1. Tang Gaozu Li Yuan Tang Gaozu Li Yuan (born in Chang'an in 566 and died in Chang'an in 635) was the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty.
2. Tang Taizong, named Li Shimin (599-649), was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty. His name means "helping the world and calming the people." Taizong was his temple name after his death. He was also a military strategist, politician and calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty. He initiated the famous "Reign of Zhenguan" in history and pushed China's feudal society to its heyday.
3. Emperor of Tang Dynasty. The ninth son of Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. The word is good. In the fifth year of Zhenguan (631), he was granted the title of King of Jin. In the seventeenth year, he was established as the prince. He ascended the throne in the twenty-third year.
4. Wu Zetian (624-705) is the only female emperor in Chinese history, revered as the Shengshen Emperor of Wu Zhou.
5. Tang Ruizong Li Dan (662-716), the fifth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (if Wu Zetian is not counted as the emperor of the Tang Dynasty), his reign was from 684 to 690 and 710-712.
6. Li Chongmao (695-?), the youngest son of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty, was born to Empress Wei and was formerly known as King Wen. After Zhongzong was poisoned to death in 710, Empress Wei ascended the throne to Li Chongmao, who was only 16 years old at the time, and changed the title to "Tang Long".
7. Li Longji (685-762), emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned 712-756); Li Longji was the third son of Ruizong Li Dan, and his temple name was "Xuanzong", hence his name " Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty", also had the posthumous title of "The Great Sage, the Ming Xiao Emperor", so he was also called Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty, and was later named Emperor Shengwen and Shenwu of the Yuan Dynasty.
8. Tang Suzong Li Heng (711-762), the third son of Tang Xuanzong, the seventh emperor of the Tang Dynasty (excluding Wu Zetian, reigned from 757 to 762)
9. Tang Dynasty Emperor Li Yu (726-779), the eldest son of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty. First named Chu, he was granted the title of King Guangping. He was the eighth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (excluding Wu Zetian, reigned from 763 to 779). He reigned for 17 years and died at the age of 54.
10. Tang Dezong Li Shi (742-805) (pronounced Kuò), the eldest son of Tang Dynasty, the ninth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (excluding Wu Zetian, reigned from 780 to 805), Reigned for 26 years. He was 64 years old.
11. Tang Shunzong Li Song (761-806), the eldest son of Tang Dezong, the tenth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (excluding Wu Zetian, reigned in 805). In the fourteenth year of the Dali calendar (779), he was established as the crown prince. He ascended the throne in the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805) and changed his name to Yongzhen.
12. Tang Xianzong Li Chun (born in 778 and died in 820), the 11th emperor of the Tang Dynasty (except Wu Zetian), his reign was from 805 to his death.
13. Tang Mu Zong Li Heng (795-824), formerly known as You. In the seventh year of Yuanhe (812), he was established as the crown prince and changed his name to Heng. He was the 12th emperor of the Tang Dynasty (excluding Wu Zetian, reigned from 820 to 824). He reigned for 4 years and died at the age of 30.
14. Tang Jingzong Li Zhan (809-826), emperor of the Tang Dynasty. The eldest son of Tang Muzong. He was the thirteenth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (excluding Wu Zetian, reigned from 824 to 826). He reigned for 3 years and died at the age of 19.
15. Tang Wenzong Li Ang (809-840), the second son of Tang Muzong. The younger brother of Tang Jingzong. In the second year of Jingzong's Baoli reign (826), he was proclaimed emperor by the eunuch Wang Shoucheng and others. He was the fourteenth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (excluding Wu Zetian, reigned from 827 to 840). He reigned for 14 years and died at the age of 32.
16. Tang Xuanzong Li Chen (810-859), the 16th emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned from 847-859, excluding Wu Zetian), was originally named Yi, and his predecessor was King Guang, reigned for 13 years.
17. Tang Yizong Li Min (November 14, 833-873), the seventeenth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (except Wu Zetian, reigned from 860 to 873), reigning for 14 years Years old, 41 years old.
18. Tang Xizong Li Xuan (862-888) (Xuan is pronounced as Xuān), the 18th emperor of the Tang Dynasty (excluding Wu Zetian). The fifth son of Emperor Yizong of Tang Dynasty, his first name was Yan. He reigned from 873 to 888. He reigned for 13 years at the age of 27. His posthumous title was Emperor Huishenggong Dingxiao after his death.
