism passed down from generation to generation. He advocated political innovation and was one of the central figures in the political innovation activities of Wang Shuwen School.
Later, Yongzhen's reform failed and he was demoted to Sima of Langzhou. He did not surrender, but created with a positive and optimistic spirit, actively learned from folk songs, and wrote poems imitating folk songs such as "Cai Ling Xing".
After being ordered to return to Beijing, Liu Yuxi offended the new nobles with his poem "Thousands of peach trees in Xuandu, all of which were planted after Liu Lang left" and was demoted to the governor of Lianzhou. Later he was appointed as the governor of Jiangzhou, where he wrote a large number of "Zhuzhi Ci". There are many famous sayings, which are widely recited. In the summer of 824, he wrote the famous "Reminiscences of Xisai Mountain": "Wang Jun's boat landed in Yizhou, and the king of Jinling lost his spirit sadly. Qianxun's iron chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a banner fell out of the stone. Several times in this life, the past is sad, The mountain shape is still pillowed by the cold current. Today is the day when the world is home, so the grass is rustling and the reeds are in autumn." This poem was highly praised by later literary critics and considered a masterpiece of Tang poetry with infinite meaning.
Later, after several transfers, Liu Yuxi was sent to Suzhou as the governor. At that time, there was a flood in Suzhou and hunger spread throughout the land. After he took office, he opened warehouses for famine relief, exempted taxes and reduced labor, and soon helped the people get out of the disaster and live a contented life. The people of Suzhou loved him and were grateful to him, so they named Wei Yingwu, Bai Juyi and him, who had served as governors in Suzhou, the "Three Heroes" and established the Sanxiantang. Tang Wenzong also praised his political achievements and gave him a purple gold fish bag.
Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang in his later years, served as the prince's guest, inspected the school's Ministry of Etiquette, socialized with friends, wrote poems, and lived a leisurely life. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs.
More than 800 of his poems exist. He studied folk songs, poems that reflected people's lives and customs, with broad themes. The style drew on the implicit, subtle, simple and beautiful characteristics of Bashu folk songs, which were fresh and natural, healthy and lively, and full of the interest of life. His satirical poems often use allegory to support objects, criticize the powerful people who suppressed Yongzhen's innovation, and involve a wide range of social phenomena. In his later years, his style gradually became more subtle, satirical without revealing any traces of it. There are also more than 40 lyrics in existence, with the characteristics of folk songs. When Liu Yuxi was in Luoyang, he and Bai Juyi created the "Recalling Jiangnan" lyrics.
After Liu Yuxi died, he was buried in Xingyang, Henan (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou).
Edit this paragraph Liu Yuxi’s Poetry Collection
Inscription on a humble house
If the mountain is not high, it will be famous if there are immortals. If the water is not deep, if there is a dragon, it will be spiritual. This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green on the curtains. There are scholars who talk and laugh, but there are no idle people when coming and going. You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Sutra. There are no messy ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no laborious shape of case documents. Zhugelu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi. Confucius said: What is so shameful?
The Autumn Breeze
Wherever the autumn wind comes,
it sends the wild geese flying.
When the dynasty comes into the garden tree,
the solitary guest is the first to hear it.
Going up the embankment
The wine flags look at each other at the head of the embankment,
Going down the embankment and going up to the top of the embankment.
At dusk, travelers are rushing to cross the river.
The sound of oars fills the middle stream.
Autumn Ci
Since ancient times, autumn has been a sad and lonely time.
I say that autumn is better than spring.
A crane flies above the clouds in a clear sky,
It brings poetry to the blue sky.
Autumn Ci
The mountains are clear and the water is clear, but frost comes at night,
Several trees are dark red and light yellow.
Trying to go up to a tall building will clear your bones.
How can it be like the spring scenery that drives people crazy.
Visit Xuandu Temple again
Half of the hundred-acre courtyard is covered with moss,
All the peach blossoms are gone and only the cauliflowers are blooming.
Where did the peach-growing Taoist priest go?
Liu Lang, who was there before, is here again.
Looking at the Dongting
The lake and the moon are harmonious.
There is no goggle on the surface of the pool that has not been polished.
Looking at the Dongting landscape,
there is a green snail in the silver plate.
Jiang Nanchun
It is better to go down to the Zhulou with new makeup,
Lock yourself in the spring scenery and worry about the courtyard.
