1. What are the characteristics of the writing style of the classical Chinese article "Sima Guang's Love of Learning"
"Sima Guang's Love of Learning" uses contrasting techniques to suddenly reveal Sima Guang's characteristics of "love to learn and diligent" .
Original text:
1 When Sima Wen Gong was young, 2 he asked about his sufferings and 3 he was not as good as a human being. During the group training, 4 brothers 5 finished reciting, and then rested; alone 12 lowered the curtain and 13 were completely recited, 6 then stopped reciting 7 times. The one who exerts more force will achieve farther, and what he recites carefully will be remembered throughout his life. Wen Gong9 said: "The book must be recited. 10 Either on horseback, or when staying up late at night, 11 chant the text and think about its meaning, and you will gain a lot." (Excerpted from "The Words and Deeds of Famous Officials in Three Dynasties" edited by Zhu Xi Record")
Notes:
1: Sima Wen Gong: After Sima Guang's death, he was posthumously given the title of Wen Guo Gong, so he was called Sima Wen Gong.
2: Suffer: Worry, worry.
3: Not as good as: not as good as. If: Such as.
4: Public: numerous.
5: both: already.
6: 訨: arrive; wait.
7: Double recitation: recite. Times: Tong "back", recite.
8: Nai: So, just, only.
9: taste: once.
10: Or: Sometimes
11: Chant: chant.
12: The Curtain: Originally refers to Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty who lowered the curtain to give lectures and did not look out the window for three years. This is used here to mean concentrating on reading.
13: Juebian: According to the "Historical Records: Confucius Family", Confucius read "The Book of Changes" and "Wei compiled three unique things" (meaning that the more times he read it, the more cowhide ropes used to weave the wooden slips were used). times broken), here it refers to diligent study.
14: Midnight: midnight.
Sima Guang was eager to learn, one of the ancient Chinese inspirational allusions to diligent study. It tells the story of Sima Guang, a statesman and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty, who when he was a child, he was strict with himself, raced against time, studied hard alone, and finally succeeded in his studies despite the fact that he had "nothing to remember". The story of Sima Guang's diligent study vividly illustrates the principle of "diligence can make up for weakness" and "God rewards diligence". 2. Sima Guang's Classical Chinese
When Sima Guang was seven years old, he was as awe-inspiring as an adult. He heard the Zuo Family's Spring and Autumn Annals, fell in love with it, and retreated to teach it to his family, thus realizing its purpose. Since I can't put down the book, I don't know the hunger, thirst, cold or heat. A group of children were playing in the court. One child climbed onto an urn and fell into the water. Everyone abandoned him. They just hit the urn with a stone and broke it. Water burst out and the child survived. ——"History of the Song Dynasty"
When Sima Guang was seven years old, he was as serious as an adult. He listened to the teacher explaining "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu" and loved it very much. After school, he told his family what he had learned. , so he also understood the connotation of "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu". From then on, he never left the book, and even forgot about hunger, thirst, cold and heat. One time, he was playing in the backyard with his friends. A child climbed up to play in a large tank and lost his footing and fell into the water in the tank. When the other children saw that something was wrong, they gave up on him and ran away. However, Sima Guang was so anxious that he picked up a big stone from the ground and threw it at the water tank. The water splashed out and the child was saved.
When Sima Wen Gong was young, he suffered from ① being unable to remember and ask questions as well as ② others. Living in groups for lectures, all the brothers have finished reciting, and then rest in ③; alone (10) comes to the end of the last chapter (11), and ④ can be recited twice as much as ⑤, and then stops in ⑥. Those who exert more force will achieve farther, and those who recite it carefully will never forget it throughout their lives. Wen Gongchang said: "The book must be recited. Either on horseback or when you are up at night, you can chant the text and think about its meaning, and you will gain a lot."
This article is selected from "Three Dynasties" Record of the Words and Deeds of Famous Officials"
Sima Wen Gong: Sima Guang, a politician and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. After Sima Guang's death, he was given the title of "Wen Guo Gong", so he was called Sima Wen Gong.
Already: Already.
The curtain originally refers to Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty who lowered the curtain to give lectures and did not look out the window for three years. This is used here to mean concentrating on reading.
Absolute edition: According to "Historical Records: Confucius Family", Confucius read "The Book of Changes" and "Wei compiled three unique" (meaning that the cowhide rope used to compile the wooden slips was broken many times after reading it too many times) ), here it refers to diligent study.
① Suffering: Worry. ②If: Such as.
③zhong: numerous ④訨: arrive; wait.
⑤ Double recitation: "Double" refers to "recite", which means "recite".
⑥ is: talent ⑦ taste: once ⑧ or: sometimes
⑨ chant: chant. ⑩ Du: Alone
?The final chapter refers to two allusions about Dong Zhongshu and Confucius’ attitude towards learning. Now it means studying very hard and attentively.