19. Tang Zhaozong Li Ye (867-904), formerly known as Jie, also known as Min, was the nineteenth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (excluding Wu Zetian, reigned from 889 to 904). He reigned for 16 years and died at the age of 38.
20. Emperor Ai of the Tang Dynasty, Li Nao (892-908), whose original name was Zuo. The ninth son of Tang Zhaozong, the last emperor of the Tang Dynasty (the twentieth generation, excluding Wu Zetian, reigned from 904 to 907), reigned for 3 years and was deposed. He died the next year at the age of 17 and was buried in Wenling.
Temple name, posthumous title, name, reign time and year
The great ancestor Shen Yao, the great sage Da Guangxiao, the emperor Li Yuan 618-626, Wude 618-626 years
Taizong, the Great Sage of Civil and Military Affairs, Emperor Dahongxiao, Li Shimin in 627-649, Zhenguan in 627-649 years
Emperor Gaozong, Great Sage, Dahongxiao Emperor, Li Zhi in 650-683 years, Yonghui in 650-655 years< /p>
Xianqing 656-661
Longshuo 661-663
Lindé 664-665
Qianfeng 666-668
General chapter 668-670
Xianheng 670-674
Yuan 674-676
Yifeng 676-679
Tiaolu 679-680
Yonglong 680-681
Kaiyao 681-682 Years
Yongshun 682-683 years
Hongdao 683 years
Zhongzong
(deposed by Empress Wu) Yamato Daisheng Emperor Zhaoxiao Li Xian 684 years,
(and 705-710 years) Sisheng 684 years
Ruizong
(deposed by Empress Wu) Xuanzhen The Great Sage, Daxing Xiao, Emperor Li Dan, 684 years,
(and 710-712 years) Civilization 684 years
Ze Tianshun, the Holy Queen, Wu Zhao, 684 years-705 years, Guangzhai 684 years
Cui Gong 685-688
Yongchang 689
Zaichu 690
Wu Zhou (690-705)
Zetian Great Sage Emperor Wu Zhao 684-705 Tianshou 690-692 years
Ruyi 692 years
Longevity 692-694 years
Longevity 692-694 years
p>
Extension of 694 years
695 years of sanctification
Long live Tianzhu 695-696 years
Long live Dengfeng 696 years
Long Live Tongtian 696-697
Magic Year 697
Sacred Calendar 698-700
Long View 700 Years
Dazu 701
Chang'an 701-704
Restoration of the Tang Dynasty
Zhongzong (Chongzuo) Yamato, Great Sage, Great Zhaoxiao, Emperor Li Xian ( See 684 years,)
705-710 Shenlong 705-707 years
Jinglong 707-710 years
The young emperor Li Chongmao 710 years of the Tang Dynasty Long 710 years
Ruizong (Chongzuo) Xuanzhen Great Sage Daxingxiao Emperor Li Dan (see 684 years,)
710-712 Jingyun 710-711
p>Tai Chi 712
Yanhe 712
Xuanzong, Great Sage, Mingxiao, Emperor Li Longji 712-756 Xiantian 712-713
Kaiyuan 713-741
Tianbao 742-756
Su Zong, the great sage of civilization and martial virtue, the great xuanxiao emperor Li Heng 756-762 to De 756 Year-758
Qianyuan 758-760
Shangyuan 760-761
Daizong Ruiwen Xiaowu Emperor Li Yu 762-779 Nian Baoying 762-763
Guangde 763-764
Yongtai 765-766
Dali 766-779
p>Dezong Shenwu Xiaowen Emperor Li Shi 780-805 Jianzhong 780-783
Xingyuan 784
Zhenyuan 785-805< /p>
Shunzong Zhide, Great Sage Daanxiao Emperor Li Song 805 years Yongzhen 805th year
Xianzong Zhaobian Wu Dasheng Zhishengxiao Emperor Li Chun 806 years -
820 Yuanhe 806-820 years
Mu Zongrui Shengwen Huixiao Emperor Li Heng 821-824 Changqing 821-824 years
Jingzong Ruiwu Zhao Minxiao Emperor Li Heng Zhan 824-826 Baoli 824-826
Wenzong Yuanshengzhao Xianxiao Emperor Li Ang 826-840 Baoli 826
Yamato 827-835
Kaicheng 836-840
Wuzong Zhidao Zhao Suxiao Emperor Li Yan 840-846 Huichang 841-846
Xuanzong Shengwu Xianwen Xiao Emperor Li Chen 846-859 Dazhong 847-859
Yizong Zhaosheng Gonghui Xiao Emperor Li Miao 859-873 Dazhong 859
Xian Tong 860-873 years
Xizong Huishenggong Dingxiao Emperor Li Xuan 873-888 Xiantong 873-874 years
Qianfu 874-879 years
p>Guangming 880-881
Zhonghe 881-885
Guangqi 885-888
Wende 888 Years
888-904 Emperor Li Ye of Emperor Zhaozong, Mu Jingwenxiao, 889 years of Longji
890-891 years of Dashun
892 years of Jingfu -893
Qianning 894-898
Photochemical 898-901
Tianfu 901-904
< p>Tianyou 904Ai Emperor Zhaoxuan Guanglie mourned the filial emperor* Li Jue 904-907 Tianyou 904-907 year
Li Jue's original posthumous title was Emperor Ai, but it was changed by Li Siyuan, Emperor Mingzong of the later Tang Dynasty. His posthumous title is Emperor Zhao Xuan Guang Lie Ai Xiao.