Walk to the atrium and count the flowers.
Dragonflies fly up to the jade and scratch their heads.
Bamboo branches
Spring grass grows at the top of Baidi City,
The Shu River is clear at the foot of Baiyan Mountain.
People from the south come up and sing a song,
People from the north don’t come up to express their nostalgia.
Bamboo Branches
There are twelve beaches in Qutang,
The road there has always been difficult.
The heart of a person who always hates is not as good as water,
It is easy to make waves from the ground.
Bamboo branches
There are layers of peach and plum blossoms on the mountain,
The fireworks in the clouds are people's homes.
Silver and gold hairpins are used to carry water,
Long knives and short hats are used to burn rice.
Bamboo branches
Mountain peach trees are covered with red flowers,
The spring water of Shujiang River hits the mountain flow.
The bonus is easy to fade like a man's will,
The flow of water is infinite like Nong's sorrow.
Bamboo Branches
When the misty rain comes in the Wu Gorge,
The clear ape cries on the highest branch.
The person is so sad that his heart is broken.
This is not the reason for the sadness.
Bamboo branches
The willows are as green as the Qingjiang River,
I can hear the singing on the Langjiang River.
The sun rises in the east and rains in the west.
There is no sunshine but there is sunshine.
Bamboo branches
There is a lot of rain in Bashan River of Chushui,
The Ba people can sing local songs.
Nowadays, the guests from the North want to go back,
Return to He Na Phi Luluo.
Bamboo branches
The new spring rain is coming on the river,
The spring water in the west is full of patterns.
There are good willow trees on the east side of the bridge and on the west side of the bridge.
People come and go and sing.
Bamboo branches
The mountain flowers on both sides of the strait are blooming like snow,
Every family’s spring wine is filled with silver cups.
There are many female companions in Zhaojunfang,
Come for an outing outside Yong'an Palace.
Bamboo branches
Outside the west gate of the city, there are piles of bamboo branches.
Waves cannot destroy them every year.
The troubled heart is not as good as a stone,
When I was young, I traveled east and west again.
Bamboo branches
The spring fog disappears three poles after sunrise,
Guests from Shu at the head of the river are stationed at Lanwei.
With a piece of paper written by a madman,
I live in Wanliqiao, Chengdu.
Buxunci
My mother planted peaches across the sea,
The flowers fell into the city for two thousand years.
The sea breeze breaks the most numerous branches,
Kneel down and hold the golden plate to offer to the Emperor of Heaven.
Buxunci
A crane returns after a thousand years of beauty,
Condensed elixir is the top of the snow as its clothes.
Everyone listened to the fairy words of the stars,
but they fluttered their wings and flew towards the five clouds.
Ball tossing music
Five-color embroidery reunion,
Dengjun’s tortoiseshell feast.
It is most suitable to be under a red candle,
it is also called before falling flowers.
If the guest who boarded the boat first,
should be given a free boat.
Ball-throwing fun
See the flowers in the early spring,
It is late to hate the morning.
It’s too late to look at the flowers,
but I remember the time before they bloomed.
I am lucky enough to have the pleasure of tossing a ball.
Don’t refuse a glass of it.
He Naqu
The willows are lush and green,
The bamboo branches are infinitely affectionate.
Looking back at Tonglang,
Listen to the sound of singing.
He Naqu
The music is endlessly exciting,
the same tune but different words.
May I live long and be a master.
Waves of sand
The Yellow River has thousands of miles of sand,
Waves of waves are blown by the wind from the end of the world.
Now go straight up to the Milky Way,
and go to the home of the Morning Glory and the Weaver Girl.
Waves on the sand
The waves roar in August,
The head is several feet high and touches the mountain.
In a moment, he entered the sea gate,
The piles of sand were rolled up like snowdrifts.
Waves washing over the sand
Flowing water washes over the sand without pausing,
Before the previous wave disappears, the next wave arises.
It makes people suddenly recall Xiaoxiangzhu,
There are three or two echoes of singing to welcome the gods.
Langtaosha
The spring sun is slanting by the Luoshui Bridge,
The clear blue water can see Qiongsha lightly.
There was a strong wind on the road for no reason,
It stirred up the mandarin ducks and broke out into the waves.
Waves wash over the sand
Don’t say slanderous words are as deep as the waves;
Don’t say that moving guests is like the sinking sand.
