brief introduction
The architectural style of Kaiping Liyuan is based on the "Grand View Garden" in A Dream of Red Mansions, which absorbs China's classical garden architectural art, and combines the popular villa architectural features in Europe and America with oriental decorative art. It is one of China's relatively complete famous gardens combining Chinese and western architectural arts. Kaiping garden
Kaiping Pear Garden has a history of nearly 80 years since 1926. Kaiping Liyuan, located in Huanhua Village, Tangkou Town, Kaiping City, is a private garden built by Mr. Xie Weili, an overseas Chinese living in the United States for ten years. Kaiping Liyuan, named after a famous garden, covers an area of about 1.96 million square meters. It is a combination of traditional gardening, western architecture and the characteristics of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and its unique architectural artistic style of combining Chinese and western styles is unique in China gardens. This unique private garden for overseas Chinese in China has not only the most popular architectural style in the west at that time, but also the most traditional pavilions, terraces, buildings and pavilions in China gardens. It is a natural fusion of Chinese and Western cultures, unique and magnificent, and it is really a treasure of China garden architecture.
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Kaiping Liyuan was built by Mr. Xie Weili, an overseas Chinese living in the United States, in Tangkou Town in the 1920s. Ten years, twenty-five years of the Republic of China (1936), antique furniture in Kaiping Liyuan.
Years) was originally built. Before liberation, the pear garden suffered many misfortunes. Since it was ravaged by Japanese devils, it violently hit the 30-mm-thick iron fence, and then gradually became barren after bandits entered and looted property. After liberation, in order to preserve the whole picture, the county people's government allocated funds for maintenance many times. 1957, Tao Zhu, the first secretary of zhongnanju, inspected the pear garden and instructed to protect everything in the garden. Liyuan used to be a sanatorium for retired cadres of the Central South Bureau. On March 23rd 1983, the Kaiping County People's Government listed Liyuan as the first batch of county-level cultural relics protection units. 19991June 10, the owner's wife, Ms. Xie Yu Qiong Yao (widow of Xie Weili), happily signed a contract with the Kaiping Municipal People's Government of the United States, and sincerely entrusted it to the Municipal People's Government for 25 years, and then she was willing to do so for another 25 years with a term of 50 years. From now on, the Kaiping Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government have decided to carry out a large-scale comprehensive repair and expansion of the Liyuan. The purpose of doing this is to protect the "pear garden" painstakingly built by Mr. Xie Weili, an overseas Chinese-a precious heritage that combines the essence of western architecture and has a unique style, and try to keep its original appearance intact; Carry forward Mr. Xie Weili's aim of building a garden and the spirit of traveling with Gigi Lai, and further make it a national first-class overseas Chinese garden attraction for people to visit and develop Kaiping's tourism industry.
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The owner of the pear garden is Xie Weili. It is natural and understandable that this garden is named after its owner. Everyone thinks so. However, most people ignore an evening fragrance pavilion in Kaiping Liyuan.
The deeper meaning is the meaning of "establishing people". As the saying goes, "it takes ten years to plant trees, but it takes a hundred years to cultivate people." Gardens can't live without trees, but few people are implied in gardens. One of the three islands in Liyuan specializes in planting fruit trees, including longan, litchi and carambola. It means to blossom and bear fruit. There are many other tree species in the garden: vibrant kapok, graceful phoenix, strong fragrant plum, high-spirited bamboo, shady osmanthus, lingering Hua Teng and so on. In fact, the most striking thing in the garden is the palm tree. This tree species grows the most, mostly in pairs, symmetrically standing on both sides of the archway and the main road, and rarely planted alone. After more than 70 years of wind, rain, thunder and lightning, the stems of these palm trees are quite rough, but they are still tall and straight, without lateral branches or bending, and they are still full of vitality, towering above the ordinary trees in the garden, just like upright people, with straight waist and open mind, standing in the garden with awe. This kind of conception of the garden owner can be seen everywhere on the couplets on the terrace in the garden, such as "sincerity can keep the house, determination can be strong, talent can be achieved", "lead an honest life and seek nobles, live a kind life and be a good person", "Lide can make contributions, and the bamboo family in Meiyuan Songyuan will be endless". The owner of the garden not only had this idea in naming and layout, but also had the ambition to implement it. It is said that a school is planned to be built behind the Liyuan, so that all children of the tribe can receive a good education, revitalize the country, serve the country and become pillars of society. However, due to the Japanese invasion of China, the plan was destroyed by the war, and the owner finally failed to do so. Therefore, the name of the pear garden is the same as the owner's name. It cannot be said that it is just a coincidence, but a match made in heaven.
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The layout of the pear garden can be roughly divided into three parts: villa area, big garden area and small flower garden area. The three areas are separated by artificial rivers or fences, and the bird's nest is cleverly opened in Kaiping.