Answer: ws8188 - Qianzong Level 5 2-3 09:38
Part One
Foreword
The emperor was in ancient times The title given to the highest ruler in the world. The emperor is the Son of Heaven, so he is naturally not an ordinary person. Since Qin Shihuang called himself emperor, a whole set of systems and etiquette norms have been formed around the emperor. Everything related to the emperor has a special title: the emperor's words are imperial edicts, orders are called imperial edicts, and his actions are "lucky", and his residence is It is called palace or forbidden, the burial place is called mausoleum, death is called "die beng", he calls himself "I", and subjects should call him "Your Majesty" or "Holy Lord"... The national legal system has strict regulations on the dignity and authority of the emperor. , are sacred and inviolable, let alone tampered with. The emperor's words and deeds were also recorded by specialized institutions and personnel. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there was the National History Museum, where the prime minister supervised the compilation of national history and was responsible for compiling notes on daily life, national history, and emperor records. In ancient times, if someone made rash comments about the emperor, they would most likely be regarded as "rebuking the Supreme Being" and be dealt with seriously, and even bring disaster to the whole family.
However, sometimes, emperors are not as good as ordinary people. They don't always stick to their word, sometimes they become the posters and puppets of others, and sometimes they can't even predict their own life or death. This is because the emperor's personal destiny is often closely related to the political environment in which he lives. For example, emperors in the late Tang Dynasty were often deposed and established by eunuchs, and if they were not careful, they would die at the hands of domestic slaves.
Every dynasty change in Chinese history is a change of imperial surnames. The royal family of the Tang Empire (618-907) was surnamed Li, so it was often called "Li Tang". Due to its unique development conditions and environment, the Li and Tang Dynasties created a splendid culture of national unity, social stability, economic development, ethnic integration, and self-confidence and openness. Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was a famous international metropolis with a population of one million. The open Tang Empire attracted foreign students, educated monks, Hu merchants, Tibetan generals and envoys from all over the world. Tang Taizong was also revered as the emperor of all ethnic groups - Tian Khan. As the saying goes, "A three-foot-old boy can recite the poems of Li Bai and Du Fu." The Chinese gathering places in Europe and the United States are called "Chinatowns", which shows the infinite charm and far-reaching influence of Tang culture. The emperors of the Tang Dynasty described in this book were a special group living in such a historical time and space.
Starting from the founder of the country, Li Yuan, there were 20 male emperors under the imperial line of the Tang Dynasty. However, the Holy Emperor Wu Zetian disrupted this purely male inheritance system.
This is one of the most distinctive features of the Tang Dynasty compared with all unified dynasties in history. Wu Zetian's proclaimed emperor changed the male-centered throne succession system, which was unprecedented and shocking (Empress Lu of the Western Han Dynasty once proclaimed herself emperor for 15 years, but did not proclaim herself emperor; Empress Xiaozhuangwen and Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty controlled The imperial surname was not changed). However, after Wu Zetian became emperor, she also encountered a big problem in the choice of successor: she did not depose the descendants of Li and Tang Dynasty as emperors when she became emperor. She could not cut off the countless ties between her husband Gaozong and her son, and she kept cutting off the relationship with her husband Gaozong and his son. Li Tang's natural complex finally returned power to the Li family. During her lifetime and after her death, the descendants of Li and Tang Dynasties never regarded her as a royal descendant of the family. "Loving mother" and "famous monarch" were the evaluations given to her by her successors. Lu Sui, a historian of the Wenzong Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty, said in "The Record of Xianzong" that Tang Xianzong "inherited the foundation of the eleventh leaf", including Wu Zetian. Therefore, Wu Zetian cannot be excluded from Li Tang's imperial system in any case.