Although it is hard work to search for thousands of pounds,
Only after blowing away the cold sand can you find gold.
Langtaosha
The Bianshui River flows eastward with tiger eye patterns,
The clear Huaihe River dawns in duck-headed spring.
Look at the sand washing area at the ferry.
How many people are crossing the world.
Waves washing over the sand
There are flowers on both sides of the Zhuojin River,
The spring breeze blows the waves washing over the sand.
The girl cuts off the mandarin duck brocade,
will flow into the middle to set the sunset.
Langtaosha
The fog is rising on the Chengzhou River in Rizhao,
Gold-mining girls are accompanying Kuma all over the river.
Beautiful women’s jewelry and royal seals,
all come from the waves in the sand.
Waves on the sand
The waves are on the sand at the head of Parrot Island,
The sun is about to set in spring at the brothel.
Swallows holding mud in their mouths fight to return to their homes,
A lonely mad man does not remember his home.
Willow branches
Plum blossoms in Saibei and Qiang flute blowing,
Huainan osmanthus hills.
Please don’t play the songs of the previous dynasty.
Listen to the new version of the willow branches.
Willow branches
The green gate of Yumo hangs down on the ground,
Thousands of golden strands and thousands of silk.
Now we make a knot with the same heart,
I will give it to travelers who don’t know.
Willow branches
Light and graceful occupy the years,
The dancing pavilions are covered everywhere.
When the spring is over, the flying catkins cannot stay.
Let the wind go and fall into other people's homes.
Willow branches
When the spring grass grows in the east city of Nanmo,
I don’t care where I meet.
Peach blossoms and plum blossoms are all praised well,
It must be used to show its beauty.
Willow branches
Outside the city, the spring breeze blows wine flags,
When pedestrians wave their sleeves to the west.
There are countless trees on the streets of Chang'an,
Only the weeping poplar tubes separate them.
Willow branches
The smoky scenery at the head of the Yangtze River is fascinating,
The Sui family palace trees brush against the golden embankment.
The ridge still retains its original appearance,
Waterbirds roost in the half-dipped waves.
Willow branches
welcome the arrival of spring first,
light yellow and light green reflect the tower.
Only because of the graceful and affectionate thoughts,
I was also frustrated by the spring breeze.
Willow branches
There are many willows in Wu Gorge and Wushan.
Morning clouds and dusk rains harmonize with each other from afar.
Because I think about the endless things on the balcony,
I sing the song of bamboo branches to you.
Willow branches
The phoenix palace lightly covers the emerald curtain,
The dragon chi looks at the silk silk in the distance.
The spring water of Yugou complements each other,
The young children of Chang'an were killed wildly.
Willow branches
When the calyx trees were first planted in front of the building,
the beauties were fighting over their waists upstairs.
Thrown in the long street now,
The dew leaves are like crying and wanting to hate someone.
Willow branches
On the Bianshui shore of Emperor Yangdi's palace,
there are several remaining willow trees that cannot survive the spring.
When the wind came in the evening, the flowers were like snow.
They flew into the palace wall and saw no one.
Willow branches
Orioles are flying in the Jingu Garden,
There is a good wind blowing on the copper camel street.
The peaches and plums in the east of the city are all gone in a moment,
The competition is like weeping willows for infinite time.
Treading Lyrics
The moon rises over the spring river and the embankment is flat,
The girls on the embankment walk hand in hand.
Sing all the new words and be happy not to see each other,
The red window reflects the sound of partridges in the trees.
Treading Lyrics
The paths of peach blossoms and willow trees are easy to pass by,
The makeup under the stirrup becomes a song under the moon.
Because this is the Forbidden City of King Xiang,
I still have a slim waist.
Treading Lyrics
The new words are passed from generation to generation,
The sleeves are rolled up and the servant girls are exposed to the wind.
The moon sets and the crows cry, the clouds and rain disperse,
The wandering boy picks up flowers on the street.
Treading Lyrics
At dusk, I hear bamboo branches in the south of the Yangtze River.
People from the south are happy and people from the north are sad.
Since singing new songs in the snow,
until the three spring flowers have faded.
Reminiscing about Jiangnan
Spring is coming, thank you to the people of Luocheng.