When Sima Guang was young, he worried that his ability to memorize poems and books in preparation for responses was not as good as others. Everyone studied and discussed together. Many brothers had already learned how to recite and went to play and rest. However, Sima Guang studied hard alone, still concentrating on studying and studying hard, and did not stop until he could recite skillfully. Because the more effort he puts into reading, the rewards will be long-term. The books he has read and memorized intensively will be remembered throughout his life. Sima Guang once said: "You cannot read without memorizing. Sometimes when you are on the carriage, sometimes when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, you will recite the article you have read and think about its meaning, and you will gain a lot!" 3. Sima Guang's study What are the characteristics of Sima Guang?
Characteristics of Sima Guang's study:
Study hard, chant his articles, and think about their meanings, and you will gain a lot. Don't be afraid of hardship or tiredness.
The following are related stories:
When Sima Guang was young, he worried that his ability to memorize poems and books in preparation for responses was not as good as others. Everyone studied and discussed together. The other brothers had already learned how to recite and went to play and rest. (Sima Guangque) studied hard alone, as focused and hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius when they were studying, until they could recite skillfully. (Because) if you have more energy to study now, the harvest will be long-term. The books he has read and memorized intensively will be remembered throughout his life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without memorizing. When you are riding a horse or walking, or when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, you can recite the article you have read and think about its meaning. You will gain a lot!" 4. Sima Guang's classic Chinese essays
Classical Chinese:
Sima Guang was seven years old, as awe-inspiring as an adult. He heard the lectures on "Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals" and loved them. Since I can't put down the book, I don't know the hunger, thirst, cold or heat. A group of children were playing in the court. One child climbed onto an urn and fell into the water. Everyone abandoned it. They just hit the urn with a stone and broke it. Water burst out and the child survived.
Explanation:
When Sima Guang was seven years old, he was as sensible as an adult. He listened to the teacher explaining "Spring and Autumn" and loved it very much. After school, he told his family what he had learned. , so he also understood the connotation of Spring and Autumn. From then on, he never left the book, even forgetting hunger, thirst, cold and heat, and devoted himself to the book.
One day, a group of children were playing hide and seek in the courtyard. One child stumbled and fell into the large tank filled with water in the yard. The other children were so frightened that they ran away. Sima Guang responded and broke the tank with a stone in his hand, so the water in the tank flowed out. The child was also saved. 5. Classical Chinese Sima Guang
Sima Guang, whose courtesy name was Junshi, was from Xia County, Shaanxi Province. His father's name is Sima Chi, and he is appointed to the Tianzhang Pavilion. When Sima Guang was 7 years old, he was already like an adult. He especially enjoyed listening to "Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals" being told. After understanding the gist of it, he came back to tell it to his family. From then on, I couldn't put it down for "Zuo's Spring and Autumn", and even forgot about hunger, thirst, cold and heat. A group of children were playing in the courtyard. One child stood on top of a large vat and lost his footing. He fell into the vat and was submerged in water. The other children ran away. Sima Guang smashed the vat open with a stone, and the water flowed out, and the children survived. . Later, people from Chang'an and Luoyang recorded this incident in pictures and spread it widely. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty of Renzong's reign, he became a Jinshi in the Jia family. When he was just twenty years old, he didn't like luxury and extravagance by nature. When attending a wedding banquet, he was the only one who did not wear flowers. People around him said: "Flowers are given by the king and cannot be violated." So he put a flower on the brim of his hat. On a flower.
When Sima Guang was appointed as the Minister of Fengli, his father Sima Chi was in Hangzhou. He asked his father to sign the post of Suzhou magistrate for his salary, and the court approved it. Soon my mother and father died one after another. They had been in mourning for many years, and their bodies were broken due to grief.
When envoys from Liao and Xia arrived, they would definitely ask about Sima Guang's physical condition and warn their border officials: "The great country in the Central Plains has appointed Sima Guang as prime minister. Don't cause trouble easily and open the border." Conflict." Sima Guang thought that the court was obeying his advice, so he wanted to use his body to make the country stronger and handle national affairs personally, day and night. When the guests saw that Zhuge Liang was in frail health, they used Zhuge Liang as a warning because he ate less and had many things to do. Sima Guang said: "Death and life are determined by fate." He worked harder.
After becoming seriously ill, he was not very clear-headed and was still discussing things in his sleep, but they were all important national affairs.
Sima Guang (November 17, 1019 - 1086), courtesy name Junshi, nickname Yuosou, Han nationality, a native of Sushui Township, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province), known as Mr. Sushui in the world . Politician, historian and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. He served as an official in the four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong and Zhezong. He was given the posthumous title of Taishi and Wen Guogong after his death. He was gentle, humble, upright and hardworking. He boasts that "when the day is insufficient, the night is followed". His personality can be regarded as a model under the teachings of Confucianism and has always been admired by others.
He was a Jinshi during the reign of Renzong of Song Dynasty, and a direct bachelor at Longtuge during the reign of Emperor Yingzong of Song Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he opposed Wang Anshi's reform. Many people inside and outside the court opposed it, and Sima Guang was one of them. After Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang left the court for fifteen years and presided over the compilation of the first chronological general history in Chinese history, Zizhi Tongjian. He wrote many works in his life, mainly including the historical masterpieces "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", "Collected Works of Wen Guo Wenzheng and Sima Gong", "Ji Gu Lu", "Sushui Ji Wen", "Qianxu", etc.