We followed the order from Emperor Gaozu to Emperor Ai, using local close-ups and long shots to slowly zoom out, sometimes describing in detail, sometimes overlooking the overview, commenting on the 21 emperors of the Tang Dynasty in detail, and showing the Tang Dynasty. The ups and downs of palace life in the empire. The technique is eclectic, but I just hope that in the flash of the shutter again and again, through focusing from different angles, I can capture the palace secrets and character stories hidden in the historical archives, and see through the 290 years of the rise and fall of the Tang Empire.
Part One
Gaozu Li Yuan
The first year of Wude (618) - the ninth year (626)
Li Yuan, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, was a great The founder of the Tang Empire.
Statue of Emperor Gaozu However, for many years, people have said that the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty must first be called Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, especially because of Mao Zedong’s famous poem "Qinyuanchun·Snow" that chants "Emperor Qin, Han Wu, Emperor Tang Zong and Song Zu". This tendency is further deepened. The great ancestor Li Yuan has always lacked the proper impression in people's minds, and is somewhat overshadowed by the fame of his son Taizong's "Reign of Zhenguan".
As everyone knows, Li Yuan is really a courageous and powerful politician. Not only was he good at seizing the opportunity to create a generation of emperors, he also had a far-sighted vision and was politically aggressive, laying the foundation of the Tang Empire. As the founder of the glorious Tang Empire, Li Yuan not only possessed the outstanding political talents and courage of all entrepreneurs in the history of our country, but also possessed a character that many politicians did not possess. Li Yuan was born into a noble family, which is different from the Western Han Dynasty Emperor Liu Bang who was born as a pavilion chief in Surabaya, and also different from the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang who was born as a cowherd boy and served as a young monk. It is also different from the Mongolian, Manchu and other ethnic minorities who came to dominate the Central Plains. The founders of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty were different. It can be said that the ups and downs in the personal political career of the great ancestor Li Yuan are as full of infinite charm as the rise and fall of the Tang Empire. Now, let us clear away the layers of fog surrounding Li Yuan and reveal the historical grace that the founder of the Tang Empire should have.
Li Tang's family background: princes and nobles
Li Yuan was born in Chang'an (today's Xi'an City) in the first year of Tianhe (566), the first year of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yuwen Yong. Because he later ascended the throne and established the Tang Dynasty, people called the Tang Dynasty "Li Tang".
As for the twenty-first emperor of the Tang Dynasty, there are many discrepancies and doubts in old historical records about Li Yuan’s family background and place of birth. For example, as for his place of birth, the "New Book of Tang" written by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi of the Song Dynasty records that he was born in Longxi Chengji, while the "Cefu Yuangui" compiled by the same people of the Song Dynasty and the "Old Book of Tang" written by the Five Dynasties recorded that he was from Longxi Chengji. He was a Taoist from Di in Longxi and settled in Wuchuan during the reign of Li Yuan's great-grandfather Li Xi. After research, some historians believe that although there are some traces of Li Tang's ancestors, he "did not move his town or family to Wuchuan." As for his ancestors, they say that his ancestors were Li Guang, a famous general in the Western Han Dynasty, who later settled in Longxi and became Taizu (Grandfather Li Hu) The famous local families of Huabiao and Shihu in Yongling also changed their surnames to Longxi, which may not be true. Li Yanshou, a native of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a hundred volumes of "History of the North". He wrote a "preface" after the whole book, and even praised it as "the ancestor of Li" from the Gaoyang family of Emperor Zhuan Xu (zhuān xū). During the reign of Emperor Yao of the Tang Dynasty, the Gaoyang family had a son named Tingjian, who was an official in Dali, so he called himself the Li family. During the Shang Dynasty, his ancestors were offended by Zhidao and fled into seclusion. Because they survived by eating wood, they changed their name to the Li family. Li Er, the Zhuxia Shi of the Zhou Dynasty, was his ancestor. In this way, there are many elements of whitewashing Li Tang's family background, but the key is to add some dazzling halo.
According to the famous historian Chen Yinke: "The ancestors of Li Tang were originally Han nationality, or they were the 'broken residence' of the Li family in Zhaojun who moved to Bairen, or they were the 'fake brand' with the surname of A'shu in Guang, a neighboring city, and were neither the sect of Huasheng" , so it gradually became popular with Hu customs, and the name was not elegant and tame." It should be noted that since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, society has paid attention to family status and family origin, so this problem in Li Tang's family is reasonable and not surprising. .