The weak Liu Congfeng raises his sleeves suspiciously,
Cong Lan's robe is as wet as a towel,
Sitting alone also frowns.
Reminiscing about Jiangnan
Spring is gone, and I cherish the year of sunshine.
There are still peach blossoms on the flowing water,
There are no words of bamboo leaves in front of the drunken master,
Just waiting to see the blue sky.
The God of Xiaoxiang
The Xiang water flows, the Xiang water flows,
Nine doubtful clouds and objects remain till autumn.
If you ask where the two concubines are,
The fragrant grass in Lingling is full of sorrow.
The God of Xiaoxiang
Bamboo branches, Bamboo branches,
Tears are dotted to express lovesickness.
Chu Ke wants to hear Yao Se’s complaint,
It’s late at night in Xiaoxiang when the moon is bright.
Nostalgia for the past in Xisai Mountain
Wang Jun's boat sailed down to Yizhou,
The king of Jinling lost his spirit sadly.
Qianxun Iron Chain sank to the bottom of the river,
A piece of lowering flag emerged from the stone.
How many times in this life have we regretted the past,
Yamagata is still covered by the cold current.
Today is the day when the world is home,
Therefore, the fortress is rustling and the reeds are rustling in autumn.
Rewarding Lotte at the first banquet in Yangzhou
Bashan Shushui is a desolate place,
I have been abandoned for twenty-three years.
Nostalgic and empty, listening to the flute poems,
When I go to the countryside to read it, I feel like a bad person.
Thousands of sails pass by the side of the sunken boat,
Thousands of trees spring in front of the diseased tree.
Today I heard a song by Jung,
Let me have a glass of wine to keep my spirits up.
Edit this section Liu Yuxi’s discussion on the poem “Wo Yi Xiang”
Wu Jiling
Liu Yuxi’s poem “Wo Yi Xiang” says: “Weeds beside Suzaku Bridge Flowers, the sun sets at the entrance of the Crow Clothes Alley; in the old days, the king's swallows flew into the homes of ordinary people in front of the hall." This poem is one of the "Five Titles of Jinling" composed by Liu Yuxi. It describes the rise and fall of aristocrats in a small way, and the last two lines have been recited for thousands of years and are popular among people.
Usually, the interpretation of the last two lines of the poem is: Swallows used to build nests in the palaces of the royal family, but now because those mansions have disappeared, they have to fly to ordinary people. Home went to build a nest. Here, the changes in human affairs are reflected through the changes in the migration and nesting of swallows, which makes people feel the vicissitudes of the world.
In addition, Shi Buhua said something else in "Xian Yong's Poems", saying: "If he goes away as a swallow, it will be fruitful. The swallow still enters this hall, and the king Xie is scattered, and he has turned into an ordinary common man. That’s it. It’s full of emotion, and the writing is very clever.” Here, the question of whether “Wang Xietang” and “ordinary people’s home” are two different things or the same thing is raised, but the emotion seems to have nothing to do with the overall situation.
However, the strange thing is that some people have made some mistakes in this poem. It is not surprising. Liu Fu's "Qingsuozhayi" quoted Song Dynasty Zhang Dunyi's "Acts of the Six Dynasties" as saying: "Wang Xie, a native of Jinling, has been engaged in navigation all his life. One day, the ship was lost in the sea, and a piece of wood landed on the shore. He saw an old man and a woman. Yi Zao. When he arrived, he lived in the country of Wu Yi. After a long time, he wanted to return home. When he arrived at his home, there were two swallows perched on the beam. He moved them with his hand. Flying to his arm, he took a piece of paper and wrote a small poem, tied it to the swallow's tail, and said: "When it comes to the coming of Huaxu Kingdom, the people are miserable and pity the talents all day long; Yunxuan floats away without news, and sheds tears in the wind hundreds of times." When spring comes, When the swallow flies back, she sees a poem on her body: "In the past, we met each other for a long time, but now we are separated from each other; even if there are words of lovesickness in the coming spring, there will be no swallows flying in the south in March." In the coming year, the swallow will not come. Because Muxie lives in Wuyi Lane, Liu Yuxi's poem says, "... at the entrance of Wuyi Lane..." In this way, if the radical of the word "木" is replaced with the radical of the word "yan", it is clearly replaced by "xie". The family surnames of the two families named Wang and Xie easily became "Wangxie"; in addition, the fictitious Yanyi biography was inserted, which completely changed the original poetic feeling of the handsome Gu Xinghuai and became "Wangxie". Liu Yuxi's love song about chasing old love. If this happens to be heard by Liu Yuxi, who is known as a poet, I really don’t know what his emotions will be like? What can I do?
