He is studious, knowledgeable and versatile. He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures, and recruited disciples, regardless of wealth. It is said that there are 3000 disciples, 72 of whom are excellent. He became an emissary of cultural exchange. He traveled around the world, and devoted himself to the collation and dissemination of ancient documents, education, sorting out ancient classics such as poems and books, and deleting Chunqiu in his later years. Its students recorded their thoughts and actions in The Analects.
Through lifelong advocacy and the development of Confucianism in past dynasties, Confucius made China's Confucianism the mainstream of China culture and the guiding ideology of China people for more than 2,000 years. The core of Confucius' ideological system is the rule of virtue, and he persistently advocates a benign society and a benign life. The highest standard of Dehua society is "courtesy", and the highest value of Dehua life is "benevolence".
2. Poet Saint Du Fu
Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770), a beautiful Han nationality, was originally from Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province) and later moved to Gongxian County (now Gongxian County, Henan Province). Along with Du Gongbu and Du Fu, it is called Shaoling Night Old. He is a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, a poet saint, a world cultural celebrity and a "poetic immortal" of the same age as Li Bai. Du Fu was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Zhengzhou). His ancestors were Du Yu, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was originally Zuo Shiyi and Yuan Wailang, and later he was called Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu lived in the historical period of Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, and were known as "the history of poetry". Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and was honored as a "poet saint" by later generations. Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down through the ages, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations.
3, the book saint-Wang Xizhi
Shao Yi, a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born in Lian Zhai, a Han nationality. Originally from Langya, Shandong (now Linyi, Shandong), he moved to Huiji (Shaoxing) and wrote Preface to Lanting Collection. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Huiji, which governed Jinting County, and was known as the calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China. Worked as a secretary, general Ningyuan, Jiangzhou secretariat. Later, he was the secretariat of Huiji, who led the right general and was called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". His son, Wang Xianzhi, is also good at calligraphy, and the world is collectively known as the "two kings". . Since then, the Wangs' calligraphy talents have come forth in large numbers.
4、
Cha Sheng-Lu Yu
Tianmen, Hubei, loves tea all his life and is good at tea ceremony. He is famous for the world's first tea monograph, Tea Classic, and has made outstanding contributions to the development of tea industry in China and the world. He is known as "tea fairy", "Cha Sheng" and "Tea God". He is also very good at writing poems, but his poems are few in the world at present. He has a strong interest in tea, long-term investigation and research, familiar with tea planting, breeding and processing technology, and good at tea tasting. Lu Yu lived in Tiaoxi, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province in the early Shang Dynasty (AD 760) and wrote three volumes of Tea Classic, which became the first monograph on tea in the world. All Tang Wen has Autobiography of Lu Yu.
5. guanyu-Guan Yu
Guan Yu was officially appointed as the prefect of Xiangyang and governor of Jingzhou affairs, except that Cao Cao invited Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to make him Hou Ting of Hanshou. Liu Bei was first named as a general of Dangkou, and later as a former general, ranking first among the "Five Tiger Generals" in Shu Han. In 4 1 year after his death, that is, in the three years of Shu Kingdom in the Three Kingdoms (260 years, which happened to be the100th anniversary of his birth), the late Lord was posthumously sealed as a strong Muhou and died. However, from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu was respected by feudal emperors. "The prince is king, the king is emperor, the emperor is holy, and the sky is holy", and there are different opinions. There are boundless temples, and Guan Yu is famous at home and abroad, and has become one of the most worshipped sacred idols in history, so that he is as famous as Confucius and is called "both civil and military saints".