Persian Silver Coins of the Sui and Tang Dynasties
It cannot be denied that during the reign of Li Yuan's grandfather Li Hu, his family began to prosper. Because Li Hu actively participated in the coup of the late Wei power minister Yu Wentai and succeeded, he was called the "Eight Pillars State" together with Yu Wentai, Taibao Li Bi, Da Sima Duguxin and other eight people. Because of his meritorious service, he became the founding official of the Western Wei Dynasty, was promoted to Taiwei, and was given the Xianbei surname Daye. Li Tang's ancestors obviously relied on military merit to make their fortune, and later relied on marriage to consolidate this family tradition. The military families with the Eight Pillar States as the core were often called the Guanlong military aristocratic group in history. Due to the close friendship between Li Hu and Yuwentai, when Yuwentai's son usurped the (Western) Wei and established the (Northern) Zhou Dynasty, even though he himself was dead, he was still posthumously named Duke of Tang. At this point, Li Yuan's family background was connected with Tang Dynasty. The so-called Tang Dynasty refers to the Tang Dynasty of Yao in the legendary Yao, Shun, and Yu. Li Yuan's father, Li Bing, served as the general manager of Anzhou and the general of Zhuguo during the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and succeeded to the title of Tang Guogong. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Li Yuan followed his grandfather Li Hu as Emperor Taizu Jing and his father as Emperor Shizu Yuan.
During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Li Yuan's father moved to Chang'an. Due to his father's early death, Li Yuan, the fourth in the family, succeeded Tang Guogong at the age of 7. His mother, Dugu Shi, was the daughter of Dugu Xin, who was also from the Bazhuguo family. Duguxin's eldest daughter was the empress of Emperor Ming of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and his other daughter was the empress of the historically famous Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian. In this way, Li Yuan has a noble family since his grandfather. He is not only an in-law of the Yuwen family of the Northern Zhou royal family, but also a noble relative of the Yang family of the Sui Dynasty. To elaborate, Li Yuan was the nephew of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty and the aunt and cousin of Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty.
Li Yuan’s wife, Dou, was also a Xianbei military noble. His father, Dou Yi, was the Shangzhu Kingdom in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and his mother was Princess Xiangyang, sister of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Dou was smart since he was a child and had a photographic memory for reading. Emperor Wu loved him so much that he kept him in the palace. Seeing that his daughter was so talented and beautiful, Dou Yi thought that she should not marry anyone casually, but should choose a "virtuous husband" for her, so he drew two peacocks on the door screen and agreed that any suitor who could hit the target with two arrows would be given to them. Only those with peacock eyes are eligible. As a result, there were dozens of suitors before and after, but none of them got what they wanted. Only Li Yuan fired two arrows in succession, each hitting a peacock in the eye. Dou Yi was overjoyed and finally betrothed his daughter to him. This story shows that during the Northern Dynasties when they lived, martial arts skills were still the foundation for noble children. Li Yuan's ability to stand out reflects his outstanding performance at this time.
When Li Yuan was the governor of Zhengzhou in the Sui Dynasty, he carved a stone tablet in the second year of Daye (606) to pray for Li Shimin to recover from his illness
At the beginning of the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan was just a nobleman. A good birth prepares the body for a thousand oxen. This was the first step for aristocratic children. However, until Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was still alive, Li Yuan could only serve as the highest administrator at the local, state and county level - the governor (later called the prefect). During the Daye reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuancai was transferred to the central court as a young eunuch in the palace, and later he was changed to a Weiwei Shaoqing. In his personal political development, his wife Dou played an important role. When Li Yuan was in office, she once persuaded Li Yuan to cater to Emperor Sui Yang's preference for sensual dogs and horses and donate several of her horses as a gift. Li Yuan hesitated at first, which resulted in the dissatisfaction of Emperor Sui Yang. Later, Li Yuan suddenly came to his senses and repeatedly solicited donations from eagles and dogs, and soon he was promoted.
In an era that placed great emphasis on family origin and in-law relationships, Li Yuan gained great conveniences that many people did not have as soon as he appeared on the scene. He said that he "inherited the Yuqing of Qiye, and contributed to the prosperity of the fifth generation; then he won the relatives of the local ministers, and the family was called the public office", which is a true portrayal.
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