Liu Yuxi’s poetic style
Liu Yuxi and his poetic style are quite unique. He has a resolute character and a heroic spirit. During the years of exile when he was still suffering from many worries, he did feel heavy psychological distress and sang a series of lamentations of a lonely minister. But he never despaired, and always had the soul of a fighter beating; he wrote "The Gentlemen Called from Langzhou to Beijing Opera in the Tenth Year of Yuanhe to Present Flowers to All the Gentlemen", "Revisiting Xuandu Quatrains" and "A Hundred Tongue Song", Poems such as "Gathering Mosquito Ballads", "Fei Yuan Cao" and "Hua Tuo Lun" repeatedly satirized and criticized political opponents, which led to repeated political repression and blows, but these repressions and blows aroused his stronger passion. Anger and resistance strengthened his poetic temperament in different aspects. He said: "I am from Shandong, and I have been filled with emotions throughout my life" ("Yizhu Shanhui Zen Master"). This kind of "emotion" not only adds to the charming charm of his poems, but also greatly enriches the depth and strength of his poems.
Liu Yuxi’s poems, whether they are short chapters or long pieces, are all concise, lively, and charming. There is a kind of philosopher’s wisdom and poet’s sincerity permeating them, and they are full of artistic tension and majestic momentum. For example, "The old man is saddened by the spring breeze, and the birds of prey are stirred by the autumn frost. . . . I am not weakened by feeling, but I am able to stimulate my strong heart" (Part 2 of "Three Poems on the Study of Ruan Gongti"), "The grass on the edge of the horse is twitching, and the eagle's blue clouds are drowsy." "The sky and the earth are clear and you can look around, and I will help you with your illness on a high platform" ("The First Smell of the Autumn Wind"). Poems such as this are written with high spirits and exciting style, and have the power to uplift and encourage people to improve. As for his seven-character quatrains, they are also unique, such as: "No slanderous words are as deep as the waves, no words are as deep as the waves, and no words are like the sinking sand. Although it is hard to search for thousands of pounds, only after blowing away the wild sand can you find gold." ("Lang Tao Sha Ci") "Nine Songs" Part 8) "The plum blossoms in the north of Saibei are played on the Qiang flute, and the lyrics are played on the osmanthus hill in Huainan. Please don't play the songs of the previous dynasty and listen to the new version of "Willow Branches".
"(Nine Poems on Willow Branches, Part 1) From a poetic point of view, these two works are concise, clear and easy to understand. But if you look at it through one layer, you will realize a kind of independent and unswerving style that is arrogant and independent. The feeling of welcoming and transcending suffering, the vitality of life and the optimistic spirit of abandoning the old and looking for the new, and the inner connotation of a persevering and noble personality. Another example is his famous "Autumn Poems":
Since ancient times, autumn has been a sad and lonely time. I say that the autumn day is better than the spring. The sight of a crane in the sky brings poetry to the blue sky.
The whole poem goes against the traditional sadness of autumn. Viewing, praising autumn, gives autumn a power to guide life, expressing the poet's infinite yearning for the realm of freedom.