6. Painting Saint-Wu Daozi
Wu Daozi (680-759), a famous Taoist Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty, was a painter in the Tang Dynasty in China. He was called "the sage of painting" by later generations and respected by folk painters as the founder of the mountain. Painting history is called warrior sage. Yang Zhai (now Yuzhou, Henan Province), the largest painter in the Tang Dynasty, was born (about 685) and died (about 758). Little lonely, according to legend, he studied under Zhang Xu and He, but failed to do so, but switched to painting. He used to be an official of the Wei shogunate and a county commander of Yanzhou (now Yanzhou, Shandong Province). When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty roamed Luoyang, he heard his name, served as a doctor in the inner corner, became friends with Ning, changed his name to Daoxuan, and painted in the imperial court. During the Kaiyuan period, Xuanzong knew his name and called him into the palace to teach the children of Neigong to learn painting because he taught doctors in Neigong. Later, he taught Wang Ning, the younger brother of Xuanzong, to learn painting, and was promoted to Wang Ningyou from the fifth grade.
7、
Cao Sheng-Zhang Xu
Zhang Xu's calligraphy began with Zhangzhi and Erwang, with cursive script as the highest achievement. History is called "the sage of grass". He himself is proud of inheriting the tradition of "two kings" and writes very well. On the other hand, he imitated Zhang Zhi's cursive art and created an unpredictable wild grass, which shocked the world. According to legend, he saw the princess arguing with her husband, and he heard the advocacy and got the meaning of brushwork; When I was in Yexian County, Henan Province, I loved watching Gong Sundaniang dance the sword of Xihe River, so I got the grass god. Yan Zhenqing resigned twice and asked him for his brushwork. Zhang Xu is a pure artist. He pours his emotions into stippling, and no one looks at it, and he is as intoxicated as a madman. Tang Hanyu praised in "Preface to Send a Noble Sage to a Master": "Emotion, embarrassment, sadness, happiness, resentment, longing, drunkenness, boredom and injustice, if moving in the heart, must be expressed in cursive script. Looking at things, we can see mountains and rivers, cliffs and canyons, birds, animals, insects, fish and flowers, the sun, the moon and stars, storms and fires, lightning and thunder, singing and dancing battles, and changes in heaven and earth. Congratulations, one is in one book, so the book of Xu is still as unpredictable as ghosts and gods, and it will eventually be praised by later generations. " This is a true portrayal of a real artist's obsession with art. No wonder later generations talked about calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty, and praised Europe, Yu, Chu, Yan, Liu and Su, but they all praised Zhang Xu, which is unique in the history of art.
8. Wine Saint-Du Kang
Du Kang (about10th century BC) was born in Kangjiawei, Baishui County (now Du Kang Town). There is no test of life and death. According to legend, he was the inventor of brewing in Zhou Dynasty. Known as the wine ancestor. Brewing is a great creation of China's national food culture. As the originator of wine, Du Kang opened the source of Chinese wine culture with a long history. He uses distillation to make wine. The process is roughly as follows: first, the grain crops are ground, then fermented to make distiller's grains, and then the distiller's grains containing alcohol are dissolved in water and heated to boil to make distilled water containing alcohol, that is, wine. The first-brewed wine has a rough taste. It is aged in the wine cellar for three years and then purified after being taken out.
9、
Shi Sheng-Sima Qian
Sima Qian is a great historian in the history of China. "He was jailed for his outspoken suggestions, but he was even more angry and wrote a book, creating the Historical Records, a famous historian at all times and all over the world, leaving a precious cultural heritage for the people of China and the people of the world. Sima Qian (former 145 or former 135- former 87? ) was born in xia yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi, Hejin, Shanxi) in the Western Han Dynasty. Born in the fifth year of Zhongjing (BC 145) and the sixth year of jianyuan (BC 135). He died at the age of 48. China, a historian, thinker and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, was honored as "Shi Sheng" by later generations.
10、
Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage
Zhang Zhongjing is a famous machine and is called a medical sage. Nie Yang, Nanyang County (now dengzhou city City, Henan Province, Zhangzhai Village, Gedong Town, Nanyang City, Henan Province). Born between Yuanjia and Yongxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (about 150 ~ 154), he died at the end of Jian 'an (about 2 15 ~ 2 19) and lived for about seventy years. According to legend, it is filial piety and Changsha magistrate, so it is called Zhang Changsha. Zhang Zhongjing likes medicine since he was a child. "Broadcom is a group of books, and you can learn Taoism.