The three areas are connected into a whole by a bridge pavilion or a promenade, which makes people feel that there are gardens in the garden, landscapes, pavilions and pavilions, and the layout is elegant and unique, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. The main entrance of Liyuan is in the south corner of the villa area, and the "Liyuan Canal" is near the door (to the south). The word "Liyuan" in the middle of the gate is both rigid and soft, and the wine is smooth. It was written by calligrapher Wu Daorong in the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934). Enter from the main entrance, walk west along the canal corridor for about 100 meters, and enter the villa area. There are six villas and an ancient watchtower in the villa area, among which "Li Pan" and "Panwen" villas are the most magnificent, and their roofs are built according to the ancient "double eaves" style of China, covered with green glazed tiles, cleverly overhead and become practical insulation layers. Indoor floors and stairs are polished with colored Italian stone, which still shines for more than 60 years. This is the ability of a skilled craftsman to reach the peak, which is amazing. The interior wall is decorated with large-scale color murals, reliefs and large-scale gold-plated wood carvings with the theme of ancient China characters; The color relief is "Liu Bei visits the thatched cottage three times", and the painted wood carving is "six seals". The figures are lifelike, beautifully carved and unique in composition. Western fireplaces are installed on the walls of each floor; Anti-mosquito screens are installed in all windows; There are ancient lamps hanging under the ceiling; Each floor is decorated with exquisite sour branch furniture, which looks antique, elegant and precious, and antique. Water and toilet facilities, such as pumps, tubs, toilets and water tanks, are all purchased from abroad. The heavy door at the door is locked deeply, which makes people feel mysterious. At that time, the family anti-theft facilities were evident. If visitors can climb a flight of stairs to the fourth floor, they can see the setting of Mr. Xie Weili's "Ancestral Temple", which is not only unique in architectural technology, but also has an inscription: "Living for Dexing nationality, and Zudechang protects the family", which shows that the spirit of the owner's love for the nation and the country is really admirable. There is a big garden in the west of the villa area, which is arranged in the north-south direction (that is, facing south), mainly taking Liyuan Archway and Li Ben Daosheng Archway as the axis.
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Yu Pei Villa
There is a tower villa named "Yu Pei" in the southwest corner of the big garden. The villa is small and exquisite, and the construction technology is first-class. There is a four-story villa in Yu Pei.
Architecture is an ingenious idea of the owner, imitating the styles of ancient China, Japanese sleeping posture, Italian Tibetan style and Roman palace. The patterns of each floor are carefully selected and skillfully connected with four "red hearts" to form a unique round pattern, which is embedded in the center of each hall with a colorful Italian stone mill. Presumably, it is the owner's heartfelt feelings for Huei-fang. This villa was built by the owner to commemorate my beloved concubine, which can be described as ingenious.
pailou
The archway was built in 1926- 1936, covering an area of 69 square meters (the annex is 5 meters wide) and 4.3 meters high. The main building is 4 meters wide and 6.5 meters high. The roof adopts the traditional blue tile roof structure in China. On the ridge of the beam, two dragons compete for pearls, and four dragons walk obliquely. The appearance and layout are extraordinary, which means outstanding and inspires future generations to study hard. Behind it is a desk for drying books, covering an area of 260 square meters, surrounded by stone mills to wash rice, and the building fences and pillars are decorated with inverted lotus flowers.
Crossing Hongqiao Wanxiang Pavilion
The bridge was built in 1936, with a length of10.5m and a width of 5m, spanning north and south. The Evening Fragrant Pavilion was built on it, with a width of 5 meters, a depth of 4.6 meters and a projected area of 22.5 square meters. The pavilion is two stories high, with glazed tile roof and stone walls. Because the two sides of the bridge are east-west, there are all kinds of fruit trees and fragrant flowers around, which are fragrant in the morning and evening. The combination of meaning and scenery is amazing. The wind-fire tower is built between 1926- 1936, and the wind-fire tower is a pair. Tower bottom diameter 1 m, height 6.5m. It has five floors, glazed tile roof, hexagonal tower body, light mud yellow, arched tower window and white edge. Surrounded by a circular pool with a diameter of 4 meters, there are water lilies and goldfish in the pool. It is said that this pagoda is based on the pagoda in the hands of Li Jing, the king of Totata, in the Book of Gods, which means tower town.
Tiger Mountain and Tiger Whip
Built in 1926- 1936, the steel pole is 18m high and the cement floating foundation is 2m high. Playing tiger whip is a pair of feng shui poles. According to legend, Mr. Wei Li, the owner of the garden, is from Hushan.
He returned to his hometown to build a pear garden, and his business in the United States once declined, so he invited Mr. Feng Shui to visit the pear garden. As a cloud, the Tiger Mountain opposite the big archway is in the same phase as the pear garden, so a pair of tiger whips must be set up at the current site to restrain the tiger's potential. The gardener ordered a pair of tiger whips in West Germany, sent them to Hong Kong, and then shipped them back for installation. After the tiger whip was erected, the business of the garden owner became more and more prosperous.
Letian building
Lotte Building, built at 1926, is a watchtower with a projected area of 37 square meters, 6.5 meters ×5.7 meters and a height of 5 floors. The whole building is rammed with cement, with a wall thickness of about 30 cm and a square column with holes around it. It is a public shelter built by villagers to prevent floods and bandits, hence the name "Lotte Building".
Cui Yi Pavilion
Built between 1926- 1936 with a projected area of 20 square meters, it is a traditional hexagonal pavilion in China. The columns and columns are made of washed stone rice, and the top ventilation window is obliquely installed with glass, which is bright and breathable. There is a plastic golden dragon hanging in the center of the roof of the inner hall, with a jade pendant in its mouth and glittering scales. Six-sided modeling folk customs: Penglai Fairy Scene, Ming Taizu Moon Palace, Queen Mother's Birthday, Shouxing Peach, Nong Yu Xiao Lang, and Tiannv Scattered Flowers. The characters in the painting are lifelike.
Hua Teng Pavilion
Built in 1926- 1936, covering an area of *** 150 square meters. The top is modeled after the Queen of England's golden crown, and the four walls are reinforced concrete. According to legend, all kinds of vines, trees and flowers in the four corners of the pavilion bloom all year round, and guests smell the flowers before entering the park. There is a pool in the pavilion, which is said to be a turtle pond. It is associated with the Bird's Nest beside the pavilion, which means that birds are singing and flowers are blooming.