Liu Yuxi lived with his father in his early years. Jiaxing, he often went to Wuxing to visit Jiaoran and Lingche, who were famous Zen monks and poet monks in the south of the Yangtze River. According to his autobiography in "Collected Works of Master Che", at that time, he "used two pens and inkstones to accompany him in chanting, saying that children can be taught." " This early experience had a profound impact on his later poetry creation. So, what are Jiaoran and Lingche's poetry advocates? Jiaoran's "Poetic Style" discusses poetry, paying special attention to two aspects. One is that he advocates suffering Thought training requires the poet to return to nature after carefully refining the words. He believes that this nature is the ultimate in poetry; secondly, he attaches great importance to the realm of poetry with profound meaning and clear and uplifting charm. He believes that "if the realm is higher, then one If the first word is lifted up, the body will be high, and if the scene is eccentric, then the first song will be loose." And this "jing", that is, the artistic conception, comes from the state of mind of the creative subject, "the true thoughts are in the dark, and the floating thoughts are reflected in the form and shadow" (Answer to Yu Xiao) "Book of Winter Nights"), that is, the poet's subjective state of mind and aesthetic perception are the most important. Lingche has no poetry that has been handed down to the world, but according to Quan Deyu's "Preface to Sending Lingche to Lushan and Returning to Wozhou", his "heart is empty." There is no trace of writing, so the words are very easy. If you don't leave the normal environment, all the thoughts and worries of life will never come to you... knowing that his heart does not wait for the environment to be quiet and quiet." It is also said that he often "brushes his square robe, sits in a light boat, and travels back. Along the mirror, I can catch beautiful sentences in silence, and then go deep into the emptiness, and all my worries are washed away." It can be seen that Lingche also attaches great importance to winning the ethereal and profound artistic conception in the subject's silent observation, and the language also pursues nature. On the one hand, these insights are influenced by Dali Influenced by the poetry style of Zhenyuan and Zhenyuan, Liu Yuxi paid close attention to the refinement of words and left no trace. On the one hand, it came from Buddhism’s emphasis on “heart”, that is, subjective experience. Liu Yuxi believed deeply in Buddhism and gained samadhi. Many years later, he also said that he wrote poems. A person should "a word can understand a hundred thoughts, and a seat and a horse can conquer thousands of scenes" ("Dong's Wuling Collection"). The first sentence refers to the conciseness and implication of language, and the second sentence refers to the subject's observation and meditation, so he is the same. On the one hand, he attaches great importance to making the language of poetry both exquisite and natural through tempering and polishing, and opposes the use of uncommon words. He proposes that "the use of uncommon words in poetry must have a source...
The poetry of future generations must have evidence. , you can't follow the Tao" ("Liu Guest's Speech Record");
On the other hand, he attached great importance to the observation and meditation of the subject. He once said in "Jiangling Poetry Introduction":
If you can get rid of desire, the ground will be empty, and all the scenery will be empty. When you enter, there will be some release, which is shaped by the words... You will achieve the state due to concentration. The colors are pure and clear; the words are chosen with wisdom, so they are pure and beautiful.
Concentration is the observation that eliminates distracting thoughts, and wisdom is the acquisition of inspiration. Poems written in this way can contain richer connotations and have a deeper artistic conception. Therefore, most of Liu Yuxi's poems are naturally smooth, concise and refreshing, and at the same time have an open and open sense of time and space. For example, his famous lines such as "The new leaves in the fragrant forest urge the old leaves, and the waves in front of the flowing water give way to the waves behind" ("The Poetry of Dun, Uncle Hui and Uncle Hui, The Three Gentlemen All Have Deep Differences"), "Shen Shen" Thousands of sails are passing by the side of the boat, and thousands of trees are springing in front of the diseased trees." ("Rewarding Lotte Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou") is a kind of sentiment he gained after contemplating history and life. This kind of perception appears in the poem as an image, which not only has a broad vision, but also has a span of time, showing the integration of history, reality and the future here.
Liu Yuxi’s epic poems are very praised. These poems use concise words and selected images to express his meditation after experiencing the vicissitudes of life. They contain deep emotions, such as "Reminiscing about the Past in Xisai Mountain", "Wuyi Alley", "Stone City", " Shuxianzhu Temple" are all famous works.
When Wang Jun's boat landed in Yizhou, the king of Jinling lost his temper. Qianxun's iron chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag fell out of the stone. Several times in this life, the past has been forgotten, but Yamagata is still pillowed in the cold current. Today is the day when the world is home, so the forts are rustling and the reeds are blooming in autumn. ("Reminiscence of the Ancients in Xisai Mountain")
There are wild grasses and flowers beside the Zhuque Bridge, and the setting sun is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Lane. In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people. ("Wo Yi Lane")
The previous song is the poet's emotion when standing on Xisai Mountain and looking into the distance. In his heart, there is a strong contrast between eternity and ephemerality: Thousands of sails are racing, iron chains are sinking Jiang, whether it is war, subjugation, chaos, division and reunification, all of these are just passing smoke and fleeting compared to the silent nature. The latter song uses the historical changes of Wang Xie and other noble families to become ordinary people's homes, showing the deep sigh in people's hearts that all prosperity and nobility will be washed away by time.
Liu Yuxi's landscape poems also changed the narrow and bleak style of Dali and Zhenyuan poets, and often wrote a kind of open scene that exceeded the actual distance of space, half virtual and half real. For example, "The clouds on the distant mountains under the water are like snow, and the grass on the flat shore beside the bridge is like smoke" ("The fable of Mr. Wagyu after his drunken trip to Nanzhuang is presented to Lotte and his insights"), "The wild grass is fragrant and the red brocade is on the ground, and the gossamer is dazzling the blue sky" ("Spring Day" The book is sent to the concubine of the 22nd Yang and 82nd concubines of Dongluobai"). Another example is "Looking at the Dongting":
The light of the lake and the moon are harmonious, and there is no windshield on the surface of the pool that has not been polished. Looking at the green mountains and rivers of Dongting in the distance, there is a green snail in the silver plate.
The poet's subjective emotions are blended into this quiet and ethereal scenery of mountains and waters, creating a tranquil and peaceful atmosphere.
However, although Liu Yuxi said that "if you can renounce desire, you will be empty", but he actively participated in Yongzhen's reform, but actually still wanted to realize his life ideals in society; his character is also relatively stubborn, so although Influenced by Buddhists, he was not like the later Bai Juyi, who was sometimes satisfied and sometimes decadent. Instead, he often showed a high and cheerful spirit in his poems. For example, one of the two poems in "Autumn Poems": "Since ancient times, autumn has been sad and lonely, and I say that autumn is better than spring. A crane lining the clouds in the clear sky brings poetry to the blue sky." "Tong Le Tian Climbs Qiling Temple Pagoda ": "It is not difficult to carry each other step by step, leaning on the railing outside the nine-layer cloud. Suddenly, the words and laughter are in the sky, and countless tourists raise their eyes to see." They all have a kind of high-spirited power. Due to the implicit and deep connotation, the open and clear realm and the high and upward emotions, Liu Yuxi's poems appear to be both solemn and clear.
In addition, some poems he wrote influenced by folk songs should also be mentioned. Jiao Ran, Ling Che and others lived in Wu where folk songs flourished. From the perspective of Zen Buddhism, folk songs were frank, natural, lively and simple, which were the ultimate form of language. Therefore, they also drew on the characteristics of folk songs to write poems, which undoubtedly had a great influence on Liu Yuxi. It had a certain influence; Liu Yuxi was demoted to the south many times, where folk songs were popular, so Liu Yuxi often collected folk songs and learned their styles to create poems, such as "Egret":
Egret, the highest grid. The new sweater is no match for the snow, and the birds are noisy and silent. The grass is sleeping alone, and the gurgling stones have been standing for a long time. There are no clouds in the front mountain, flying away into the distant blue.
The poem uses a metaphor to describe one's aloof feelings, but in a brisk folk song style. There are also some works that completely imitate folk songs, such as "Bamboo Branch Ci", "Willow Branch Ci", "Walking on the Dike", "Ta Lyrics", etc. They are all simple, natural, fresh and lovely, exuding the rich flavor of life like folk songs. The following two The first song is particularly expressive:
Looking at the misty waves from the south of the Yangtze River to the north, pedestrians sing in response at night. The peach leaves express love, the bamboo branches express resentment, the water flow is infinite, and the moon shines brightly. ("Walking on the Embankment" No. 2 of 3)
The willows are green and the river is level, and I can hear Lang singing on the bank. The sun rises in the east and rains in the west. It is either sunny or sunny. (One of the two poems of "Zhuzhi Ci")
Edit this paragraph Liu Yuxi's Tomb
After the death of Liu Yuxi, a generation of poets, he was buried in Xingyang, Henan (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou). On the basis of Liu Yuxi's tomb, the Xingyang Municipal Government spent huge sums of money to build a large-scale cultural theme park covering an area of ??more than 280 acres - Liu Yuxi Park.
The tomb of Liu Yuxi is located on the south highland of Liu Village, Langwo, Ershilipu Township (now Yulong Town), east of Xingyang City. It was called Tanshan in ancient times.
The tomb is about 70 meters away from the highway from Zhengzhou to Shangjie, facing south. There is a circular earth mound with a height of about 7.5 meters and a circumference of about 20 meters. According to the "Xingyang County Chronicle" of the Republic of China: "Liu Yuxi's tomb is in Tanshan.